Firefighting Chapter 21 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the title of Chapter 21?

  • Ground Cover Fire Safety
  • Chapter 21 Wildland and Ground Cover Fires (correct)
  • Wildland Firefighter Skills
  • Fire Control Concepts
  • What are aerial fuels?

    Fuels located more than 6 feet (2 m) off the ground, usually part of or attached to trees.

    What is the purpose of an anchor, flank, and pinch attack?

    A direct method of suppressing a wildland or ground cover fire involving two teams to establish anchor points and pinch the fire.

    Define anchor point in fire suppression.

    <p>A strategic and safe point from which to start construction of a fire control line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the area of origin?

    <p>A structure, part of a structure, or general geographic location where the point of origin of a fire or explosion is believed to be located.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a backfire?

    <p>A fire set along the inner edge of a fireline to consume fuel in the path of a wildfire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe a backpack fire extinguisher.

    <p>A portable fire extinguisher usually consisting of a 5-gal (19-L) water tank worn on the user's back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'black' refer to in firefighting?

    <p>An area that has already been burned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compressed air foam system (CAFS)?

    <p>A foam system that combines air under pressure with foam solution to create foam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a council rake?

    <p>A long-handled rake constructed with hardened triangular shaped steel teeth for raking a fire line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defensible space?

    <p>An area between an improved property and wildland fire where combustible materials have been removed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct attack in wildland firefighting?

    <p>A method of attack where firefighters focus on containing and extinguishing the fire at its burning edge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the eighteen watch out situations?

    <p>A list of situations used to assess if a wildland firefighting assignment is safe to conduct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define fine fuels.

    <p>Fuels that ignite and burn easily, such as dried twigs, leaves, and grass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'finger' refer to in the context of fire behavior?

    <p>A narrow point of fire extension created by a shift in wind or change in topography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fire control line?

    <p>A comprehensive term for all constructed or natural barriers used to control a fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fire shelter?

    <p>An aluminized tent used for protection in fire entrapment situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'firing out' mean?

    <p>A technique that involves setting a fire along the inner edge of a fire control line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a flanking attack?

    <p>A method of suppressing a fire by placing a suppression crew on one flank of the fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by flank of the fire?

    <p>The edge between the head and heel of the fire that runs parallel to the direction of fire spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define fuel compactness.

    <p>The extent to which fuels are tightly packed together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fuel continuity?

    <p>The relative closeness of wildland fuels affecting fire spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fuel moisture?

    <p>The amount of moisture present in a fuel, affecting ignition and burning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does fuel orientation refer to?

    <p>The position of a fuel relative to its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Wildland and Ground Cover Fires Overview

    • Firefighter skills and hazardous materials response are essential in managing wildland and ground cover fires.

    Aerial Fuels

    • Refer to any fuels more than 6 feet (2 m) above ground, typically associated with trees.

    Attack Techniques

    • Anchor, Flank, and Pinch Attack: Involves two firefighter teams creating anchor points on opposite sides of a fire and working towards each other, effectively trapping the fire.
    • Direct Attack: Focused on containing and extinguishing the fire at its burning edge.
    • Flanking Attack: Involves a suppression crew working on one side of the fire to manage its spread.

    Fire Components

    • Anchor Point: A safe and strategic position for constructing fire control lines to minimize danger from fire flanks.
    • Area of Origin: The location believed to be the initial source of a fire or explosion.
    • Backfire: A deliberate fire set to consume fuel within a wildfire's path or alter fire direction.

    Firefighting Equipment

    • Backpack Fire Extinguisher: A portable 5-gallon (19-L) water tank worn on the back, utilized with a hand-powered pump.
    • Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS): Combines pressurized air with foam solution to produce effective fire-fighting foam.
    • Council Rake: A long-handled tool with triangular steel teeth, useful for creating fire lines, digging, and managing burning logs.

    Safety and Prevention

    • Defensible Space: A clearance area, typically 30 feet, between improved properties and wildland to reduce fire spread and provide a safe working environment for firefighters.
    • Eighteen Watch Out Situations: A safety guideline that aids in assessing the risks associated with wildland firefighting tasks.

    Fuel Characteristics

    • Fine Fuels: Easily ignitable materials like small twigs, leaves, and grass, affecting fire dynamics.
    • Fuel Compactness: Indicates how tightly packed fuels are, influencing fire behavior.
    • Fuel Continuity: Describes how closely wildland fuels are spaced, affecting fire spread potential.
    • Fuel Moisture: The moisture content in fuels, which directly impacts ignition and burning efficiency.
    • Fuel Orientation: The arrangement of fuels relative to fire travel, impacting combustion dynamics.

    Fire Behavior

    • Finger: A narrow extension of fire prompted by wind shifts or topographical changes.
    • Flank of the Fire: The edge that runs parallel to fire's movement, located between the fire's head and heel.

    Protective Measures

    • Fire Shelter: A tent-like protective item designed to reflect radiant heat during an entrapment situation.
    • Firing Out: A technique involving fire setting along a control line to eliminate fuels between the line and the fire’s edge.

    Fire Control Techniques

    • Fire Control Line: Encompasses all barriers (natural or constructed) that help manage fire spread.

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    Description

    Dive into the essentials of wildland and ground cover fire suppression with this set of flashcards. Based on the fourth edition of fire fighter skills and hazardous materials response, you'll explore key terms and definitions related to firefighting techniques and aerial fuels. Perfect for anyone looking to enhance their firefighting knowledge.

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