1.4

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the offensive tactical priority labeled as 'Life Safety'?

Control the fire spread

Ensure primary and secondary 'All Clear(s)' (correct)

Secure property from damage

Perform firefighter decontamination

During an initial size-up, which tool is considered essential for assessing fire conditions?

Hydraulic rescue tools

Firefighter gloves

Hand-held fire extinguisher

Thermal imaging camera (TIC) (correct)

What should be done if a full 360-degree assessment of the structure cannot be performed?

Only assess the front of the structure

Assume the fire is small and manageable

Command must announce the limitation in the Follow-Up Report (correct)

Proceed with entry without any assessment

Which of the following options is NOT part of the offensive tactical priorities?

Evacuation Procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of doing a 360-degree assessment of a fire scene?

To identify the best potential attack position Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might initial command be unable to perform a full 360-degree assessment?

If the building is larger or has a complex arrangement Signup and view all the answers

Among the tactical priorities, which one focuses on stopping the loss of property?

Loss Control/Property Conservation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Loss Stopped' refer to within the tactical priorities?

Success in preventing further property damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective when transitioning from an offensive to a defensive strategy?

To ensure the safe exit of all units in the hazard zone Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Exit the Structure' during a strategic shift?

A planned withdrawal of personnel and equipment Signup and view all the answers

What must be done immediately upon the announcement of a shift in strategy to defensive?

All interior units report their personnel accountability (PAR) Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct sequence of announcement for a change to a defensive strategy?

Clear Dispatch, Emergency Tones, Announcement Signup and view all the answers

In defensive operations, what is the first priority according to the content?

Personnel safety Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Abandon the Structure' imply during a strategic shift?

Leaving behind hoselines and equipment for a rapid exit Signup and view all the answers

What role do Division Officers play upon a strategic shift to defensive operations?

Account for their crews and notify Command Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor that must be considered in defensive fires?

Arrangement of the fire compartment and exposures Signup and view all the answers

What does the Risk Management Plan (RMP) primarily focus on during fire ground operations?

Choosing between offensive and defensive strategies Signup and view all the answers

When should command assume that an incident is an IDLH hazard zone?

Until proven otherwise Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the approach to risk levels in the RMP?

We will risk our lives a little to save properties Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary guiding principle for rescue operations in the hot zone?

To take a significantly higher level of risks based on evaluating the situation Signup and view all the answers

What assumption must be made at the beginning of an operational response according to the guidelines?

We can make a difference for our customers through standard operations Signup and view all the answers

What represents the conditions actions needs (CAN) in the incident command strategy?

Identifying and addressing operational challenges and necessities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the evaluation of the offensive/defensive strategy?

It should be continuously evaluated until the incident concludes Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a factor in the effective application of the Risk Management Plan?

Assumptions about the incident's public perception Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the Standard Engine/Quint Company?

Establish water supply Signup and view all the answers

Which task is specifically associated with the Standard Rescue Company?

Rescue/EMS/Triage Signup and view all the answers

Which function does the Public Information Officer (PIO) NOT perform?

Collect evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the Standard Deputy Fire Marshall (DFM) functions?

Interview homeowners/witnesses Signup and view all the answers

What helps reduce radio traffic on the fire ground?

Standard company operations Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the basic functions performed by Engine and Quint companies related to fire suppression?

Stretch hoselines Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is part of the Standard Rescue Company's responsibilities?

Phase 2 Rehab Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Engine/Quint companies?

Coordinate media response Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if a basement fire is confirmed during the 360 size-up?

Adjust the IAP to attack directly on the basement fire Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to evaluate the ventilation profile before offensive entry?

To assess changes in wind direction and fire conditions Signup and view all the answers

What should firefighters avoid when making an offensive attack on a fire?

Entering through an exhaust vent Signup and view all the answers

Which condition should firefighters ideally operate under when attacking a fire?

On the same level or below the fire Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'puffing' refer to when assessing ventilation?

The impact of high pressure on fire gases at openings Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons for conducting a 360-degree assessment?

To evaluate immediate life safety issues Signup and view all the answers

What strategic location should firefighters aim for when making an offensive entry?

An inlet or low pressure vent Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the initial incident commander (IC) identifies a basement fire?

Confirm the basement conditions before entry Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Risk Management

Fireground operations are categorized as Offensive or Defensive based on the Risk Management Plan (RMP)
All incidents are assumed to be an IDLH hazard zone until proven otherwise
The RMP outlines three levels of risk:
- Risk our lives a lot to save savable lives
- Risk our lives a little to save savable property
- Do NOT risk our lives at all for lost lives or property

Standard Company Functions

Assign fireground functions to companies based on capabilities
Companies are expected to perform all basic functions safely within the limits of their capabilities
Command is responsible for integrating company tasks and objectives

Standard Engine/Quint Company Functions

Size up the incident
Establish command
Fire control
Establish water supply
Stretch hoselines
Operate nozzles
Search, rescue, and treatment
Deploy ground ladders
Pump supply lines
Supply master streams
Loss Control Activities
Search and Rescue
Ventilation
Forcible Entry
Utility Control
Provide lighting
Deploy Aerial Devises (Quint)
Operate Aerial Master Streams (Quint)
Provide roof reports (Quint)

Standard Rescue Company Functions

Spot out of the way in a position to exit the scene with a victim/patient
Rescue/EMS/Triage
Utility control
Primary Search and Fire Control
Initial RIT
Loss Control Activities
Forcible Entry
Ventilation
Phase 1 Rehab/Phase 2 Rehab
Tender Operations
Brush Operations
Air Truck Operations
Transport

Standard DFM Functions

Spot out of the way and announce Level 1
Wait for command to make assignment
Interview homeowner/witnesses
Operate in the cold zone taking pictures and utilizing drone footage from PIO
Perform/complete cause and origin investigation once the incident is stabilized
Evidence collection and processing
Pass on pertinent information to command
Maintain scene custody/security
Property release back to the property owner when appropriate
Coordinate/Assist with other investigating agencies

Standard PIO Functions

Spot out of the way and announce arrival
Coordinate with command
Operate in the cold zone
Obtain photos of the incident via camera or aerial drone footage
Coordinate with responding media organizations

Offensive Tactical Priorities and Completion Benchmarks

Fire Control -- "Fire Control" (F/C)
Life Safety -- Primary and Secondary "All Clear(s)" (A/C)
Loss Control/Property Conservation -- "Loss Stopped" (L/S)
Post Fire Control Firefighter Decontamination (Decon)
Customer Stabilization -- Short Term

Offensive Attack Positioning and Performing 360's

Perform a 360-degree assessment of the fire building/area
The initial size-up and strategic decision made on the IRR is NOT an affidavit of the overall incident conditions

360 Assessment Objectives

Fire size, location, and extent
Verify basement type (if present) and stories from the Charlie side
Ventilation profile of the structure (identification of flow paths)
Identify the safest, most appropriate attack position
Life safety profile of the incident
Confirmation of the initial Strategy and IAP

Thermal Imaging Cameras (TIC)

Essential tool during the 360-degree assessment
TIC readings of the interior of the fire compartment should be obtained prior to committing crews to entry

Buildings Prohibiting 360 Assessment

Larger buildings
Long apartment/row house/town house complexes
Large strip malls

360 Assessment for Buildings Prohibiting Full Assessment

Command must state that a 360-degree assessment could not be performed due to the buildings’ size or arrangements
The Battalion Commander must ensure that a unit is assigned to assess any unviewed sides of the structure as soon as possible
Especially critical for structures with basements or sloping grade elevations

Confirming Basements

Initial command MUST confirm the presence of and conditions in the basement before making entry into the structure whenever possible
If the 360 size-up identifies/confirms basement involvement, the IAP must be re- adjusted to make the attack directly on the basement fire
Firefighters shall NOT make entry on a floor above a working basement fire
Always fight a basement fire on the same level of where the basement is located
Most often requires exterior water application through one of the basements horizontal openings

Assessing the Ventilation Profile

Assessment of the outside openings and determining the overall ventilation profile of the structure should be made before any offensive entry
Ventilation profile will change based on:
- Changes to wind direction and speed,
- Changes in fire conditions
- Water application
- Tactical ventilation performed by operating units
Puffing/alternating exhaust/inlet vent is a critical factor to evaluate

Identifying the Safest, Most Appropriate Attack Position

Major element of command’s IAP
Determine the safest location(s) for making an offensive attack
Quick hits (exterior water application) can improve interior conditions before entry into the fire area/structure
Avoid entering into an exhaust vent or flow path
Attempt to make an offensive entry from an inlet vent or neutral opening
Attempt to operate from the upwind side of the structure
Operate on the same level or below the fire whenever possible
Avoid working above a working fire

Transitioning from an Offensive to a Defensive Strategy

Command must immediately recognize situations where the offensive strategy doesn't solve the incident problem and conditions continue to deteriorate
Command must change strategies before the fire causes the building to collapse
Announce the change to a defensive strategy as follows:
- Clear Dispatch - Ask for Emergency Tones/Traffic
- Emergency Tones transmitted
- Announce to all units: "Command to all units on the fireground, we are Shifting to a defensive strategy"
- All units either "Exit" or "Abandon" the structure
- Command will make the decision based on critical factors prompting the change
- All interior units report PAR's upon exit
- Dispatch/Alarms repeats Emergency Traffic report verbatim

Exit vs Abandon the Structure

"Exit the Structure" is defined as an orderly withdrawal where interior lines and equipment are withdrawn and repositioned when changing to a defensive strategy
"Abandon the Structure" is defined as an emergency retreat where all hoselines and heavy equipment are left in place, and all members in the hazard zone exit the structure as quickly and safely as possible

Command's Greatest Priority Once a Strategic Shift Has Been Initiated

The safe exit of all units located in the hazard zone
Level 1 Staged units and other units working outside of the hazard zone maintain radio silence until all PAR's have been tallied on all interior units
Company officers account for their crews and advise their Division Officer or Command on the status of their crew upon exiting
Division Officers notify Command of the status of the individual crews assigned to them upon their exit

Exposure Protection -- Strategic Separation

Arrangement becomes a major critical factor with defensive fires
The way the main fire compartment/area is arranged to its neighboring exposures will dictate operating positions on a defensive emergency scene
All exposures, both immediate and anticipated, must be identified and protected
The first priority in defensive operations is personnel safety; the second is exposure protection

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in fireground operations, focusing on the Risk Management Plan (RMP) and standard company functions. You will explore each level of risk associated with incident response and understand the responsibilities of fire companies at the scene. Test your knowledge on effective tactics and safety protocols in emergency situations.

1.4

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