22 Questions
What is the main reason that has led to more severe content and structure fires according to the text?
Changes in the way buildings are constructed and the contents stored within them
Which phase of the ventilation-controlled fire behavior model often occurs when firefighters open a door for fire attack?
Explosive growth
What is the primary culprit for the sheer quantity of smoke at a building fire?
Pyrolysis
Why can an explosive growth event render interior firefighting efforts useless?
Extreme heat-release rate of smoke ignition
What is the term for a warning sign characterized by the intermittent ignition of small pockets of smoke, usually seen as fingers of flame dancing through the upper smoke layer?
Ghosting
In fire behavior terms, what does 'flame-over' refer to?
Burning of the overhead smoke layer within a room
What is a 'smoke explosion' in terms of a hostile fire event?
Sudden ignition and rapid expansion of a smoke pocket
Which term describes the sudden occurrence when all the surfaces and contents of a space reach their ignition temperature almost simultaneously?
Flashover
How do the four attributes of smoke contribute to understanding fire behavior within a building?
They provide insight into the toxicity and flammability of the smoke
'Hostile fire event' refers to a phenomenon that can suddenly harm firefighters. Which of the following is NOT considered a hostile fire event according to the text?
Pyrolysis
What are the factors that affect flow paths and compartmentalized fire growth?
Compartment size, interior geometry, continuity of the fire load, and size and status of exterior openings
What is the ignition temperature required for smoke to start?
$450°F$ ($232°C$)
Which hostile fire event is described as a spark-induced ignition of a smoke pocket away from the actual fire?
Smoke explosion
What is the term used for the sudden detonation of oxygen-deficient smoke products within a closed, pressurized space?
Backdraft
What is considered a warning sign of a flame-over event?
Turbulent smoke filling a room
What does the color of smoke indicate according to the text?
Level of heating present
What does black fire refer to?
A slang term for difficult firefighting situations
What does laminar velocity indicate according to the text?
'White fire' condition
"Reading smoke" refers to understanding what attribute of smoke?
$VVDC$ (Volume, Velocity, Density, Color)
'Ghosting' in the context of hostile fire events refers to what phenomenon?
'Smoke flow paths moving faster than firefighters'
What term is used for the more-or-less simultaneous ignition of all surfaces and contents in a room due to radiant heating?
Flashover
What are some factors that can influence VVDC observations?
Compartment, size of flow path, outside weather, and firefighting efforts
Learn about the importance of reading smoke in predicting fire behavior as a crucial skill for firefighter safety. Understand how societal changes have impacted fire severity and the increased risk of flashover entrapments.
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