First Term English Language Year 10

Study Notes

Learning Objectives: Explain what a speech sound is, mention with examples the two major divisions of speech sounds, and identify the 44 English phonemes.
Speech Sounds: A phoneme is a speech sound; a grapheme represents or stands for the written sound (Letter). There are approximately 44 sounds in English (with some variations based on accents and articulations).
Consonants and Vowels: Consonant sounds involve partly or completely stopping the airflow, whereas vowel sounds allow unobstructed airflow.
Voiceless Consonants: Examples include /p/ as in place, /f/ as in fat, /t/ as in tea, /s/ as in see, and /k/ as in car.
Voiced Consonants: Examples include /b/ as in be, /v/ as in vibe, /d/ as in do, /g/ as in get, /z/ as in zest, and /dʒ/ as in joy.
Twelve Pure Vowels: Examples include /ɪ/ as in pit, /iː/ as in key, /ɛ/ as in bed, /æ/ as in pat, /ɑː/ as in part, /ʌ/ as in cut, /ɔː/ as in port, /ɜː/ as in bird, /uː/ as in boot, /ʊ/ as in put, /ə/ as in about, and /ɒ/ as in dot.
Diphthongs: (Eight) These are combinations of two vowel sounds. Examples include /eɪ/ as in day and /aɪ/ as in buy.

Learning Objectives: Explain the meaning of family and home, give examples of words associated with family and home, and make sentences using those words.
Family: A group of people related by blood or marriage who share a common bond.
Home: A place where one lives, feels safe, and experiences a sense of belonging.
Relevant Terms: Kith and kin (friends and family), courtship (a man seeking a woman's affections), wedding (social event of marriage ceremony), monogamy (one spouse), polygamy (more than one spouse) , guardian, pantry, divorce, household, nephew, upholstery, in-laws (relatives by marriage).

Learning Objectives: List words associated with agriculture, say their meanings, and make sentences with those words.
Agriculture Related Terms: Livestock (animals domesticated for cultivation), grassland, ranches, beef, hoe, bulldozer, net, trough, greenhouse, sprinklers, knab sack, orchard, seedlings, transplant, vaccination, horticulture, and tractors.

Learning Objectives: Define triphthongs, list types of triphthongs with examples, identify them in given words.
Triphthongs: A combination of a diphthong and the schwa sound (/ə/).

Learning Objectives: Explain what journalism is, list words associated with journalism, make sentences with those words
Journalism Related Terms: Journalism, photojournalism, newspaper, editorial, news media, magazine, publisher, tabloid, and gazette.

Learning Objectives: Explain what a clause is, list the different types of clauses with examples.
Clauses: A group of words containing a subject and a predicate.
Types of Clauses: Main and subordinate clauses. Main clauses can stand alone and make sense; subordinate clauses need a main clause to complete their meaning.

Learning Objectives: Explain what a contextual question is, and list steps in answering context questions
Contextual Questions: Questions regarding circumstances, words, sentences, and ideas in a passage that help in understanding the passage in relation to the surrounding ideas.
Steps in Answering Contextual Questions: Circle unfamiliar words, underline key phrases, identify synonyms, give main idea, and guess and prove your guess is right.

Learning Objectives: Explain the meaning of stress, and identify stress in two and three-syllable words.
Word Stress: Stressing a syllable in a word with more effort or energy.