First Aid Essentials
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Questions and Answers

When treating a poisoning victim, under which circumstance is inducing vomiting considered inappropriate?

  • When it has been less than one hour since the substance ingestion.
  • When the substance ingested was corrosive or a petroleum product. (correct)
  • When the victim is a child and the substance is unknown.
  • When the victim is conscious and able to follow instructions.

A person who has a nosebleed, who is also suspected of having a spinal injury, should be positioned how?

  • Tilted head backward and nose pinched to prevent blood from running.
  • Lying flat on their back to minimize movement and nose pinched.
  • Leaning slightly forward with direct pressure applied to the nose, while maintaining spinal immobilization. (correct)
  • Sitting upright to reduce blood pressure and ice applied to the nasal area.

Which of the following actions should be avoided when providing first aid to someone with a foreign object in their eye?

  • Seeking immediate medical attention if the object cannot be easily removed.
  • Encouraging the person to blink repeatedly to dislodge the object.
  • Rinsing the eye gently with clean water from the inner corner outwards.
  • Attempting to remove a deeply embedded object with tweezers. (correct)

Why is elevating the legs recommended for a person in shock?

<p>To encourage blood flow back to vital organs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After removing a bee stinger, what is the next appropriate step in treating the sting site of a person with no known allergy?

<p>Apply a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain, and monitor for signs of allergic reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the DRSABCD protocol, after checking for danger, what is the next critical step?

<p>Assess the casualty's responsiveness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person is conscious but bleeding heavily from a leg wound. Direct pressure is not enough to stop the bleeding. What should you do next?

<p>Elevate the limb and apply more pressure to the wound. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You encounter someone who has sustained a burn to their hand from hot water. The burn area is blistered and painful. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?

<p>Cool the burn under gently running cool water for 20 minutes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hiker is showing signs of hypothermia: shivering, confusion, and slurred speech. After moving them to a sheltered area, what is the MOST effective way to increase their body temperature?

<p>Replace wet clothing with dry layers and wrap them in blankets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person with a known allergy is stung by a bee and starts showing signs of anaphylaxis. They have an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) available. What is the correct procedure for administering the EpiPen?

<p>Inject the EpiPen into the thigh, holding it in place for 10 seconds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a seizure, an individual begins to turn blue. What immediate action should be taken?

<p>Time the seizure and protect the person from injury. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Applying the F.A.S.T acronym, you notice someone has a uneven smile. What part of the F.A.S.T acronym does this relates to, and what should you do?

<p>Face , check for the other symptoms of stroke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Someone has ingested a potentially poisonous substance but is conscious and alert. What is the most appropriate first step?

<p>Call the local poisons control center for advice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Poisoning first action

Call poison control immediately and follow their instructions.

Stopping a nosebleed

Lean forward and pinch the soft part of the nose below the bone for 10-15 minutes.

Foreign object in eye

Rinse the eye with clean water to try and flush out the object. Do not rub the eye.

Position for Shock

Lay the person flat with their legs elevated unless this causes more pain or injury.

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Bee sting first aid

Scrape the stinger off horizontally using a credit card or similar hard object.

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Scene Assessment

First step in an emergency: ensure the scene is safe for you and the casualty.

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DRSABCD: 'R'

In DRSABCD, 'R' means check for a Response. Are they conscious?

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Check for Response

Ask loudly, “Can you hear me?” and gently touch their shoulders.

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Control Bleeding

Apply direct pressure with a clean cloth to stop the flow of blood.

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Bleeding Through Dressing

Apply another layer over the soaked one to maintain pressure.

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Treating Thermal Burns

Cool the burn with running water for at least 10 minutes.

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Third-degree Burn

Immediate medical attention is needed due to the depth of tissue damage.

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Heatstroke Symptoms

Confusion and dry, hot skin are key indicators.

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Study Notes

DRSABCD & Scene Assessment

  • The first action when approaching an emergency scene should be checking for danger.
  • In DRSABCD, "R" stands for Response.
  • When checking for a response, ask loudly, “Can you hear me?” and gently touch their shoulders.

Bleeding & Wounds

  • The best method to control bleeding involves applying direct pressure with a clean cloth to the wound.
  • If blood soaks through a dressing, apply another layer over it without removing the first one.

Burns

  • The initial step in treating a thermal burn is to cool the burn under running water for at least 10 minutes.
  • A third-degree burn necessitates immediate medical attention.

Heatstroke & Hypothermia

  • Confusion and dry, hot skin are symptoms of heatstroke.
  • Hypothermia treatment involves gradually warming the person using blankets.

Allergic Reactions & Seizures

  • The primary treatment for anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) is using an epinephrine (EpiPen) auto-injector.
  • During a seizure, do not hold the person down to stop their movements.

Stroke & Poisoning

  • Sudden fever is not part of the FAST method for stroke recognition.
  • If a poisoning victim is conscious, contact poison control for instructions.

Nosebleeds, Eye Injuries, Shock, Bites & Stings

  • To stop a nosebleed, lean forward and pinch the nose.
  • For a foreign object in the eye, rinse the eye with clean water.
  • A person in shock should be positioned lying flat with legs elevated.
  • The best first aid for a bee sting (without allergic reaction) is to scrape the stinger off using a hard object like a credit card.

DRSABCD Steps

  • D - Danger: Assess the scene for hazards to ensure safety for yourself, bystanders, and the casualty.
  • R - Response: Check for a response by asking loudly, “Can you hear me?” and gently touching their shoulders.
  • S - Send for help: Call for an ambulance or ask someone else to do so.
  • A - Airway: Ensure the airway is clear by tilting the head back and lifting the chin.
  • B - Breathing: Check for normal breathing.
  • C - CPR: If not breathing or not breathing normally, commence chest compressions, pushing hard and fast in the center of the chest.
  • D - Defibrillation: Attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) and follow voice prompts if available.

Heat Exhaustion vs. Heatstroke

  • Heat Exhaustion:
    • Characterized by heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, or vomiting. Skin may be cool and clammy.
    • First aid: Move the person to a cool place, loosen clothing, apply cool, wet cloths, and give small sips of water if conscious.
  • Heatstroke:
    • A severe condition with symptoms including confusion, disorientation, high body temperature, dry, hot skin (or profuse sweating), rapid heartbeat, and potential loss of consciousness.
    • First aid: Call emergency services immediately, move the person to a cool place, and aggressively cool the body by applying ice packs to armpits, groin, and neck or immersing in cool water.

Degrees of Burns

  • First-degree:
    • Affects the outer layer of skin (epidermis).
    • Characterized by redness, pain, and mild swelling.
  • Second-degree:
    • Involves the epidermis and part of the dermis.
    • Presents with blisters, intense pain, redness, and swelling.
  • Third-degree:
    • Destroys the epidermis and dermis.
    • Skin may appear white or charred, and there may be a lack of sensation in the area due to nerve damage.

Reasons to Avoid Inducing Vomiting in Poisoning

  • It can cause further injury if the substance is corrosive, potentially re-damaging the esophagus and airway.
  • If the person is not fully conscious, vomiting could lead to aspiration into the lungs, causing pneumonia or respiratory distress.

Object Embedded in Wound

  • Do not remove the object.
  • Stabilize the object to prevent movement.
  • Seek immediate medical attention.

Key Signs of Anaphylaxis

  • Difficulty breathing or wheezing.
  • Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
  • Immediate treatment: Use an epinephrine (EpiPen) auto-injector and call emergency services.

Importance of Immediate Medical Attention for Stroke

  • It is crucial for assessing the type of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic).
  • Receiving timely treatment, such as thrombolytic drugs (for ischemic stroke), can minimize brain damage and improve the chances of recovery.

Handling a Seizure

  • Protect the person from injury by clearing the area of hard or sharp objects.
  • Do not restrain the person or put anything in their mouth.
  • After the seizure, place them in the recovery position and monitor their breathing; seek medical attention if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes or if it's their first seizure.

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Description

Covers essential first aid procedures, including DRSABCD, bleeding control, burn treatment, and managing heatstroke, hypothermia, allergic reactions, and seizures. Highlights immediate response techniques and when to seek medical attention.

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