First Aid Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of first aid?

To provide advanced medical care.

To prevent worsening of the situation and promote recovery. (correct)

To diagnose medical conditions.

To treat minor injuries and illnesses.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the emergency action steps?

Assessing the victim's responsiveness.

Checking scene safety.

Administering medication. (correct)

Calling for help.

Which of these is NOT a cause of injury mentioned in the content?

Mechanical injury

Thermal injury

Chemical injury (correct)

Electrical injury

What is the first step in checking the victim?

Checking for responsiveness. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the victim is conscious?

Reassure the victim and monitor their condition. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common situation where first aid may be required?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important principle of first aid when caring for a victim?

Minimizing further harm and promoting recovery. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bandage is most suitable for supporting injured joints?

Crepe bandage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a bandage to secure dressings in place?

To prevent movement or further injury (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bandage is generally used to minimize swelling in an injured limb?

Elevation sling (D) Signup and view all the answers

When applying a roller bandage, what is the recommended overlap for each turn?

2/3 of the previous turn (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using an open-weave bandage?

They allow for ventilation and do not put pressure on wounds. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for using a bandage?

To regulate the temperature of the injured area (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence for applying a roller bandage to a limb?

Start at the narrowest part, work upwards, and overlap each turn by 2/3 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bandage would be most appropriate for supporting a sprained ankle?

Elasticated Bandage (D) Signup and view all the answers

Before applying a bandage, what is the most important step to ensure?

The distal blood circulation is checked (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common type of roller bandage?

Triangle (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when managing a victim in the recovery position?

Leaving the victim alone (B) Signup and view all the answers

After confirming both pulse and breathing in an unconscious victim, what is the next step?

Maintain the airway and recovery position (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for checking the pulse in adults?

Carotid pulse (B) Signup and view all the answers

When performing the head-tilt/chin-lift technique, which direction should pressure be applied to the chin?

Upward (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would indicate ineffective breathing in a victim?

Gasping for air (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?

To stimulate vomiting (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to perform a jaw thrust maneuver?

Lifting the jaw while positioning the head back (D) Signup and view all the answers

How should you open a victim's mouth for OPA insertion?

Using the cross-finger technique (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action to take if an AED advises that a shock is needed?

Make sure no one is touching the person, shout "EVERYONE, clear", and then deliver the shock. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action to take if you notice that the client is breathing after performing CPR?

Stop compressions, check the pulse, and keep the airway open until a trained responder takes over. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if you need to use an AED on a victim who has body hair?

Shave the hair off the chest area. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ensure that no one is touching the person when using an AED?

To prevent anyone from being shocked by the electrical current. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would necessitate stopping CPR?

The client's pulse is present. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action if you need to use an AED on a person with a medication patch on their chest?

Remove the patch before applying the AED pads. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What precautions should be taken when using an AED?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a shockable rhythm?

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of using an oropharyngeal airway (OPA) that is too small?

It can be lost in the oropharynx. (C) Signup and view all the answers

During the insertion of an OPA for an adult, what should you do when the tip approaches the back of the mouth?

Rotate it one-half turn (180 degrees). (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)?

To maintain airway for a semi-conscious client. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct position for giving chest compressions during CPR?

Kneeling beside the person’s upper chest. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to create a tight seal between the bag-mask and the victim's face?

E-C Clamp technique. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended rate for delivering breaths using a bag-valve-mask for adults?

10-12 breaths per minute. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical factor for successful CPR according to the content provided?

Early CPR and rapid defibrillation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct hand position for chest compressions during CPR?

Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum and the other hand on top. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When measuring an NPA, which two anatomical points should you consider?

Tip of nose to tip of ear. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What chest compression depth is recommended during CPR for adults?

5 to 6 cm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing CPR without an advanced airway?

30:2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to minimize interruptions in chest compressions during CPR?

To increase the chance of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a victim is unresponsive and not breathing?

Begin CPR immediately. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the role of the LUCAS device in CPR?

It replaces manual compressions with mechanical ones. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored after delivering ventilation during CPR?

Chest rise and fall. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested energy level for a Metronic defibrillator in a hospital setting?

200J (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

First Aid Principles: Bandaging and CPR

First aid involves helping behaviors and initial care for acute illnesses or injuries.
The purpose of first aid is to preserve life, prevent suffering, prevent further complications, promote speedy recovery, assess the situation, call for help, provide appropriate care and report.
Common injury causes include mechanical (impact, cuts), thermal (extreme temperatures), electrical (lightning, workplace), and radiation injuries.
Common injury situations include cardiac arrest and choking.

Learning Objectives

Understand general first aid principles.
Understand the criteria and steps involved in quality CPR practices.
Understand the basic concept of bandaging.

Emergency Action Steps

Check for scene safety.
Check the victim for responsiveness, pulse, and breathing.
Call for help (999).
Care for the victim and/or their relatives/friends.

Checking Responsiveness

Unresponsive or unconscious person lying on the ground: silent, motionless.
Tap on shoulder and ask (shout at both sides of ears.) check for response.
Shout victim's name if known.
Infant: check for response by flicking bottom of foot.
If conscious, provide reassurance.
If unconscious, check pulse and breathing.
Perform a head-to-toe assessment to check for injury or bleeding.

Conscious Person Care

Monitor any deterioration until ambulance arrives.
Continue assessment.
Provide necessary care according to general first aid principles.
Help the victim rest in a safe and comfortable position.
Avoid chilling or overheating the victim.
Reassure the victim and their relatives/friends.
Provide any needed care like bandaging.
Maintain careful observation for any changes.

Recovery Position

Lay the person down on their back with legs out straight.
Kneel down beside them.
Place the nearest arm on the floor next to their head, bent with palm facing up.
Using the hand further away from you, pull the far arm across their chest, Guide the back of the hand towards their face resting on the cheek closest to you.
The leg you pulled up will be straightened out in front of the person with the thigh at a right angle.
Gently tilt their head back a little and open their mouth slightly to make it easier for them to breathe
Rest their hand on their cheek, between their chin and the ground to stabilize.
The procedure must be followed to help increase total airway volume and decrease stridor severity.

Checking Pulse and Breathing

Adults: Locate and feel the carotid pulse.
Infants: Feel for brachial pulse.
Look for chest rising and falling with breathing, or gasping (ineffective breathing)
Confirm pulse and breathing for 5-10 seconds.
Breathing & pulse present = Maintain airway and recovery position.
Pulse +ve, no breathing (or gasping) = Airway management and/or rescue breathing.

Unconsciousness

Unconsciousness is a life-threatening emergency.
If someone doesn't respond, assume they're unconscious.

Airway Management

Assess the airway to ensure it is open and unobstructed.
Unconscious person lying on back, tongue may block airway.
Unconscious Person Airway - Use head-tilt/chin-lift or jaw thrust to open airway.
Oropharyngeal airway (OPA) — inserted into mouth, used with unconscious patients — may stimulate gag reflex and induce vomiting, and might cause mouth or teeth trauma.
Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) – inserted into the nose.

Clear Airway

Suctioning is used to clear the airway.
Yankauer sucker tool is used in these procedures.

Maintaining Airway

Procedures like oropharyngeal suctioning are crucial in clearing the airway.

OPA Insertion

Measure the OPA, mouth opening using crossfinger technique
Insert OPA with the curved end along roof of mouth, rotate half turn.
Slide OPA into the throat and ensure correct placement and secure the flange on the lips.
Make sure that the edge of the bandage by the elbow is secured by twisting the fabric and tucking it in, or using a safety pin.

NPA Insertion

Inserting the NPA into the nose is necessary for semi-conscious clients.
The NPA should be lubricated for comfort and to prevent nose bleeding.
Proper size is measured from the tip of the nose to the tip of the ear.

Open/Clear/Maintain Airway

Open: Head tilt/chin lift or jaw thrust.
Clear: Suctioning.
Maintain: Oropharyngeal airway OR nasopharyngeal airway or advanced airway.

Rescue Breathing

Keep airway open. Watch for chest rise as air goes in.

Ventilation

Proper ventilation technique like bag-valve-mask (BVM).
Use three fingers to lift the jaw toward the mask, opening airway — E-C technique.
Hold the mask firmly on the face, applying a tight seal.
Use other hand to squeeze the bag (around 1/3) for 10-12 breaths per minute for adults.
Observe chest rise for adequate ventilation.
For adults use 30:2 compression-ventilation ratio.

Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)

The components of a BVM include an expiratory valve, PEEP valve, self-inflating bag, air-inlet one-way valve, and oxygen reservoir socket.
A firm seal must be maintained between the bag and the victim's face.
The bag should be squeezed around 1/3 of its full capacity.

CPR for Adults

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) comprises chest compressions and rescue breaths when no pulse or breathing is detected (e.g., gasping).
AED is necessary for defibrillation, when possible.
Early CPR and Rapid Defibrillation are crucial and often work best.
Chest compressions on a firm, flat surface or a backboard in the hospital are advised.

CPR for Adults: Chest Compression

Kneel next to the person's upper chest.
Place hands on the lower half of the sternum (breastbone).
Center the hands over the heart.
Keep arms straight and shoulders aligned directly over hands.
Push hard straight down on the chest to the necessary depth (e.g., 5-6 cm for adults).
Allow the chest to recoils completely after every push.
Change compressors every 2 minutes (or sooner if fatigued).
Maintain a 30:2 compression-ventilation ratio.

CPR for Adults: Ventilation

Maintain the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift or jaw-thrust technique.
Provide rescue breaths.
Watch for chest rise as air enters the lungs.
Avoid excessive ventilation.

Defibrillation (AED)

Automated External Defibrillator: Identify shockable rhythms (e.g., ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)).
Use appropriate pads, considering patient's age and size.
Ensure no one is touching the person.
Deliver shock when advised by AED.
Resume CPR if advised not to give a shock.
Follow AED instructions.
Important to minimize interruptions in chest compression when administering CPR.

When to Stop CPR

Life-signs are present and observed, such as breathing.
An AED is available, ready to analyze the rhythm.
A trained responder is taking over or ready to take over
If you are too exhausted or the scene becomes unsafe.

Bandaging

Bandages (strips, patches, cloth bands) are used to secure dressings or splints, maintain pressure on wounds to stop bleeding, support injured limbs, prevent further injuries, and assist in victim transport.
Triangular bandages can be used for large dressings, slings to support limbs, and securing dressings.
Roller bandages allow ventilation while providing support for injuries like sprains and to help secure dressings.

Simple Spiral and Figure-of-8 Bandages

Show how to bandage a hand/leg using different techniques (e.g., spiral, figure-of-8 etc.).

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Description

Test your knowledge of first aid principles and practices. This quiz covers various components such as emergency action steps, types of bandages, and procedures for assessing victims. Perfect for anyone looking to enhance their first aid skills!