Minimum Hose Inventory

• Each engine company will have a minimum hose inventory consisting of:
• 6” Soft Intake: 25’
• 5”: 1000 feet
• 2 ½”: 1000 feet
• 1" Booster Line: 200 feet
• 10 ft hard suction: 2 (Two) sections
• High Rise Pack: 195' of 2 ½” HR hose and 2 (Two) 200 foot
• Pre-Connected 1 ¾”/1.88” crosslays
• 1 ¾”/1.88” attack hoselines: length per company captain
• Wildland Hose: 200’ of 1” hose
• Apartment Pack: 100’ of 1 ¾” hose

5” Hose

• Primary supply hose uses 5” hose fitted with Storz quarter-turn couplings
• All 5” hose is loaded flat in the hose bed
• Couplings can be placed randomly but must be staggered so they do not flip during layout
• A rope “hydrant loop” with a hydrant wrench and two 5” spanner wrenches must be available for laying a supply line
• When connecting 5” hose to the intake valve, avoiding right-hand twists prevents uncoupling during charging
• When laying out a hose clamp, it must be near a coupling on the supply side
• When charged, the 5” hose must extend horizontally and clamped at least 25’ back from the tail board
• Supply lines connected to a hydrant at incident scenes are 5” or larger
• When loosening the hose clamp, do not position yourself on the hinge side of the clamp.
• The engineer directs the opening of the hydrant by portable radio or signaling with arms extended over the head when the engine can be seen from the hydrant
• Use a runner if other methods are impractical

5” Hose Usage

• Crossing 5” hose SHALL ONLY BE DONE IN AN EMERGENCY, in a manner that minimizes damage
• Lay 5” hose to avoid vehicle paths
• Any crossing should be at an angle, not straight on
• Only permit vehicles with high ground clearance to cross

5” Hose Cautions

• No apparatus should drive over a 5” hose coupling
• 5” hose has less friction loss than 2 ½” hose but limitations do exist
• 1200 GPM flow has 10 PSI friction loss per 100' section of 5” hose
• 1600 GPM is the practical volume limit of 5” hose
• If a full bed load of 5” hose is used to supply an attack engine, an additional engine should “hook-up” to the hydrant and relay pump the supply line
• 5” hose lays requiring multiple bed loads may require several in-line relay engines in addition to the engine at the hydrant
• Pumping 5” hose requires two-stage pumps to be operated in VOLUME
• Maintain a minimum of 10 PSI residual pressure and never exceed 200 PSI PDP

Storz Adapters and Appliances

• 6” Ball Intake Valve (BIV) with 5” Storz connection
• 6” Piston Intake Valve (PIV) with 5” Storz connection
• Front Intake has 5” piping outfitted with 6” female to 5” Storz connection
• The 6” Ball intake valve (BIV) will flow in excess of 2000 GPM and is capable of drafting if outfitted with the proper adapter

Storz Adapters

• 4” female to 5” Storz adapter is located on the LDH discharge valve
• 4 ½” female to 5” Storz adapter is a standard JFRD hydrant connection normally installed on 5” hose in the hose bed
• 2 ½” female to 5” Storz adapter connects 5” hose to the 2 ½” outlet on a hydrant
• 5” Storz to 6” male adapter is a vacuum rated adapter to allow connection of hard suction or 6” soft intake hose to a BIV, painted Red and equipped with vacuum rated gasket

2 ½” Hose

• 2 ½” hose shall be loaded in the hose bed with the male coupling out (on top).
• This hose is versatile and can be used for a variety of applications:
  • FDC – to supply a sprinkler or standpipe systems.
  • Master Stream – to supply the ground monitor and mini-monitor.
  • Handline – High Volume handline for large fires and may also be used to supply a gated wye.
  • Supply - to transfer water between apparatus on scene.

2 ½” Pre-connected Handline

• Rapid Deployment, up to 300GPM
• Relatively short lengths (200’ or less) may be a limiting factor for large area structures

2 ½” Static Load

• Ability to carry several hundred feet of hose so the proper length can be deployed
• The engineer must break the coupling and connect to the desired discharge outlet

2 ½” Standard Hose Adapters and Appliances

• 2 ½” Double Male
• 2 ½” Double Female

2 ½” x 1 ½” Gated Wye

• Every engine company should carry at least two – one on the front bumper discharge and one with the apartment pack

2 ½” Siamese

• Joins two 2 ½” hose lines together to form one hose line
• Augments the FDC to increase sprinkler or standpipe flow and can be used during a modified tanker shuttle

2 ½” Smooth Bore Nozzle

• This stacked tip nozzle operates at 50 PSI nozzle pressure (NP).
• 1”: 200 GPM
• 1 ⅛”: 250 GPM
• 1 ¼”: 300 GPM
• The maximum safe flow through a 2 ½” handline is 300 GPM
• To compensate for friction loss in 2 ½” handlines add 10 PSI per 100’ to the PDP and works for fog streams or smooth bore nozzles

Akron Turbojet 2 ½” Fog Nozzle

• Operates at 100 PSI NP with an adjustable flow range of 125, 150, 200 and 250 GPM
• Has a "break-apart" feature allowing 1 ¾” hose to be extended from the playpipe
• Rotating the bumper fully clockwise will shut off the nozzle even if the bale is open

1 ¾”/JFRD Spec 1.88” Hose and Nozzles

• 1 ¾”/JFRD Spec 1.88” hose loaded in a pre-connected manner is the “bread and butter” attack line of the JFRD

Akron Turbojet Nozzle

• Has five settings from 30-200 GPM
• JFRD recommends the 95, 125, or 150 GPM setting for initial interior firefighting
• Always check the GPM setting at the beginning of your shift and prior to use
• Be sure to add 5 PSI PDP per floor when operating above ground level
• There are two pressure variants of the Akron Turbojet nozzle
• Most engine companies carry the 75 PSI model and the Hazardous Materials Team carries the 100 PSI model
• Understand both nozzle pressure (NP) and pump discharge pressure (PDP)
• PDP = Nozzle Pressure + Friction Loss

Akron Turbojet (75 PSI) Fog Nozzle

• An initial PDP of 110 PSI will allow the nozzle operator to select 95, 125 or 150 GPM on the nozzle and attain this flow
• A desired flow of 200 GPM requires an increase in PDP from 110 PSI to 150 PSI, with two firefighters may be required for safe handling

Akron Turbojet (100 PSI) Fog Nozzle

• A pump discharge pressure of 135 PSI will allow the nozzle operator to select 95, 125 or 150 GPM on the nozzle and attain this flow
• The nozzle operator can change the GPM setting with no adjustment in PDP required
• A desired flow of 200 GPM requires an increase in PDP from 135 PSI to 175 PSI, with two firefighters may be required for safe handling
• There is a greater tendency for handlines to kink when used with the 75 PSI nozzle
• A quick remedy is to increase the initial PDP when charging, then reduce to the recommended PDP
• If the nozzle operator experiences a sudden PSI loss while advancing, suspect a kinked line
• All firefighters on scene shall be watchful for kinks and assist in feeding hose into and inside a structure
• If hose kinks become frequent the engineer can boost PDP by 10-25 PSI

Akron SaberJet Nozzle

• This 1 ¾” nozzle has a dual position bale allowing the nozzle operator to select a fog or solid stream
• The fog ranges from a narrow angle to a wide angle and cannot produce a straight stream
• The smooth bore can be configured for 7/8” or 15/16" tip and it cannot flow both fog and solid streams simultaneously

Akron SaberJet Settings

• The solid stream setting will flow:
  • 150 GPM at 50 PSI NP (7/8”)
  • 180 GPM at 50 PSI NP (15/16”)
• The fog stream setting will flow:
  • 135 GPM at 100 PSI NP
• A PDP of 125 PSI will produce the above flows with 150’ or 200’ of hose
• When the solid stream is selected this nozzle may require two firefighters for safe control
• If less volume is sufficient, this nozzle produces a quality fog and solid stream at lower pressures that can be handled by one firefighter
• The nozzle operator can change from fog to solid and back with no PDP adjustment required because the change in GPM results in a corresponding change in friction loss (friction loss increases by 40-50 PSI when changing from fog to solid stream)

Cross Lays

• All Cross lays should be equipped with 10’ short sections at the discharge pipe
• These sections are useful when extending a line or placing a foam eductor in-line

Booster Line

• Each engine carries 200’ of 1” booster hose that is used for small fires, wildland fires, or overhaul
• Each Booster Hose is equipped with a 1” Akron Turbojet Nozzle with the GPM settings (13, 25, 40 and 60 GPM) at 100 PSI

Pumping Caution

• Sustained high pressure combined with low pumping volume can contribute to high pump temperature and impeller damage

Hard Suction Hose

• All engines carry two 10 foot sections of hard suction hose
• One heavy-duty hose and one drafting hose with Each hose having 6" threads to match the steamer connection
• Heavy-duty hose is for drafting or connection to a hydrant and is heavy, not very flexible, and difficult to maneuver
• The 6” to 4 ½” adapter and 6” to 2 ½” adapter permit the heavy-duty suction hose to be connected to a hydrant
• The drafting hose is lightweight and flexible but is for drafting only and cannot be pressurized
• Each engine shall be equipped with a barrel-style strainer and rope for drafting from a natural static source

Low Level Strainer

• Two types of low-level strainers are in use to facilitate drafting from tanker basins
• Each tanker carries a strainer with 4 ½” threads and also attached to this strainer is a 4 ½” double male adapter allowing a direct connection to 4 ½” hard suction hose carried by tankers
• Connecting to 6” hard suction requires a 4 ½” to 6” adapter (also carried by tankers)
• The newer type of strainer is carried by Tankers and some Engines, is red, has 6” threads, is lightweight and may need to be weighted down in a tanker basin

Soft Intake hose

• All engines should be equipped with a 6” soft intake hose that is red in color and 25 ft. in length
• This hose will flow in excess of 2000 GPM when connected to a Ball Intake Valve (BIV) or directly to the steamer intakes

Apartment Packs

• Each Engine Company shall maintain 100’ of 1 ¾” hose, loaded in shoulder packs
• These packs shall be equipped with a 2 ½” x 1 ½” gated wye and a nozzle

High Rise Packs

• Each Engine company shall carry the following equipment:
• Three - 65’ sections of JFRD “High Rise Spec” 2 ½” Hose (Loaded in shoulder packs)
• One - 2 ½” lightweight nozzle equipped the following way: Bail shut off, mini stream shaper, short stack tips (size 1 ⅛” and ½” low flow)
• A ½” low flow tip will flow 40 GPM at 30 PSI
• High Rise Bag, consisting of 2 ½” in-line pressure gauge, 2 ½” gate/ball valve, 2 ½” Lightweight elbow, 1 ½” x 2 ½” increaser, 1 ½” Fog Nozzle, 2 spanner wrenches, marking device, 6 door wedges, 6 inner tube latch straps, 6 disposable glow sticks, 14-18” pipe wrench, flat blade screwdriver, Phillips head screwdriver, Allen wrenches, 6-8” crescent wrench

Distributor Nozzles

• Ladder companies carry distributor (attic) nozzles that can be placed into an attic space from the floor below
• These include 1 ½” and 2 ½” nozzles, two lengths of 1 ½” aluminum pipe (6’ and 2’), a 1 ½” x 2 ½” increaser and a standard 2 ½” playpipe
• These nozzles cover up to 1000 sq. ft. of attic space and flow 115 GPM (1 ½”) and 395-495 GPM (2 ½”) at 100 PSI
• The attic nozzle is an excellent tool for fires located in the attic space and is ideal for fires caused by lightning strikes
• Ladder Companies also carry a third distributor nozzle (bottom) designed for use as a cellar nozzle that will flow 500 GPM at 50 PSI and cover up to 1250 sq. ft. of area

Foam and Foam Equipment

• JFRD engines and tankers are equipped with class A and class B foam concentrates and proportioning appliances to deliver finished foam (air, water and foam concentrate solution)
• The JFRD also maintains an extensive foam inventory and large delivery devices carried by the JFRD Hazmat Team

Class A Foam

• Class A foam is primarily used for wildland fires, dumpster fires, junkyard fires and during overhaul
• Class A foam is a wetting agent that breaks the surface tension of water, permitting greater penetration of water into Class A fuels and is educted at ¼%, ½%, and 1%
• Class A foam is not compatible with Class B foams
• Class A foam CANNOT be used on Class B fires

Class B Foam

• Class B foam is used on flammable liquid fires and spills
• Alcohol-resistant versions of Class B foam have proven to be effective on all types of Class B fires
• National Foam’s Universal Green 3% (AR-Synthetic) is the class B foam utilized by JFRD engines and tankers
• They are equally effective on hydrocarbon non-polar fuels, as well as polar solvents and is educted at 3%
• JFRD has other Class B foams (listed below) used for aviation and other non-polar fuels
• Most gasoline now contains up to 10% ethanol and Class B foam and Akron foam eductors with aeration tubes are required to achieve proper expansion ratios to extinguish flammable liquid fires

Class B Foam Apparatus

• The following apparatus carry National Foam’s Universal Green 3% (AR-Synthetic) in onboard tanks:
• Engines 7 and 21 – These engines have a built-in foam proportioner and a 100-gallon foam tank
• Foam 37 and 48 – Each tanker carries 2500 gallons of foam concentrate

Mil-Spec Foam Apparatus

• The following apparatus carry 3% Mil-Spec Foam in onboard tanks:
• Stations 16 and 56 – Aviation fuel is non-polar and very similar to kerosene
• 3% Mil-Spec Foam will be most effective on these fires and spills
• 3% Mil-Spec Foam IS NOT compatible with Universal Green (AR-Synthetic) and should never be mixed, but it can be applied to the same fire through different appliances
• Class B foam should nevert be added to any apparatus foam tank

Foam Levels

• Each engine shall carry at least enough foam concentrate to convert the booster tank water into finished foam, which calls for a minimum of 15 gallons or 3 pails of class B foam concentrate and 5 gallons or 1 pail of class A foam concentrate
• Each tanker Shall carry at least enough foam concentrate to convert the 2500-gallon tank into finished foam, which calls for a minimum of 75 gallons or 15 pails of class B foam concentrate and 25 gallons or 5 pails of class A foam concentrate

Standard Foam Equipment

• In addition to foam concentrate, each engine and tanker shall carry basic foam nozzles and proportioning equipment, with the equipment maintained properly, with thorough flushing after use, to ensure performance
  • The Akron foam eductor is rated at 125 GPM can be selected for ¼% to 6% and is used with the standard 1 ¾” handline
  • The 75 PSI Akron Turbojet fog nozzle is more compatible and is recommended
  • The fog nozzle should be set to 125 GPM to match the eductor rating
  • The 100 PSI Akron Turbojet fog nozzle can be used if it has a compatible aerator foam tube

Foam Rules

• The Akron Foam Tube, which provides aggressive aeration at the nozzle MUST BE USED with Universal Green 3% (AR-Synthetic) for proper expansion ratios
• Class B fuels must be static for the finished foam to work properly and dike, dam, and/or divert the fuel so that it will pool
• Ensure a PKP extinguisher is manned and ready for 3-dimensional fires (dynamic)
• The foam eductor shall be set to match the foam concentrate, such as a 3% foam concentrate educts at the 3% setting
• The maximum distance between the eductor and nozzle is stated below
• If more distance is required between the apparatus and the eductor, use a 2 ½” hose and a gated wye or reducer
• When using a 75 PSI nozzle, the maximum distance is 250’
• When using a 100 PSI nozzle, the maximum distance is 150’
• The nozzle setting shall match the rated flow of the eductor (125 GPM)
• The nozzle bale must be fully opened and ensure that there are no kinks in the hose.
• For accurate foam use, the foam eductor requires an inlet pressure of 200 PSI
• This will provide the proper nozzle pressure and sufficient GPM, with Nozzle pressure not excessive due to the friction loss that occurs within the foam eductor

Foam Problems

• Foam concentrate will educt at lower PDP
• For this reason, it is possible to produce finished foam at a lower PDP, which creates problems
• The GPM at this lower PDP will be less than the 125 GPM selected
• At less than 200 PSI, the eductor will draw MORE foam than the educator setting, resulting in a richer foam solution where you will use more foam and run out quicker
• The proper water-to-foam ratio cannot be achieved unless the inlet pressure is 200 PSI
• Once the fire is extinguished and foam is static, or the spill is contained and covered with a 4” blanket, verify the integrity of the foam blanket using a combustible gas meter (found on hazmat apparatus and ladders), if available
• Reapply foam blanket every 5-15 minutes
• The drain time of Universal Green class B foam is 90 minutes (salt water) to 300 minutes (fresh water)

Special Foam Appliances

• Engines 7, 21, and selected Engines throughout the JFRD also carry the Akron 250 GPM eductor and foam tube
• Used with a 2 ½” hose and the 2 ½” Akron Turbojet nozzle, this setup allows up to 300’ between the eductor and nozzle with the educator requiring 200 PSI inlet pressure
• The hazmat teams also carry several large caliber master stream appliances for foam and dry chemicals

Foam Storage

• JFRD maintains emergency stockpiles of foam at TSF and in foam tankers
• The total JFRD foam reserve is approximately 20,000 gallons
• The shelf life of Class A foam is indefinite
• Class B concentrate can be stored for many years without issue
• The plastic containers, however, are subject to damage from rough handling and will deteriorate when exposed to sunlight for extended periods
• The shelf life of Class B concentrate is maximized by proper storage and environmental conditions; do not allow the foam to freeze
• Class B foam concentrate has shown no significant loss of performance even after being stored for 10 years or more
• Universal Green 3% Class B foam concentrate is supplied in five-gallon pails and 250-gallon totes, is not considered a hazardous material to the environment but requires care when handling

Class B Foam

• Compatible with dry chemicals
• Cannot be used for subsurface injection
• Can be used with fresh or salt water