Ch 6 pg 152-156

A standard that sets guidelines for fire department hose and nozzle pressures.

65 psi at the top-floor outlet.

Increased maximum allowable pressure at 2 1/2-inch outlets to 175 psi.

100 psi at 2 1/2-inch outlets, 65 psi with 1 1/2-inch threads.

100 psi minimum is barely enough using 2 1/2-inch hose for a solid-nozzle application.

Modern fire codes require longer hose lengths for buildings, typically 200 or 250 feet, compared to the previous 100 feet.

Previously, smaller hoses (1 3/4-inch or 2-inch) were considered sufficient for residential buildings. However, recent catastrophic fires have shown that larger hoses (2 1/2-inch) are necessary.

Nozzles requiring more than 50 psi may cause pressure issues, especially in older buildings with limited water pressure.

Solid tip nozzles are preferred for standpipe operations because they function at lower pressures (40 psi) and are less susceptible to clogging by debris.

A low-pressure (50 psi) nozzle is essential for effective firefighting operations in standpipes, especially on higher floors.

A low-pressure nozzle, typically operating at 50 PSI, is usually sufficient for standpipe operations, especially on upper floors.

Solid tip nozzles are preferred for standpipe use because they can readily pass through rust and scale that often flow from standpipes.

The FDNY mandates that the first line operated from a standpipe should be a 2 1/2-inch hose with a solid tip nozzle.

A fog nozzle can be used to ventilate a fire area after it has been extinguished, although it is not always necessary for standpipe operations.

All nozzles used in standpipe operations should have a break-apart design with 1 1/2-inch hose threads, allowing a 1 3/4-inch hose to be connected to the 2 1/2-inch line when needed.

A pipe wrench is needed to tighten or loosen the operating wheel of a standpipe outlet valve, often removed by vandalism.

A spanner wrench is used to connect hoses to standpipes. It often helps with adapting different thread sizes on the outlet.

Hose thread adaptors are necessary when the standpipe outlet has threads different from those on the fire hose.

Standpipes sometimes have unique thread sizes (like iron pipe threads) on the outlet, requiring adaptors to connect standard fire hoses.

Vandalism can damage standpipe outlet valves, sometimes removing the operating wheel, making the valve unusable.

A small wrench designed to fit around a 2½-inch coupling, specifically used for standpipe operations. It helps in removing obstacles and tightening couplings.

These are wedge-shaped pieces of wood used to prevent fire hoses from getting stuck under doors during building searches. They ensure smooth hose deployment.

These markers are placed over doorknobs to prevent doors from latching, indicating that a search is underway. They ensure doors remain open during searches, preventing accidental entrapment.

A policy that designates the use of straps over doorknobs to indicate whether a room has been thoroughly searched. This visual system helps avoid duplicate searches.

The process of utilizing standpipes to bring water to higher floors during a fire. It usually involves overcoming obstacles like coupling issues, requiring tools to remove them.

Tools used to break into locked or blocked doors or windows to gain access to a building during a fire. These include an axe, a Halligan tool, and a K-tool.

Essential equipment brought to the fire floor includes forcible entry tools, a handlight, two portable radios, and a minimum of a 2 1/2-gallon water extinguisher.

A 6-foot pike pole can be used to vent windows in early-stage fires, allowing smoke and heat to escape and improving visibility.

For fires above the 6th floor, a team of four firefighters can carry equipment to the fire floor: hose, standpipe equipment, forcible-entry tools, extinguisher, thermal imager, and a handlight.

Firefighters can use elevators to reach floors above the 7th floor, but if the fire is below the 7th floor, they should use the stairs.

A device that combines multiple hose lines into a single larger line for increased water flow.

An auxiliary connection point on a standpipe system for fire hoses, typically located on lower floors.

A connector with two female ends that allows adding multiple hoses to a single line.

Valves that adjust water pressure to maintain a set level, shutting down when pressure increases.

Insufficient water flow through the Siamese connection, causing low pressure or other issues.

Identifying when a pump churns water but little or no flow occurs. This is indicated by comparing intake and discharge pressures, with a significant drop in intake pressure meaning substantial flow and little or no drop indicating low flow.

The initial pressure required at the discharge point of a pump, typically 100 psi plus 5 psi per story above ground level for standpipe systems, with higher pressures for fog nozzles.

The decrease in pressure as water flows through hoses and piping, caused by resistance from the internal surfaces. Larger diameter hoses have less friction loss.

Fog nozzles require higher starting pressures than solid-tip nozzles due to their design and the creation of a finer water mist.

Standpipe systems in high-rise buildings require specific pump pressures, typically 150 psi for solid-tip nozzles and 200 psi for fog nozzles on the first 10 floors.