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What is the primary focus of the offensive tactical priority labeled as 'Life Safety'?
During an initial size-up, which tool is considered essential for assessing fire conditions?
What should be done if a full 360-degree assessment of the structure cannot be performed?
Which of the following options is NOT part of the offensive tactical priorities?
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What is the main purpose of doing a 360-degree assessment of a fire scene?
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In what situation might initial command be unable to perform a full 360-degree assessment?
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Among the tactical priorities, which one focuses on stopping the loss of property?
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What does the term 'Loss Stopped' refer to within the tactical priorities?
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What is the primary objective when transitioning from an offensive to a defensive strategy?
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What is meant by 'Exit the Structure' during a strategic shift?
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What must be done immediately upon the announcement of a shift in strategy to defensive?
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Which is the correct sequence of announcement for a change to a defensive strategy?
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In defensive operations, what is the first priority according to the content?
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What does 'Abandon the Structure' imply during a strategic shift?
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What role do Division Officers play upon a strategic shift to defensive operations?
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What is a critical factor that must be considered in defensive fires?
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What does the Risk Management Plan (RMP) primarily focus on during fire ground operations?
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When should command assume that an incident is an IDLH hazard zone?
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Which statement correctly describes the approach to risk levels in the RMP?
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What is the primary guiding principle for rescue operations in the hot zone?
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What assumption must be made at the beginning of an operational response according to the guidelines?
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What represents the conditions actions needs (CAN) in the incident command strategy?
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Which of the following is true regarding the evaluation of the offensive/defensive strategy?
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What is NOT a factor in the effective application of the Risk Management Plan?
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What is a primary function of the Standard Engine/Quint Company?
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Which task is specifically associated with the Standard Rescue Company?
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Which function does the Public Information Officer (PIO) NOT perform?
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What is one of the Standard Deputy Fire Marshall (DFM) functions?
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What helps reduce radio traffic on the fire ground?
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What is one of the basic functions performed by Engine and Quint companies related to fire suppression?
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Which activity is part of the Standard Rescue Company's responsibilities?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the Engine/Quint companies?
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What is the recommended action if a basement fire is confirmed during the 360 size-up?
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Why is it critical to evaluate the ventilation profile before offensive entry?
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What should firefighters avoid when making an offensive attack on a fire?
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Which condition should firefighters ideally operate under when attacking a fire?
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What does the term 'puffing' refer to when assessing ventilation?
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What is one of the primary reasons for conducting a 360-degree assessment?
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What strategic location should firefighters aim for when making an offensive entry?
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What should be done if the initial incident commander (IC) identifies a basement fire?
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Study Notes
Risk Management
- Fireground operations are categorized as Offensive or Defensive based on the Risk Management Plan (RMP)
- All incidents are assumed to be an IDLH hazard zone until proven otherwise
- The RMP outlines three levels of risk:
- Risk our lives a lot to save savable lives
- Risk our lives a little to save savable property
- Do NOT risk our lives at all for lost lives or property
Standard Company Functions
- Assign fireground functions to companies based on capabilities
- Companies are expected to perform all basic functions safely within the limits of their capabilities
- Command is responsible for integrating company tasks and objectives
Standard Engine/Quint Company Functions
- Size up the incident
- Establish command
- Fire control
- Establish water supply
- Stretch hoselines
- Operate nozzles
- Search, rescue, and treatment
- Deploy ground ladders
- Pump supply lines
- Supply master streams
- Loss Control Activities
- Search and Rescue
- Ventilation
- Forcible Entry
- Utility Control
- Provide lighting
- Deploy Aerial Devises (Quint)
- Operate Aerial Master Streams (Quint)
- Provide roof reports (Quint)
Standard Rescue Company Functions
- Spot out of the way in a position to exit the scene with a victim/patient
- Rescue/EMS/Triage
- Utility control
- Primary Search and Fire Control
- Initial RIT
- Loss Control Activities
- Forcible Entry
- Ventilation
- Phase 1 Rehab/Phase 2 Rehab
- Tender Operations
- Brush Operations
- Air Truck Operations
- Transport
Standard DFM Functions
- Spot out of the way and announce Level 1
- Wait for command to make assignment
- Interview homeowner/witnesses
- Operate in the cold zone taking pictures and utilizing drone footage from PIO
- Perform/complete cause and origin investigation once the incident is stabilized
- Evidence collection and processing
- Pass on pertinent information to command
- Maintain scene custody/security
- Property release back to the property owner when appropriate
- Coordinate/Assist with other investigating agencies
Standard PIO Functions
- Spot out of the way and announce arrival
- Coordinate with command
- Operate in the cold zone
- Obtain photos of the incident via camera or aerial drone footage
- Coordinate with responding media organizations
Offensive Tactical Priorities and Completion Benchmarks
- Fire Control -- "Fire Control" (F/C)
- Life Safety -- Primary and Secondary "All Clear(s)" (A/C)
- Loss Control/Property Conservation -- "Loss Stopped" (L/S)
- Post Fire Control Firefighter Decontamination (Decon)
- Customer Stabilization -- Short Term
Offensive Attack Positioning and Performing 360's
- Perform a 360-degree assessment of the fire building/area
- The initial size-up and strategic decision made on the IRR is NOT an affidavit of the overall incident conditions
360 Assessment Objectives
- Fire size, location, and extent
- Verify basement type (if present) and stories from the Charlie side
- Ventilation profile of the structure (identification of flow paths)
- Identify the safest, most appropriate attack position
- Life safety profile of the incident
- Confirmation of the initial Strategy and IAP
Thermal Imaging Cameras (TIC)
- Essential tool during the 360-degree assessment
- TIC readings of the interior of the fire compartment should be obtained prior to committing crews to entry
Buildings Prohibiting 360 Assessment
- Larger buildings
- Long apartment/row house/town house complexes
- Large strip malls
360 Assessment for Buildings Prohibiting Full Assessment
- Command must state that a 360-degree assessment could not be performed due to the buildings’ size or arrangements
- The Battalion Commander must ensure that a unit is assigned to assess any unviewed sides of the structure as soon as possible
- Especially critical for structures with basements or sloping grade elevations
Confirming Basements
- Initial command MUST confirm the presence of and conditions in the basement before making entry into the structure whenever possible
- If the 360 size-up identifies/confirms basement involvement, the IAP must be re- adjusted to make the attack directly on the basement fire
- Firefighters shall NOT make entry on a floor above a working basement fire
- Always fight a basement fire on the same level of where the basement is located
- Most often requires exterior water application through one of the basements horizontal openings
Assessing the Ventilation Profile
- Assessment of the outside openings and determining the overall ventilation profile of the structure should be made before any offensive entry
- Ventilation profile will change based on:
- Changes to wind direction and speed,
- Changes in fire conditions
- Water application
- Tactical ventilation performed by operating units
- Puffing/alternating exhaust/inlet vent is a critical factor to evaluate
Identifying the Safest, Most Appropriate Attack Position
- Major element of command’s IAP
- Determine the safest location(s) for making an offensive attack
- Quick hits (exterior water application) can improve interior conditions before entry into the fire area/structure
- Avoid entering into an exhaust vent or flow path
- Attempt to make an offensive entry from an inlet vent or neutral opening
- Attempt to operate from the upwind side of the structure
- Operate on the same level or below the fire whenever possible
- Avoid working above a working fire
Transitioning from an Offensive to a Defensive Strategy
- Command must immediately recognize situations where the offensive strategy doesn't solve the incident problem and conditions continue to deteriorate
- Command must change strategies before the fire causes the building to collapse
- Announce the change to a defensive strategy as follows:
- Clear Dispatch - Ask for Emergency Tones/Traffic
- Emergency Tones transmitted
- Announce to all units: "Command to all units on the fireground, we are Shifting to a defensive strategy"
- All units either "Exit" or "Abandon" the structure
- Command will make the decision based on critical factors prompting the change
- All interior units report PAR's upon exit
- Dispatch/Alarms repeats Emergency Traffic report verbatim
Exit vs Abandon the Structure
- "Exit the Structure" is defined as an orderly withdrawal where interior lines and equipment are withdrawn and repositioned when changing to a defensive strategy
- "Abandon the Structure" is defined as an emergency retreat where all hoselines and heavy equipment are left in place, and all members in the hazard zone exit the structure as quickly and safely as possible
Command's Greatest Priority Once a Strategic Shift Has Been Initiated
- The safe exit of all units located in the hazard zone
- Level 1 Staged units and other units working outside of the hazard zone maintain radio silence until all PAR's have been tallied on all interior units
- Company officers account for their crews and advise their Division Officer or Command on the status of their crew upon exiting
- Division Officers notify Command of the status of the individual crews assigned to them upon their exit
Exposure Protection -- Strategic Separation
- Arrangement becomes a major critical factor with defensive fires
- The way the main fire compartment/area is arranged to its neighboring exposures will dictate operating positions on a defensive emergency scene
- All exposures, both immediate and anticipated, must be identified and protected
- The first priority in defensive operations is personnel safety; the second is exposure protection
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in fireground operations, focusing on the Risk Management Plan (RMP) and standard company functions. You will explore each level of risk associated with incident response and understand the responsibilities of fire companies at the scene. Test your knowledge on effective tactics and safety protocols in emergency situations.
