Questions and Answers
What is the title of Chapter 21?
What are aerial fuels?
Fuels located more than 6 feet (2 m) off the ground, usually part of or attached to trees.
What is the purpose of an anchor, flank, and pinch attack?
A direct method of suppressing a wildland or ground cover fire involving two teams to establish anchor points and pinch the fire.
Define anchor point in fire suppression.
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What is the area of origin?
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What is a backfire?
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Describe a backpack fire extinguisher.
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What does the term 'black' refer to in firefighting?
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What is a compressed air foam system (CAFS)?
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What is a council rake?
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What is defensible space?
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What is a direct attack in wildland firefighting?
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What are the eighteen watch out situations?
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Define fine fuels.
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What does the term 'finger' refer to in the context of fire behavior?
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What is a fire control line?
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What is a fire shelter?
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What does 'firing out' mean?
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What is a flanking attack?
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What is meant by flank of the fire?
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Define fuel compactness.
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What is fuel continuity?
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What is fuel moisture?
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What does fuel orientation refer to?
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Study Notes
Wildland and Ground Cover Fires Overview
- Firefighter skills and hazardous materials response are essential in managing wildland and ground cover fires.
Aerial Fuels
- Refer to any fuels more than 6 feet (2 m) above ground, typically associated with trees.
Attack Techniques
- Anchor, Flank, and Pinch Attack: Involves two firefighter teams creating anchor points on opposite sides of a fire and working towards each other, effectively trapping the fire.
- Direct Attack: Focused on containing and extinguishing the fire at its burning edge.
- Flanking Attack: Involves a suppression crew working on one side of the fire to manage its spread.
Fire Components
- Anchor Point: A safe and strategic position for constructing fire control lines to minimize danger from fire flanks.
- Area of Origin: The location believed to be the initial source of a fire or explosion.
- Backfire: A deliberate fire set to consume fuel within a wildfire's path or alter fire direction.
Firefighting Equipment
- Backpack Fire Extinguisher: A portable 5-gallon (19-L) water tank worn on the back, utilized with a hand-powered pump.
- Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS): Combines pressurized air with foam solution to produce effective fire-fighting foam.
- Council Rake: A long-handled tool with triangular steel teeth, useful for creating fire lines, digging, and managing burning logs.
Safety and Prevention
- Defensible Space: A clearance area, typically 30 feet, between improved properties and wildland to reduce fire spread and provide a safe working environment for firefighters.
- Eighteen Watch Out Situations: A safety guideline that aids in assessing the risks associated with wildland firefighting tasks.
Fuel Characteristics
- Fine Fuels: Easily ignitable materials like small twigs, leaves, and grass, affecting fire dynamics.
- Fuel Compactness: Indicates how tightly packed fuels are, influencing fire behavior.
- Fuel Continuity: Describes how closely wildland fuels are spaced, affecting fire spread potential.
- Fuel Moisture: The moisture content in fuels, which directly impacts ignition and burning efficiency.
- Fuel Orientation: The arrangement of fuels relative to fire travel, impacting combustion dynamics.
Fire Behavior
- Finger: A narrow extension of fire prompted by wind shifts or topographical changes.
- Flank of the Fire: The edge that runs parallel to fire's movement, located between the fire's head and heel.
Protective Measures
- Fire Shelter: A tent-like protective item designed to reflect radiant heat during an entrapment situation.
- Firing Out: A technique involving fire setting along a control line to eliminate fuels between the line and the fire’s edge.
Fire Control Techniques
- Fire Control Line: Encompasses all barriers (natural or constructed) that help manage fire spread.
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Description
Dive into the essentials of wildland and ground cover fire suppression with this set of flashcards. Based on the fourth edition of fire fighter skills and hazardous materials response, you'll explore key terms and definitions related to firefighting techniques and aerial fuels. Perfect for anyone looking to enhance their firefighting knowledge.