Firefighter Safety and Size-Up Process
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Questions and Answers

What should be prioritized when considering firefighter safety during an incident?

  • Extending limited risk to protect savable property (correct)
  • Rescuing property at all costs
  • Ignoring unsafe practices if lives are at stake
  • Taking aggressive action without assessment

What is the primary focus of the size-up process?

  • Determining evacuation routes only
  • Assigning resources without assessment
  • Ignoring building construction types
  • Gathering and processing information to develop an action plan (correct)

What indicates that a firefighter should consider a defensive strategy?

  • Any presence of smoke or flames
  • Little or no progress on the fire after primary search (correct)
  • Immediate need for evacuation of all personnel
  • Successful primary search with significant progress on the fire

Which knowledge is NOT essential for effective size-up?

<p>Community social dynamics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does visualization play in the size-up process?

<p>It provides a clear understanding of the fire situation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a systematic approach to sizing up a fire incident require?

<p>A solid foundation of reference information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical indicator of flashover conditions during a fire?

<p>Vigorous, churning dark smoke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a firefighter observes unsafe practices during an incident?

<p>Immediately report and act upon unsafe practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered in the Layman 5 step process for analyzing emergency situations?

<p>Resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration in the 'Situation' step of the Layman decision process?

<p>Sufficiency of on-scene and enroute resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is assessed during the initial size-up according to the NFA size-up system?

<p>Preincident information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements best captures the essence of the decision-making step for a fire officer?

<p>To evaluate if conditions allow for interior attack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What difficulty level allows for a portable fire extinguisher to be effective in extinguishing a fire?

<p>Incipient stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fire extinguishing agent is most suitable for Class B fires?

<p>Foam (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when evaluating the probabilities during an emergency situation?

<p>Potential for fire behavior changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of size-up, what is the primary purpose of ongoing size-up?

<p>To monitor evolving conditions during the incident (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be established first when conducting a PAR?

<p>The last known assignment of personnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor should be controlled to delay flashover during a fire in a modern structure?

<p>Control access doors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario accurately reflects modern fire behavior compared to historical understanding?

<p>Modern fires are ventilation limited due to construction materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can firefighters effectively transition a fire from being ventilation limited to fuel limited?

<p>By applying water before vertical ventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the 2012 FDNY tests focus on regarding fire dynamics?

<p>Exploring ventilation techniques for wind-driven fires (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk associated with firefighting operations in the flow path?

<p>Increased flow of fire, heat, and smoke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors distinguishes modern dwellings from legacy dwellings?

<p>Larger homes and new construction materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What analysis is important to assess when planning firefighting actions?

<p>Risk to rescuers versus intended benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of fatalities among firefighters?

<p>Cardiac events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which conditions should firefighters consider the weight and thermal properties of PPE?

<p>Extreme weather conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)?

<p>Assigned for rescue of trapped firefighters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for a successful transfer of command?

<p>Briefing by the initial IC includes relevant information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the first-arriving officer (FO) at an incident?

<p>To assume initial command and establish a management structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should high-visibility vests or jackets be used by firefighters?

<p>Regularly, to comply with ANSI standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second leading cause of deaths among firefighters?

<p>Vehicle accidents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done during rehabilitation between work periods?

<p>Proper decompression and hydration must occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the Incident Commander (IC) during an emergency?

<p>To address life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the IAP (Incident Action Plan)?

<p>An outline of strategic objectives and emergency operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the RECEO-VS acronym stand for in emergency management?

<p>Rescue, Exposures, Containment, Extinguishment, Overhaul, Vent, Salvage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of establishing command in an emergency event?

<p>To facilitate effective and coordinated response efforts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of command in the ICS?

<p>Innovate emergency technologies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the ongoing size-up during an incident?

<p>Providing a constant flow of information to the Incident Commander (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which acronym is used for accomplishing tactical priorities on the fire ground?

<p>RECEO-VS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic priorities that should be established in an Incident Action Plan (IAP)?

<p>Life Safety, Incident Stabilization, Property Conservation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do strategies and tactics differ in an Incident Action Plan?

<p>Strategies represent the goals and tactics represent specific, measurable actions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the ‘SLICE-RS’ acronym represent in fire attack mode?

<p>Size-up, Locate, Identify, Cool, Extinguish, Rescue, Salvage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for large or complex incidents that have an extended duration according to the principles of incident management?

<p>Written Incident Action Plan (IAP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should an Incident Commander be informed about during the ongoing size-up?

<p>Completion of assignments, need for additional resources, or changes in conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between tactical priorities and the size-up of an incident?

<p>Size-up informs tactical priorities that guide the development of the IAP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Flow Path

The path that heat, smoke, and fire gases flow through a structure, often toward areas with lower pressure like windows and doors.

Ventilation Control

The process of controlling a fire's growth by limiting the amount of oxygen it can receive, often through strategic door and window closures.

PAR (Personnel Accountability Report)

The process of determining potential missing personnel, their last known location, and their current assignment following an incident.

Flashover

The rapid acceleration of a fire's growth, leading to a sudden and dangerous increase in temperature and flame spread.

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Risk/Benefit Analysis

A strategic action to reduce the risk of harm to firefighters by carefully evaluating the potential danger of a task versus its benefits.

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Ventilation-Limited Fire

Fires in modern homes are often limited by the amount of air available for combustion, rather than the fuel supply present.

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Fuel-Limited Fire

Fires in older homes were primarily controlled by the amount of fuel available, as oxygen was generally plentiful.

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Softening the Target

The process of applying water to a compartment before ventilating it, significantly reducing the fire's intensity and improving firefighter safety.

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Size-up

The process of gathering and understanding information about an emergency incident, evaluating the situation, and developing a plan of action.

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Initial Action Plan (IAP)

The process of deciding on an initial plan of action based on the information gathered during size-up.

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Visualization

The ability to mentally imagine what is happening at the scene and what might happen based on observed factors.

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Vigorous, Churning Dark Smoke

Black, thick smoke with a rapid, swirling motion, indicating a high heat release rate and a potential for flashover.

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Dark Smoke

Darker smoke indicates a higher concentration of unburned fuel and is typically closer to the fire's origin.

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Firefighter Safety Rules

IC rules of engagement for firefighter safety, which prioritize firefighter survival and minimize risks.

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Defensive Strategy

A defensive strategy should be considered when the resources available are insufficient to safely manage the incident or when any fire suppression efforts would pose significant risk to firefighters.

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Initial Risk Assessment

The process of assessing the risks and hazards associated with a fire incident.

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Fuel Load

The amount of fuel present in a structure, influencing fire behavior and the required fire suppression resources.

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Growth Stage of a Fire (Fire Dynamics)

This stage involves applying water to the fire directly, often with handlines or master streams.

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Preincident Information (NFA Size-Up)

This phase of size-up includes gathering information about the situation before arriving at the scene.

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Probabilities (Layman's Decision Process)

These are things that could potentially happen based on the known facts and observations.

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Decision Step (Layman's Decision Process)

This involves making a judgement call based on the facts and probabilities, answering key questions about resources, safety, and strategy.

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Ongoing Size-Up (NFA Size-Up)

This involves evaluating the effectiveness of the response and making adjustments as needed during the incident.

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Facts (Layman's Decision Process)

This involves gathering basic facts about the situation, such as the nature of the incident, location, and available resources.

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Plan of Operation (Layman's Decision Process)

This is the fifth and final step in the Layman's decision process, where the officer outlines the specific plan for mitigating the incident.

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NIMS (National Incident Management System)

A coordinated effort to bring together resources and personnel from different organizations to effectively handle emergencies. It ensures uniformity in approach and communication across agencies involved.

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ICS (Incident Command System)

A framework for organizing emergency response activities, establishing clear roles, and ensuring efficient communication. It includes three levels: Strategic, Tactical, and Task.

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Life Safety

The first priority in an emergency response, ensuring the safety of all individuals involved, both responders and civilians.

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IAP (Incident Action Plan)

A detailed plan outlining the specific actions to be taken during an emergency, established during the initial assessment of the situation.

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Preincident Information

The first phase of size-up, involving gathering information before arriving at the scene.

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Ongoing Size-Up

The process of continually evaluating the effectiveness of the response and making adjustments during the incident.

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Incident Stabilization

Utilizing resources to stop the spread of the fire and minimize further damage.

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Strategy

The core of the IAP, outlining the strategic objectives and approach for emergency operations.

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Tactics

Specific actions taken to achieve the goals of the IAP.

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OVEIS

Firefighters should consider the potential environmental impacts when closing doors and windows, using the acronym OVEIS (Oxygen, Ventilation, Egress, Integrity, Safety).

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Floor Number Assignment

Within a building, fire companies are often assigned a specific number based on the floor they are working on.

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PPE Considerations in Extreme Weather

Firefighters need to consider the weight, bulk, and thermal properties of personal protective equipment (PPE) when dealing with extreme weather conditions.

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Rehabilitation

Firefighters need sufficient rest and rehabilitation periods between work periods to ensure their health and safety.

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Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)

A dedicated team of firefighters responsible for the rapid rescue of lost or trapped firefighters, often called Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).

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Transfer of Command

Command should only be transferred to improve the quality of the command organization and follow specific procedures.

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First Officer (FO) Responsibilities

A First Officer (FO) is expected to perform the duties of a first-arriving officer at any incident, including assuming initial command.

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NIMS Origin

The National Incident Management System (NIMS) was developed using the best practices of FIRESCOPE and Fire Ground Command.

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Study Notes

Incident Command System (ICS)

  • ICS is a standardized, nationwide framework for managing emergency incidents.
  • It enables federal, state, and local governments, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations to work together effectively.
  • ICS is used for all-hazard incidents.
  • There are three levels of command within ICS: strategic, tactical and task.

First Arriving Officer (FO) Responsibilities

  • FO is responsible for assuming command at any incident.
  • They establish the basic management structure and follow established procedures (SOPs).
  • FO must be proficient in using ICS at every incident, including acting as a unit, group, or division leader.
  • They are responsible for the completion of several strategic priorities including life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.
  • FO is required to continually assess the situation (size-up) and adapt accordingly.

Incident Command (IC) Responsibilities

  • The IC is the overall supervisor of incident operations.
  • They establish the overall strategy and the tactical objectives.
  • The IC takes responsibility for resource management, safety, and overall accountability.
  • Determines priorities and makes appropriate decisions in the progression of the incident.
  • The IC develops and implements an Incident Action Plan (IAP) that outlines strategic objectives, specific tactics and defines the overall strategy in managing the incident.

Size-up Information

  • Phase 1: Pre-Incident information: information from dispatch, available resources, knowledge of the area, building characteristics, etc.
  • Phase 2: Initial on-scene: observation, the situation on scene, additional factors,
  • Phase 3: Ongoing: an incident size-up is an ongoing process to ensure everything about the situation is updated in case things change.

ICS Components

  • Preparedness
  • Communication & Information
  • Resource Management
  • Command & Management
  • Ongoing Management & Maintenance

Strategic Level

  • Responsible for the overall direction and goals of the incident.
  • The Incident Commander (IC) is always at this level.

Tactical Level

  • Responsible for translating strategic goals into tactical actions.
  • Tactical components are often called divisions, groups, or units.
  • This level oversees the combination of divisions, groups, and units.

Task Level

  • Where physical work is performed to implement tactical objectives.

Flow Path

  • Movement of heat, smoke, and materials in a building fire in response to pressures and openings.
  • Understanding flow paths helps determine hazards and safety considerations for responders.

Incident Action Plan (IAP)

  • This plan guides emergency operations.
  • It outlines the priorities & plan of attack.
  • Sets priorities and describes how resources will be utilized.
  • Contains the three basic priorities of life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.

Additional Notes

  • Three levels of command: Strategic, Tactical, Task.
  • Size-up is a continuous process.
  • Key aspects in Size-up are Facts, Probabilities, Situation, Decide, Plan.
  • Different operational modes such as investigation, Fast attack, and command exist.
  • ICS provides for communication among all responder groups.

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Description

Test your knowledge on firefighter safety and the critical size-up process during fire incidents. This quiz covers essential guidelines, decision-making strategies, and indicators that help ensure effective emergency response. Assess your understanding of firefighting principles in challenging situations.

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