Firefighting Tactics Chapter 6

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Questions and Answers

What does the acronym 'RECEO-VS' stand for in tactical operations?

Rescue, Exclusions, Containment, Extinguishment, Overhaul-Ventilation, Salvage

Rescue, Exclusions, Containment, Extinguish, Overhaul, Security

Rescue, Exposures, Containment, Extinguish, Overhaul-Ventilation, Salvage (correct)

Rescue, Evacuations, Containment, Extinguishing, Oversight-Ventilation, Salvage

Which of the following is NOT considered a tactical priority during search and rescue operations?

Assisting victims who self-evacuate (correct)

Confinement of the incident

Finding victims in the hazard area

Separating victims from the hazard

What is the primary strategic objective of search and rescue operations in fire incidents?

Effective communication

Property conservation

Life safety (correct)

Incident stabilization

Which tactical action might a department take to protect structures during a fire incident?

Salvage of property Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would victims most likely choose to shelter in place during a fire?

When fire spread is imminent Signup and view all the answers

What role does situational awareness play for an Incident Commander (IC) during search and rescue operations?

It helps in completing a risk/benefit analysis and assigning tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fire behavior indicator that an IC should recognize?

Smoke leaving the building in puffs. Signup and view all the answers

What should an Incident Commander consider before committing to search and rescue efforts?

Visual cues and fire growth projections. Signup and view all the answers

During search and rescue operations, how can closing a door help the situation?

It creates a barrier to heat, smoke, and toxic gases. Signup and view all the answers

What factors can influence the number of search teams required during an operation?

The size and complexity of the structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial first step for the initial Incident Commander (IC) in a rescue situation?

Conduct a size-up, including a 360-degree view Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline should search teams follow to ensure effective communication during operations?

Consistently communicate their status and participate in PAR updates Signup and view all the answers

What does the VEIS acronym stand for in the context of search operations?

Ventilate, Enter, Isolate, Search Signup and view all the answers

During a primary search, what is the primary focus of the team?

To locate victims in the most dangerous areas quickly Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the two-in, two-out rule?

To maintain adequate staffing for fire suppression and rescue operations Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored and reported by search teams to keep the IC informed?

Changes in fire conditions and victim viability Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary requirement before conducting a secondary search in a building?

The IC should evaluate building conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial when the IC assigns areas to search in a building?

The survival profile of occupants. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the lead firefighter in the wide-area search method?

To carry a rope bag containing the search line. Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows for a thorough search of a larger area filled with smoke?

Wide-Area Search Method. Signup and view all the answers

What must search team members do if they move off the search line during a wide-area search?

Maintain voice contact with the navigator. Signup and view all the answers

What communication method should search teams maintain with the IC during a search?

Regular progress reports via radio. Signup and view all the answers

What does the oriented search method rely on for team coordination?

An anchored position maintained by the team leader. Signup and view all the answers

Why should personnel wear SCBA while conducting a secondary search?

To protect against dangerous gases. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'V' in the VEIS method represent?

Ventilate the opening to allow access Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is NOT appropriate for using the VEIS method?

A room showing signs of flashover Signup and view all the answers

Why is air monitoring critical in search operations?

To assess fire conditions over a larger area Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when separating victims from hazards?

To ensure they are in a safe location Signup and view all the answers

What should the incident commander assess when notified of a victim's location?

The need for additional rescue resources Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of improper ventilation in relation to fire dynamics?

Increased risk of backdraft Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions falls under the concept of 'internal exposures'?

Uninvolved rooms in the building Signup and view all the answers

When ventilating a structure, what is a primary concern with regards to fire spread?

Increasing the risk of flashover in nearby rooms Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before using the VEIS method?

Assess the fire conditions thoroughly Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate action to take after locating victims during a search?

Communicate with the incident commander Signup and view all the answers

What does effective confinement in firefighting primarily aim to address?

Controlling the spread of heat and smoke Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when determining confinement tactics during a structural fire?

Color of the smoke Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by smoke exiting under pressure with a defined neutral plane?

The fire is located on the same level as the smoke Signup and view all the answers

When extinguishing a fire, what is crucial for personnel to focus on?

Applying the extinguishing agent directly to the seat of the fire Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a tactic for effective fire extinguishment?

Removing the fire hazard completely Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for protecting exterior exposures during a fire?

Applying water or foam extinguishing agents Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence fire spread from involved structures to exterior exposures?

Presence of fire extinguishers inside the building Signup and view all the answers

How can tactical ventilation limit smoke movement within a structure?

By controlling airflow through closed openings Signup and view all the answers

What is one method to control interior exposures effectively?

Closing doors or setting barriers between fire areas Signup and view all the answers

In the context of exposure protection, what does 'size-up' entail?

Assessing the situation for risk and resources Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective way to prevent the spread of fire to exterior exposures?

Suppressing the fire at its source Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is considered passive exposure protection?

Fire-rated walls and doors Signup and view all the answers

What role does nonstructural exposure play in fire spread?

They may act as fuel sources and increase fire risk Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken to isolate avenues of fire spread?

Locate and isolate combustible materials Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines the configuration of interior exposures?

Arrangement of compartments and contents Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tactics Overview

Tactics are derived from strategic objectives, guiding how to accomplish goals on the fireground.
According to NIMS, tactics involve the deployment and direction of resources, including operational assignments and procedures.
Focus areas for tactics include life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.

Tactical Priorities

Key tactical operations:
- Search and Rescue
- Exposure Protection
- Confinement
- Extinguishment
- Tactical Ventilation
- Overhaul
- Decontamination
- Salvage/Property Conservation
The acronym "RECEO-VS" represents Rescue, Exposures, Containment, Extinguish, Overhaul-Ventilation, and Salvage.

Search and Rescue Operations

Life safety is the highest priority; Search and Rescue (SAR) operations are critical during structure fires.
SAR includes locating victims and providing safe removal from hazardous areas.
Victims may shelter in place, necessitating strategic search decisions by Incident Commanders (ICs).

Aggressive SAR Practices

Essential for first-arriving units; relies on knowledge of fire behavior and situational awareness to guide risk assessments and tasks.
Fire behavior indicators include:
- Smoke patterns (e.g., puffs of smoke, density changes)
- Visible fire presence and conditions like stained windows and heat signs.

Safe Havens

Safe havens offer temporary refuge, often behind closed doors, helping to shield occupants from heat and smoke.
Firefighters should identify potential safe havens during SAR operations.

Incident Command and Determinations

ICs assess fire conditions and building characteristics to make informed decisions on search and rescue prioritization.
The number of search teams is influenced by factors like structure complexity and urgency.
Coordination between search, attack, and ventilation teams is vital.

Rescue Considerations for IC

Evaluate crew safety through a risk versus reward analysis.
Conduct a 360-degree size-up for situational awareness.
Utilize the VEIS method for effective exterior building searches.

Search Methodologies

Primary Search: Rapid and thorough search in at-risk areas, typically before or during the fire suppression efforts.
Secondary Search: Conducted post-extinguishment to double-check for unaccounted occupants.
Oriented Search Method: Team leader anchors at the entry point while members search designated areas.
Wide-Area Search Method: Thorough strategy involving a dedicated search line requires higher supervision and specialized training.

Exposure Protection Insights

Exposure protection involves preventing fires from spreading to adjacent structures or areas, both external and internal.
Significant risk factors include wind conditions, fire type, and building construction.
Control efforts should include removing endangered people and cooling exposed surfaces.

Confinement Strategies

Confinement focuses on preventing fire spread and relies on insights into building configuration and fire behavior.
Factors influencing confinement decisions: building type, existence of fire protection systems, and specific fire conditions.

Extinguishment Process

Extinguishment is essential for both rescue and structural integrity, focusing on applying agents directly to the fire seat.
Understanding fire behavior principles—radiation, conduction, and convection—help inform effective extinguishment tactics.

Conclusion

ICs must adapt and modify tactics based on real-time analysis, prioritizing life safety and effective communication throughout the incident response.### Modern Building Construction
Understanding modern construction materials is crucial for firefighters to identify potential hazards during structural fires.
Changes in construction techniques over time must be recognized to effectively combat fires.

Construction of Truss Systems

Truss systems are a common feature in residential and commercial building construction.
Familiarity with the unique characteristics of truss construction can assist firefighters in assessing structural stability during a fire.

Firefighting Content Overview

Key topics include combustion, fire extinguishing agents, hazardous materials, ventilation, and search and rescue operations.

Truss System Attack

Firefighters need awareness of truss system vulnerabilities to execute effective firefighting strategies.

Cooling Techniques

Master Stream Utilization

Proper water application techniques are essential, as random fire streams do not effectively cool fuels or surroundings.
Conducting a correct 3D water application will successfully vaporize water droplets.

Tactical Considerations

Firefighters should avoid standing directly in line with openings when applying water to prevent injury from heat and smoke.
Training is vital for developing skills in fire stream management; experience alone is insufficient.

Nozzle Reaction

Smooth Bore Nozzle Reaction Formula:
- [ NR = \dfrac{D^2 \times NP}{3} ]
- NR is nozzle reaction (pounds), D is nozzle tip diameter (eighths of an inch), NP is nozzle pressure (psi).
Automatic/Adjustable Gallonage Nozzle Reaction Formula:
- [ NR = \dfrac{GPM \sqrt{NP}}{3} ]
- NR is nozzle reaction (pounds), GPM is flow (gallons per minute), NP is nozzle pressure (psi).
Example calculation: A 15/16-inch smooth bore nozzle at 50 psi generates about 69 pounds of nozzle reaction.

Master Stream Devices

Master stream devices provide significant water flow to combat fires, coordinated with the Incident Commander.
Utilization of these devices allows firefighters to stay out of potential collapse zones.
A spotter should be present when using aerial master streams to ensure effective and safe operations.

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Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 6 of firefighting tactics, outlining the roles of the Company Officer and Incident Commander in implementing strategies on the fireground. It highlights the principles set forth by the National Incident Management System (NIMS) regarding the deployment of resources and adapts tactics as necessary for effective operations.