First Aid: Sudden Illness and Unconsciousness
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Questions and Answers

What is a common symptom of a heart attack?

  • Slight dizziness
  • Persistent chest pain (correct)
  • Headache
  • Confusion

    • Fainting is a result of an increased blood supply to the brain.

    False

    Convulsions are usually associated with a loss of consciousness and violent muscle __________.

    jerking

    What is the first aid measure recommended in cases of stroke?

    <p>Provide moderate covering, maintain an open airway, and transport the patient to the hospital immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of illness with its common cause:

    <p>Epilepsy = Chronic disease usually of unknown cause characterized by repeated convulsions Convulsion = Attack of unconsciousness usually of violent onset Stroke = Sudden loss of brain function due to disruption of blood supply Heart Attack = Usually involves a clot in one of the blood vessels supplying the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does emergency rescue deal with?

    <p>Moving a victim from a dangerous location to a place of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some indications for immediate rescue?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a heart attack, the victim may experience extreme pallor or bluish discoloration of the skin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first aid measure recommended for stroke victims?

    <p>Provide moderate covering, maintain an open airway, give artificial respiration if indicated, position the victim on his side to drain secretion, and transport the patient to hospital immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fainting is a partial or complete loss of consciousness due to a reduced supply of blood to the ______ for a short time.

    <p>brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the convulsion first aid measure with the corresponding action:

    <p>Prevent victim from hurting himself = Do not place a blunt object between the victim's teeth Give artificial respiration, if indicated = Do not pour any liquid into his mouth Reassure and advise to seek medical attention = Avoid overcrowding Push away nearby objects = After the seizure, allow the victim to sleep and rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sudden Illness and Unconsciousness

    • Sudden illness can be life-threatening, especially if associated with heart attack or massive internal hemorrhage, and prompt medical care is essential.

    Heart Attack

    • A heart attack usually involves a clot in one of the blood vessels that supply the heart.
    • It may or may not be accompanied by loss of consciousness.
    • Signs and symptoms:
      • Persistent chest pain under the sternum
      • Gasping and shortness of breath
      • Extreme pallor or bluish discoloration of the lips, skin, and fingernails
      • Extreme prostration
      • Shock
      • Swelling of the ankles (may indicate heart disease)
    • First aid measures:
      • Place the victim in a comfortable position (sitting)
      • Provide ventilation and guard against drafts and cold
      • Begin artificial respiration if not breathing
      • Call for an ambulance
      • Do not give liquids to an unconscious victim

    Stroke

    • A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function due to disruption of blood supply to the brain.
    • It usually involves a spontaneous rupture of a blood vessel in the brain or formation of a clot that interferes with circulation.
    • Major stroke:
      • Signs and symptoms:
        • Unconsciousness
        • Paralysis or weakness on one side of the body
        • Difficulty in breathing and swallowing
        • Loss of bladder and bowel control
        • Unequal size of pupils
        • Lack of ability to talk or slurring of speech
      • First aid measures:
        • Provide moderate covering
        • Maintain an open airway
        • Give artificial respiration if indicated
        • Position the victim on his side to drain secretion
        • Do not give fluids unless fully conscious
        • Transport the patient to the hospital immediately
    • Minor stroke:
      • Signs and symptoms:
        • Headache
        • Confusion
        • Slight dizziness and ringing in the ears
        • Other mild complaints
      • First aid measures:
        • Protect the victim against accident or physical exertion
        • Suggest medical attention

    Fainting

    • Fainting is a partial or complete loss of consciousness due to reduced blood supply to the brain.
    • Signs and symptoms:
      • Extreme paleness
      • Sweating
      • Coldness of the skin
      • Dizziness
      • Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet
      • Nausea
      • Possible disturbance of vision
    • First aid measures:
      • Leave the victim lying down
      • Loosen tight clothing and keep crowds away
      • Turn the head to the side
      • Maintain an open airway
      • Do not pour water over the victim's face; instead, gently bathe the face with cool water
      • Do not give any liquid unless the victim has revived
      • Seek medical assistance if recovery is not prompt

    Convulsion

    • A convulsion is an attack of unconsciousness, usually of violent onset.
    • Common causes of convulsion:
      • Severe dehydration
      • Febrile illnesses (e.g., meningitis, malaria, tetanus)
      • Epilepsy
      • Toxemia of pregnancy
    • Signs and symptoms:
      • Rigidity of body muscles followed by jerking movement
      • Bluish discoloration of the face and lips
      • Foaming at the mouth or drooling
      • Gradual subsidence (improvement)
    • First aid measures:
      • Prevent the victim from hurting himself
      • Give artificial respiration if indicated
      • Do not place a blunt object between the victim's teeth
      • Do not restrain the victim
      • Do not pour any liquid into the victim's mouth
      • Avoid overcrowding
      • Reassure and advise to seek medical attention

    Epilepsy

    • Epilepsy is a chronic disease characterized by repeated convulsions.
    • First aid measures for epilepsy are the same as for other convulsions, including:
      • Keep the airway open
      • Give artificial respiration if breathing stops
      • Push away nearby objects
      • Do not force a blunt object between the victim's teeth
      • Loosen clothing around the neck
      • Keep the victim lying down
      • Allow the victim to sleep and rest after the seizure

    Emergency Rescue and Short Distance Transfer

    • Emergency rescue is the process of moving a victim from a dangerous location to a place of safety.
    • Indications for immediate rescue include:
      • Fire, danger of fire, or explosion
      • Danger of asphyxia due to lack of oxygen or gas poisoning
      • Serious traffic hazards
      • Risk of drowning
      • Exposure to cold or intense heat or intense weather conditions
      • Possibility of injury from collapsing walls
      • Electrical injury or potential injury
      • Pinning by machinery
    • Methods of transfer:
      • Pulling the victim: pull in the direction of the long axis of the body, preferably from the shoulders
      • Lifting the victim: use proper lifting techniques
      • Supporting the victim: provide support and stability
      • Blanket techniques: use a blanket to lift and carry the victim a short distance
      • Three-man or four-man lift: use multiple people to lift and carry the victim
      • Six-man lift and carry: use multiple people to lift and carry the victim

    Sudden Illness and Unconsciousness

    • Heart attack:
      • Definition: a clot in one of the blood vessels that supply the heart
      • Signs and symptoms:
        • Persistent chest pain
        • Gasping and shortness of breath
        • Extreme pallor or bluish discoloration
        • Extreme prostration
        • Shock
      • First aid measures:
        • Place the victim in a comfortable position
        • Provide ventilation and guard against drafts and cold
        • Begin artificial respiration if necessary
        • Call for an ambulance
        • Do not give liquids to an unconscious victim

    Stroke

    • Definition: a sudden loss of brain function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to the brain
    • Major stroke:
      • Signs and symptoms:
        • Unconsciousness
        • Paralysis or weakness on one side of the body
        • Difficulty in breathing and swallowing
        • Loss of bladder and bowel control
        • Unequal size of pupils
        • Lack of ability to talk or slurring of speech
      • First aid measures:
        • Provide moderate covering
        • Maintain an open airway
        • Give artificial respiration if indicated
        • Position the victim on their side to drain secretions
        • Do not give fluids unless the victim is fully conscious
        • Transport the patient to the hospital immediately
    • Minor stroke:
      • Signs and symptoms:
        • Headache
        • Confusion
        • Slight dizziness and ringing in the ears
        • Other mild complaints
      • First aid measures:
        • Protect the victim against accident or physical exertion
        • Suggest medical attention

    Fainting

    • Definition: a partial or complete loss of consciousness due to a reduced supply of blood to the brain
    • Signs and symptoms:
      • Extreme paleness
      • Sweating
      • Coldness of the skin
      • Dizziness
      • Numbness and tingling of the hands and feet
      • Nausea
      • Possible disturbance of vision
    • First aid measures:
      • Leave the victim lying down
      • Loosen any tight clothing and keep crowds away
      • Turn the head to the side
      • Maintain an open airway
      • Do not pour water over the victim's face
      • Do not give any liquid unless the victim has revived

    Convulsion

    • Definition: an attack of unconsciousness usually of violent onset
    • Common causes of convulsion:
      • Severe dehydration
      • Febrile illnesses (e.g. meningitis, malaria, tetanus)
      • Epilepsy
      • Toxemia of pregnancy
    • Signs and symptoms:
      • Rigidity of body muscles
      • Bluish discoloration of the face and lips
      • Foaming at the mouth or drooling
      • Gradual subsidence
    • First aid measures:
      • Prevent the victim from hurting themselves
      • Give artificial respiration, if indicated
      • Do not place a blunt object between the victim's teeth
      • Do not restrain them
      • Do not pour any liquid into their mouth
      • Do not place a child in a tub of water
      • Avoid overcrowding
      • Reassure and advise to seek medical attention

    Epilepsy

    • Definition: a chronic disease characterized by repeated convulsions
    • First aid measures:
      • Keep the airway open
      • Give artificial respiration, if breathing stops
      • Push away nearby objects
      • Do not force a blunt object between the victim's teeth
      • When jerking is over, loosen the clothing around their neck
      • Keep them lying down
      • After the seizure, allow the victim to sleep and rest

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    Description

    Learn about the first aid measures to take when faced with sudden illness or unconsciousness, including heart attack and internal hemorrhage. Understand the importance of securing transportation to receive medical care quickly and safely.

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