First Aid: Victim Assessment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the 'Q' in the PQRST pain characteristics stand for?

  • Quantity
  • Quickness
  • Questioning
  • Quality (correct)

During a head to toe examination, which of the following does NOT represent a component of DOTS?

  • Open wound
  • Tenderness
  • Swelling
  • Temperature (correct)

What should you feel for during the neck examination?

  • Numbness or tingling (correct)
  • Pressure sensitivity
  • Color variations
  • Temperature changes

What action is taken to assess the chest during an examination?

<p>Asking the victim to take deep breaths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area should NOT be checked for CSF or bleeding during an examination?

<p>Fingers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When checking the head, what should you specifically inspect besides the skull?

<p>Pupils for equality and reactivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the capillary refill test?

<p>Evaluate circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a danger survey during a victim assessment?

<p>To determine hazards and cause of injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the shoulder and collarbone examination, what action is performed?

<p>Asking the victim to shrug shoulders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step follows the evaluation of the victim's responsiveness in the primary survey?

<p>Open the airway and stabilize the cervical spine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect to assess when checking for breathing in the primary survey?

<p>Look for chest movement, listen for breath sounds, feel for expired air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long should you check for breathing before concluding it is absent?

<p>10 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a component of the primary victim survey?

<p>Conducting a danger survey (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a victim does not respond during the primary survey?

<p>Call for help and activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When checking for pulse during the primary survey, how long should you check for?

<p>5-10 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method should NOT be used to open the airway in case of suspected neck injury?

<p>Head tilt chin lift maneuver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym 'CSM' stand for when assessing the upper extremities?

<p>Circulation, Sensation, Movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of applying slight pressure to each quadrant of the abdomen?

<p>To determine rigidity or guarding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if no suspected spinal cord injury is present when checking the back?

<p>Perform a log roll to assess all areas of the back (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the leg examination, which components are included in the assessment?

<p>DOTS and CMS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is recommended for checking the hips?

<p>Push downward and inward on both sides of the hips (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is included in the SAMPLE history when assessing a victim?

<p>Signs and symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in AVPU stand for when checking the victim's level of consciousness?

<p>Alert (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is assessed when checking the pulse of a victim?

<p>Pulse rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be determined regarding a victim's breathing during the physical examination?

<p>Rhythm and depth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'M' in SAMPLE stand for in the context of victim history?

<p>Medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT part of evaluating skin characteristics during a physical examination?

<p>Nail length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first action in the secondary survey of a victim?

<p>Victim history collection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to check the level of consciousness in the AVPU scale?

<p>Verbal stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Danger Survey

Assessing the accident scene for hazards, injury causes, and the number of victims

Primary Victim Survey

Quickly checking for life-threatening problems that need immediate care

Responsiveness Check

Determining if the victim is awake and responsive, using gentle taps and shouts

Airway Opening

Opening the victim's airway by tilting the head or using jaw thrust. It helps to clear airway obstructions

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Breathing Check

Evaluating breathing by observing chest movement, listening for sounds, and feeling for exhaled air.

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Circulation Check

Checking for pulse (carotid artery), and checking for bleeding from head-to-toe. Stops bleeding if present.

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Secondary Survey

A systematic examination of a casualty after initial assessment to gather further information, identify injuries, and initiate initial treatment.

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SAMPLE

A mnemonic tool to remember the key parts of a patient's history: Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, and Events.

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Activate EMS(emergency medical service)

Calling for emergency medical assistance when a victim doesn't respond, or signs of critical condition are apparent.

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Vital Signs

Essential indicators of a person's overall health status, including level of consciousness, breathing, pulse, and skin characteristics.

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Level of Consciousness

A measure of a person's responsiveness, graded as Alert, Verbal Response, Pain Response, or Unconscious (AVPU).

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Breathing

Evaluation of breathing rate, rhythm, and depth, difficulty (pain when breathing), and abnormal sounds.

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Pulse

Checking the rate and rhythm of a person's heartbeat.

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Skin Characteristics

Assessment of skin aspects like temperature (forehead), color (face/lips), moisture, and capillary refill time.

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Capillary Refill Test

A quick assessment to check circulation and blood flow by pressing on a fingertip or toe to determine how quickly color returns.

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PQRST Pain Characteristics

A method for describing pain (Precipitating, Quality, Region/Radiation, Severity, Time).

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Head-to-Toe Exam

A systematic physical examination of the body, progressing from head to feet, checking for abnormalities (Deformities, Open Wounds, Tenderness, Swelling).

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DOTS (Head-to-toe exam)

Abbreviated method of inspecting for Deformities, Open wounds, Tenderness and Swelling. A part of the head-to-toe examination.

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Pupil Equality and Reactivity to Light

Checking if both pupils are the same size and respond appropriately to light.

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Neck Examination (Numbness/Tingling/Strength)

Assessment of the neck for numbness, tingling, or weakness, and range of motion checking if no spinal injuries are suspected.

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Checking Shoulders and Collarbones

A physical examination step involving asking patients to shrug their shoulders to assess joint mobility and identify possible injuries.

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Chest Examination (DOTS)

Thoracic evaluation for Deformities, Open wounds, Tenderness and Swelling, and checking breathing patterns (symmetrical rise of chest).

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Abdomen Check (DOTS)

Applying gentle pressure to abdominal quadrants to detect rigidity or guarding, which can indicate internal injury.

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Hip Check

Pressing downward and inward on both hip sides to assess for injury or pain.

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Upper Extremity Assessment

Evaluate each arm for circulation, sensation, and movement (CSM) and check for Deformities, Open wounds, Tenderness, and Swelling (DOTS).

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Lower Extremity Assessment

Evaluate each leg for circulation, sensation, and movement (CMS) and check for Deformities, Open wounds, Tenderness, and Swelling (DOTS).

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Babinski Reflex Test

A neurological test to check for possible spinal cord damage by observing the response of the big toe when the sole of the foot is stimulated.

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Back Check

Gently examine the back for injuries, checking for pain, bruising, or deformities.

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Study Notes

Victim Assessment

  • Victim assessment is a crucial first aid skill requiring understanding of each step and decision-making abilities.
  • Components of victim assessment include danger survey, primary victim survey (initial assessment), and secondary victim survey.

Danger Survey

  • A danger survey assesses the accident scene to identify hazards, the cause of injury, and the number of victims.

Primary Victim Survey

  • Aims to identify life-threatening problems requiring immediate care.
  • Components of a primary survey include: Evaluating responsiveness, opening the airway and stabilizing the cervical spine, checking breathing, checking circulation (pulse, hemorrhage, and shock).

Steps of Primary Survey

  • Check for responsiveness: Tap and gently shake victim, shouting "Are you okay?". If no response, call for help and activate emergency medical services (EMS).
  • Airway opening and cervical spine stabilization: Open airway by head tilt-chin lift or jaw thrust if neck injury suspected. Clear airway of foreign objects.
  • Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for breathing by observing chest movement, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for expired air. Assess for 10 seconds if breathing is absent.
  • Circulation: Check pulse for 5-10 seconds. Check for severe bleeding and control if found. Checking for manifestations of shock and treating if found.

Secondary Victim Survey

  • Components of secondary survey (SAMPLE) include: Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, previous medical history, last meal, and events.
  • Physical Examination: Checks vital observations (level of consciousness- AVPU), including alert, response to verbal stimuli, response to painful stimuli or unconscious, and head-to-toe checks examining deformities, open wounds, tenderness, swelling, skull, eyes, nose, ears, mouth, neck, shoulders, collarbone, chest, abdomen, hips, extremities (upper and lower including circulation, sensation and movement), and back, including babinski reflex.

Breathing

  • Look, listen, and feel for breathing, note rhythm, depth, and any difficulties.

Pulse

  • Determine pulse rate and rhythm.

Skin Characteristics

  • Observe skin temperature, color, moisture and capillary refill.

Pain Characteristics

  • Identifying pain based upon precipitating factors, quality, region, severity, and time.

Head to Toe Examination

  • Assessing each body area for deformities, open wounds, tenderness, and swelling.
  • Checking the head, including the skull and eyes, as well as the neck, shoulders, collarbone, chest, abdomen, hips and the extremities (both upper and lower including circulation, sensation and movement), the back.
  • Evaluate Babinski reflex.

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