First Responder Training Objectives

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Questions and Answers

What is the first emergency treatment for complete cessation of the heartbeat?

Administer oxygen

Perform CPR and defibrillation (correct)

Check for pulse

Give nitroglycerin

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of congested heart failure?

Swollen ankles

Profuse sweating

Flushed, dry skin (correct)

Rapid shallow breathing

What is the primary purpose of applying direct pressure to a wound?

To compress blood vessels and stop bleeding (correct)

To elevate the wound above the heart

To disinfect the area

To evaluate the severity of the injury

What causes angina?

Oxygen demand exceeding supply (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if bleeding continues after a dressing is applied?

Apply more gauze pads over the original dressing (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which position should a patient be placed in during a heart attack?

Sitting down comfortably (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of burn is characterized by blistering and fluid loss?

Partial thickness burn (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern during a seizure?

Protect the patient from injury (B) Signup and view all the answers

In case of an eye injury requiring bleeding control, what is the recommended action?

Cover the eye with a dry gauze pad (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure involves shaking movements and affects the entire body?

Generalized seizure (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is commonly associated with a spinal injury?

Priapism in males (D) Signup and view all the answers

During a heat stroke, what is a key indicator of the patient's condition?

Flushed, dry skin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after a seizure has ended?

Place them in recovery position (A) Signup and view all the answers

How should a chest wound be treated if a lung is punctured?

Seal the wound with airtight materials on all sides (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of heat exhaustion?

Profuse sweating (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Improperly vented heating appliances (B) Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should be taken if someone has a respiratory burn?

Administer oxygen if trained (B) Signup and view all the answers

What action should NOT be taken during treatment for heat cramps?

Have the person walk it off (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first for a patient experiencing insulin shock?

Provide them with candy or juice (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic symptom of a heart attack?

Severe chest pain radiating to the jaw (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a blocked coronary artery, what is the primary concern?

Heart muscle damage due to lack of oxygen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial action required for a chemical burn?

Brush away the chemical and flush with water (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is important to monitor after a seizure?

Patient's breathing and airway (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is a flail chest characterized?

Three or more ribs broken in two or more places (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if a patient experiences acute abdominal pain and shows signs of shock?

Monitor vital signs and keep them comfortable (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for a nosebleed?

Pinch the nostrils together for at least 5 minutes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of placing an unconscious patient in the recovery position?

To keep the airway open (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym BSI stand for in a medical context?

Body substance isolation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which acronym is used to summarize the components of a thorough patient assessment?

SAMPLE (B) Signup and view all the answers

During primary assessment, what is the purpose of forming a general impression of the patient?

To identify any potential threats to life (B) Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can a first responder proceed without consent when treating a minor?

If the situation involves a life-threatening emergency (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym AVPU stand for in the context of assessing a patient's level of responsiveness?

Awake, verbally responsive, pain responsive, unresponsive (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym DOTS help first responders remember during patient assessment?

Deformities, open wounds, tenderness, swelling (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step a first responder must take when arriving at an emergency scene?

Ensure the scene is safe from hazards (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is implied consent in emergency medical situations?

Consent assumed by the patient's condition (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of negligence, what does 'breach of duty' refer to?

Providing insufficient or improper care (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should a first responder do if blood or pathogens contaminate their uniform?

Dry clean it (D) Signup and view all the answers

When using the MOLST protocol, what must be validated for the order to be considered current?

Box D and E must be fully complete (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'standard of care' in emergency medical services?

The minimum acceptable level of care expected (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the recovery position?

To prevent secretions from entering the airway (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about therapy animals?

They can interact with a variety of people while on duty. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym FAST stand for in relation to stroke symptoms?

Face, arm, speech, time (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT a way to open an airway?

Chest thrust maneuver (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are some signs of hypothermia?

Feeling cold and shivering (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be done when treating superficial frostbite?

Rub the frostbitten area vigorously (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which group does the Good Samaritan law offer protection to?

Citizens providing aid in emergencies (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of service animals?

They help individuals with disabilities. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In case of anaphylactic shock, what is the first recommended action?

Help the patient use their EpiPen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom indicating a stroke?

Facial droop (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the treatment of hypothermia?

Cover extremities with dry clothes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of overdose?

Increased alertness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can a person do to assist with effective communication with elderly individuals?

Give them time to answer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a symptom of frostbite?

Persistent pain in the affected area (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

First Responder Learning Objectives

Purposes and indications for the use of the recovery position: Unconscious patients without trauma should be in the recovery position to keep airways open and allow secretions to drain.
AED (Automated External Defibrillator): An automated, external defibrillator.
Body Substance Isolation (BSI): All patients are potentially infected with blood-borne pathogens, so always wear double gloves when treating patients.
Standard Precautions (Infectious Disease): Treat all bodily fluids as potentially infectious, using protocols relevant to blood-borne diseases.
First Responder Role and Responsibilities: Respond promptly, ensure safety, hand off the patient to a higher-trained responder with the appropriate training, and document care.

Acronym Meanings and Definitions

DOTS: Deformities, open wounds, tenderness or pain, swelling
SAMPLE: Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past medical history, last oral intake, events leading up to injury or illness
AVPU scale acronyms: Awake and alert, Responsive to verbal, Responsive to pain, Unresponsive
MOLST: Medical Orders for life sustaining treatment
HIPPA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
CABs: Circulation, breathing, airway

Vital Assessment and Assessment Techniques

Vital Assessment (Respiration): Monitor respiration rate (12-20 breaths per minute in a normal adult), and breathing quality.
Pulse Vital Signs: Measure resting pulse (60-100 bpm) in an adult, and examine rhythm and quality.
Assessing Vital Signs (Respiration): Normal adult respiratory rate, monitor patient's breathing for one minute, note any breathing issues.

Consent for Minors: Minors cannot consent to treatment and emergency care requires consent from a legal guardian.
Implied Consent: The law assumes conscious patients would consent to treatment in an emergency, allowing for treatment of unconscious persons.

Negligence and Standard of Care

Negligence: Providing insufficient or improper care, or performing care beyond one's training or authorization.
Standard of Care: The responsible manner a reasonable person trained similarly would act in the same circumstance.
Conditions Present for Negligence: Duty to act, breach of duty, resulting injury, proximate cause, required training or authorized care (negligence).

Communications and Patient Interactions

Communicating with Hearing Impaired Patients: Identify yourself, address the patient directly, speak slowly and clearly and repeat and rephrase comments to ensure clear understanding.
Communicating with children: Employ familiar objects, explain what is occurring, and establish eye contact at their level (squatting/kneeling) to build trust.
Communicating with elderly people: Give them time to respond carefully, and don't assume they have mental or physical limitations.

Types of Safety Concerns and Treatments

Scene Safety: Assess the environment for dangers and issues like traffic, unstable surfaces, hazardous materials or leaking gas.
Frostbite: Quick, temporary warming of exposed body parts.
Overdosing: Providing care, and administering Naloxone (Narcan) in the event the patient is not breathing. Rescue breathing if required.
Hypothermia Treatment: Promptly transport the patient; and using warming procedures. Deep frostbite: Warming the body part quickly and safely.
Heat Stroke: Identify flushed, dry skin with a high temperature. Promptly transport to reduce elevated body temperature.
Bleeding Control: Proper dressings are important to stop bleeding and dress any open wounds.
Eye Injuries: Cover the entire eye with a dry gauze pad.

Types of Injuries, Assessments and Treatements

Head Injuries: Immobilize the head by establishing proper neck support.
Chest Injuries: Establish an airway, provide supportive breathing techniques like bag valve mask, and oxygen.
Spinal Injuries: Immobilize the head and neck, provide proper respiration support, ensure safety and stability.
Burns: Assess the severity (superficial, partial thickness, full thickness), and initiate treatment as appropriate.
Impaled Objects: Stabilize the object and position the patient.
Nose Bleeds: Pinch the nostrils together.

Obstetric Emergencies (Labor and Delivery)

Stages of Labor: First, second, and third stage of labor and what to expect.
Infants head position during contractions: Monitoring and support during contractions

Medical Conditions

Cardiac Arrest: Complete cessation of the heartbeat. CPR and defibrillation are the first-line treatments.
Congested Heart Failure: Place the patient in a sitting position and administration of oxygen treatment.
Angina/Heart Attack: Prompt response; patient position; and administering Nitroglycerin if appropriate.
Seizures: Protect the patient from injury. Provide necessary support and proper positioning.
Heat Exhaustion: Provide cooling measures and promptly transport to treatment if necessary.
Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock): Assess the patient, provide sugar, and coordinate with immediate care.
Poisoning (Ingestion, Inhalation): Initiate appropriate treatment based on the poisoning type.
Types of Head Injuries: Assess the patient to ensure proper positioning and immediate treatment.

Other

Diabetes Treatment: Provide juice, candy, or other sources of sugar based on the patient's needs.
Classifications of Poisoning: Ingestion, inhalation, injection, and absorption. Provide prompt care based on the condition.
Communication: Communicating with patients using simple and clear communication.

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Description

This quiz covers essential learning objectives for first responders, including the recovery position for unconscious patients, the use of Automated External Defibrillators (AED), and the principles of Body Substance Isolation (BSI) and Standard Precautions. It emphasizes the importance of rapid response, patient safety, and proper documentation in emergency situations.