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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of first aid?
What should you do first at the scene of an emergency?
How should you apply direct pressure to a wound?
What is the correct rate of chest compressions during CPR?
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What should you do to relieve choking?
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What should you do to treat shock?
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What should you do if someone has a diabetic emergency?
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What should you do if someone has a poisoning emergency?
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Study Notes
General Principles
- First aid is the immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly taken ill.
- The purpose of first aid is to preserve life, prevent further harm, and promote recovery.
Priorities
- Check the scene for safety
- Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC)
- Call for medical help if necessary
- Provide basic care for bleeding, shock, and other injuries
Bleeding and Wound Care
- Apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or bandage
- Elevate the injured limb above heart level
- Apply a tourniquet or pressure point only if trained to do so
- Use gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission
Cardiac Emergencies
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):
- Chest compressions: 30 compressions per minute
- Rescue breaths: 2 breaths per minute
- Automated external defibrillator (AED) use:
- Follow device instructions
- Use on unconscious person with no breathing or pulse
Respiratory Emergencies
- Choking relief:
- Back blows: 5 blows between the shoulder blades
- Abdominal thrusts: 5 thrusts
- Asthma and anaphylaxis:
- Use inhaler or epinephrine auto-injector as directed
- Call for medical help
Shock and Burn Care
- Shock:
- Lay person down with legs elevated
- Loosen tight clothing
- Keep person calm and quiet
- Burns:
- Cool with cool water (not ice or ice water)
- Remove jewelry and tight clothing
- Cover with a sterile, non-stick dressing
Medical Conditions
- Diabetes:
- Recognize signs of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Administer glucose or sugar as directed
- Epilepsy:
- Clear the area around the person
- Loosen tight clothing
- Turn person on their side in recovery position
Other Emergencies
- Poisoning:
- Call the poison control center
- Identify the poison if possible
- Follow instructions from the poison control center
- Allergic reactions:
- Administer epinephrine as directed
- Call for medical help
General Principles
- First aid is the immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly taken ill.
- The purpose of first aid is to preserve life, prevent further harm, and promote recovery.
Priorities
- Check the scene for safety before approaching the person.
- Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) to ensure they are breathing and have a pulse.
- Call for medical help if necessary, especially if the person is unresponsive or has severe injuries.
- Provide basic care for bleeding, shock, and other injuries.
Bleeding and Wound Care
- Apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or bandage to stop bleeding.
- Elevate the injured limb above heart level to reduce bleeding.
- Apply a tourniquet or pressure point only if trained to do so, as it can cause harm if not used correctly.
- Use gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission.
Cardiac Emergencies
- Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a person who is unresponsive, not breathing, or has no pulse.
- CPR involves 30 chest compressions per minute and 2 rescue breaths per minute.
- Use an automated external defibrillator (AED) on an unconscious person with no breathing or pulse, following the device's instructions.
Respiratory Emergencies
- Relieve choking by giving 5 back blows between the shoulder blades, followed by 5 abdominal thrusts.
- Use an inhaler or epinephrine auto-injector as directed to treat asthma and anaphylaxis attacks.
- Call for medical help immediately after relieving the attack.
Shock and Burn Care
- Treat shock by laying the person down with their legs elevated, loosening tight clothing, and keeping them calm and quiet.
- Treat burns by cooling them with cool water (not ice or ice water), removing jewelry and tight clothing, and covering with a sterile, non-stick dressing.
Medical Conditions
- Recognize signs of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in diabetic individuals, such as dizziness, sweating, and confusion.
- Administer glucose or sugar as directed to treat hypoglycemia.
- Treat epilepsy by clearing the area around the person, loosening tight clothing, and turning them on their side in the recovery position.
Other Emergencies
- Call the poison control center immediately in case of poisoning, and identify the poison if possible.
- Follow instructions from the poison control center to treat the poisoning.
- Treat allergic reactions by administering epinephrine as directed and calling for medical help.
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Description
Learn the fundamental principles and priorities of first aid, including scene safety, ABC checks, and basic care for bleeding and injuries.
