Podcast
Questions and Answers
What should a responder assume when dealing with an unconscious victim?
What should a responder assume when dealing with an unconscious victim?
In which situation can first aid be provided without consent?
In which situation can first aid be provided without consent?
What is the primary focus during the breathing assessment in first aid?
What is the primary focus during the breathing assessment in first aid?
Which maneuver should be performed if the victim's airway is not open?
Which maneuver should be performed if the victim's airway is not open?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of consent is obtained when a responder explains the care they will provide?
What type of consent is obtained when a responder explains the care they will provide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary concern when using antidepressants in patients with a history of alcohol abuse?
What is the primary concern when using antidepressants in patients with a history of alcohol abuse?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)?
Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the maximum recommended dosage of acetaminophen in 24 hours?
What is the maximum recommended dosage of acetaminophen in 24 hours?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
What is the mechanism of action for Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is best treated with anticonvulsants like Gabapentin or Pregabalin?
Which of the following conditions is best treated with anticonvulsants like Gabapentin or Pregabalin?
Signup and view all the answers
When combining NSAIDs with opioids, in what situation is this approach most indicated?
When combining NSAIDs with opioids, in what situation is this approach most indicated?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be assessed in a patient before prescribing Tricyclic Antidepressants?
What should be assessed in a patient before prescribing Tricyclic Antidepressants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the ESI level assigned to patients with localized abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, if they are between 14 to 20 weeks pregnant?
What is the ESI level assigned to patients with localized abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, if they are between 14 to 20 weeks pregnant?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is NOT associated with high risk of visual loss?
Which condition is NOT associated with high risk of visual loss?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be assessed immediately in patients presenting with chest pain if they are physiologically unstable?
What should be assessed immediately in patients presenting with chest pain if they are physiologically unstable?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines patients as high-risk regarding environmental exposure?
What defines patients as high-risk regarding environmental exposure?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following patients would be prioritized as ESI level 1?
Which of the following patients would be prioritized as ESI level 1?
Signup and view all the answers
In which situation would a patient with severe 3rd degree burns be assigned ESI level 1?
In which situation would a patient with severe 3rd degree burns be assigned ESI level 1?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom indicates a patient may be experiencing impending airway loss?
What symptom indicates a patient may be experiencing impending airway loss?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following patients would NOT require immediate resuscitation?
Which of the following patients would NOT require immediate resuscitation?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be documented for patients with 3rd degree burns?
What should be documented for patients with 3rd degree burns?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the condition that classifies infants under 30 days of age as high risk when presenting with a fever?
What is the condition that classifies infants under 30 days of age as high risk when presenting with a fever?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scenario requires the involvement of a social worker and the local police department?
Which scenario requires the involvement of a social worker and the local police department?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be evaluated for patients in mild-to-moderate distress?
What should be evaluated for patients in mild-to-moderate distress?
Signup and view all the answers
What ESI level indicates a patient who does not need vital signs unless classified as high risk?
What ESI level indicates a patient who does not need vital signs unless classified as high risk?
Signup and view all the answers
Which patients are classified as high-risk due to severe psychological distress?
Which patients are classified as high-risk due to severe psychological distress?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ESI level represents patients requiring immediate lifesaving intervention?
Which ESI level represents patients requiring immediate lifesaving intervention?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following circumstances does NOT classify the patient as high risk?
Which of the following circumstances does NOT classify the patient as high risk?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct statement regarding the triage process for ESI level-2 patients?
What is the correct statement regarding the triage process for ESI level-2 patients?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be done if a patient is suspected of child abuse and parents are the suspected abusers?
What should be done if a patient is suspected of child abuse and parents are the suspected abusers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level does NOT require a detailed physical assessment unless there is a danger in vital signs?
Which level does NOT require a detailed physical assessment unless there is a danger in vital signs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an indication for assigning a patient to ESI level 1?
What is an indication for assigning a patient to ESI level 1?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition might classify a patient as ESI level 2?
Which condition might classify a patient as ESI level 2?
Signup and view all the answers
In which scenario is a nurse permitted to initiate a standardized protocol?
In which scenario is a nurse permitted to initiate a standardized protocol?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vital sign is specifically used for triaging children under age 3?
Which vital sign is specifically used for triaging children under age 3?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient with a heart rate of 104 and stable condition might be categorized as:
A patient with a heart rate of 104 and stable condition might be categorized as:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a high-risk patient scenario?
Which of the following is NOT considered a high-risk patient scenario?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be quickly evaluated in patients suspected of overdose?
What should be quickly evaluated in patients suspected of overdose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which patient condition indicates the highest priority for nursing intervention?
Which patient condition indicates the highest priority for nursing intervention?
Signup and view all the answers
Which option best describes the role of the emergency nurse in high-risk situations?
Which option best describes the role of the emergency nurse in high-risk situations?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes ESI level 2 patients?
What characterizes ESI level 2 patients?
Signup and view all the answers
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Analgesia and Pain
- Pain is described as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
- Critical care patients often experience acute pain with an identifiable cause expected to resolve within a certain time frame.
- Interventions should aim to provide relief and comfort, especially for the elderly who may experience both acute and chronic pain. Pain can affect daily activities and personal relationships.
- Pain perception is a subjective experience and a patient's self-report is crucial. However, in critical care, some patients are unable to self-report.
- Factors in the ICU environment can influence pain experience including anxiety, sleep deprivation, unfamiliar surroundings and noise from machines.
Components of Pain
- Sensory: the characteristics of pain, such as its intensity, location, and quality.
- Affective: negative emotions such as unpleasantness, anxiety, and fear associated with the experience of pain.
- Cognitive: the person's interpretation of the meaning of the pain.
- Behavioural: the strategies used to express, avoid, or control the pain.
- Physiological: nociception and the stress response.
Types of Pain
- Acute pain: short duration, typically associated with the healing process (less than 30 days).
- Chronic pain: persisting for more than 6 months after the injury or illness.
Classification of Pain by Pathology
- Nociceptive pain: normal physiological response to noxious stimuli.
- Somatic pain: involves superficial tissues (skin, muscles, joints, and bones).
- Visceral pain: involves organs (heart, stomach, and liver), less localized.
- Neuropathic pain: abnormal processing of sensory input by the nervous system.
- Can be peripheral (damage to peripheral nerves) or central (damage to central nervous system structures).
Physiology and Anatomy of Pain
- Transduction: noxious stimuli converted to an action potential
- Transmission: through afferent neurons to the spinal cord and the brain
- Modulation: process by which pain signals are enhanced or inhibited (in the spinal cord)
- Perception: integration of pain signals (in the cerebral cortex).
Strategies for Pain Management
- Pain assessment is individualized to each patient.
- Subjective/self-report: PQRSTU (Provocative/Palliative, Quality, Region/Location, Severity, Timing, and Understanding
- Behavioral pain scale (BPS) assesses facial expressions and limb movements.
- Critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) is useful for patients who cannot self-report.
Pain Management of Acute Pain
- Pharmacologic: WHO analgesic ladder (mild, moderate, & severe pain) uses opioids and NSAIDs.
- Non-Opioid Analgesics/ Therapy: Acetaminophen inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. NSAIDs block COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
- Adjuvant therapy: corticosteroids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants used alongside other analgesics.
Non-pharmacological management
- Techniques for appropriate pain management
- Ice/warm packs, relaxation techniques, guided imagery, biofeedback, and music therapy are examples of non-pharmacological pain relief methods that can be useful in improving pain relief.
Preventing and Treating Respiratory Depression
- Respiratory depression is a serious side effect of opioids, and risk increases with concomitant use of other CNS depressants.
- Naloxone (an opioid antagonist) can reverse respiratory depression.
Monitoring for Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
- Assessment of vital signs like age, disease, BMI, physical health.
- Identify factors in the hospital environment and patient care such as modality, environment and if the patient is intubated
- Recognize advancing sedations that are a sensitive indicator of impending Respiratory depression
- Reliable assessment tools are POST (Pasero Opioid-Induced Sedation Scale) and RASS (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale)
Non-pharmacological management
- Techniques that are not focused on medications are utilized to manage pain; examples include application of ice/heat, relaxation methods, and other self-care methods.
Emergency Nursing
- Managing patients with emergency situations in a unique setting.
- Managing urgent medical condition from accidents, medical emergencies and or natural disaster events involving the patient's immediate physical or psychological safety.
- The nurse performs a thorough assessment and determines the highest priority based on the condition of the patient.
First Aid
- Temporary and immediate care to an injured/ill person.
- Effective procedures to keep the victim alive, involves life-threatening conditions and taking actions.
Triage Categorization
- Categorizing patients severity of injury/health condition.
- Emergent (Level 1): immediate threat, life threatening injury.
- Urgent (Level 2): serious injury, may die without immediate treatment.
- Non-urgent (Level 3): no immediate life-threatening issue.
- Minimal (Level 4): minor injury or condition.
Burns
- Tissue damage from exposure to heat, chemicals, radiation, or extreme cold.
- Types:
- Thermal: dry or moist heat (burns)
- Chemical: acids or bases
- Electrical: high voltage, direct current
- Classification: first-degree (epidermis), second-degree (deeper dermis), third-degree (full thickness).
- Management involves cooling, debridement, wound care, and fluid replacement.
Drowning
- Death from suffocation while submerged in a body of water.
- Classifications and prevention approaches.
- Types of drowning (active and passive) and resulting medical conditions.
Poisoning
- Ingestion of toxic substances.
- Types of poisoning (ingested, inhaled, injected, and absorbed)
- Prevention focuses on safety measures in homes and communities.
- Emergency treatment includes decontamination methods like gastric lavage.
Animal Bites/Stings
- Common causes.
- Prevention approaches and emergency care protocols.
Other Biological Dressings
- Include amniotic membrane, cultured skin, and artificial skin.
- Provide wound coverage and prevent infection.
Nursing Interventions During the Rehabilitation Phase
- Promote activities that patients can tolerate, to avoid overexertion
- Monitor for fatigue, fever and pain tolerance
- Improve body image and self-concept; refer to support groups.
Other Environmental Emergencies
- Heat-related illnesses (stroke) and their treatment approaches
- Respiratory problems caused by environmental exposures- their treatment approaches.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on first aid principles and pharmacological guidelines with this comprehensive quiz. Cover scenarios like providing care without consent, assessing patients, and understanding the use of medications. Perfect for healthcare professionals and students in medical fields.
