Ch 11 pg 285-290

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Questions and Answers

Firefighter deaths have dropped from a high of 140 per year in the 1970s to around ______ per year in 1990s, to __ in 2017

100, 60

According to NFPA total of ___ firefighters died while operating inside structure fires during a 18 year period from 2000 to 2017. Excluding the 343 from 911

249

___ died from being caught or trapped and subsequent died from injuries or exposure to products of combustion.

186

___ deaths were the result of asphyxiation and or smoke inhalation. ___ burned to death and ___ were crushed or died from internal injuries. ___ died of heart attack or stoke.

<p>99, 48, 49, 53</p> Signup and view all the answers

Your department can take the following __ step’s to immediately help reduce the rates of FF injury and mortality

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Certain occupancies like buildings with ________ roofs pose significant collapse risks.

<p>bowstring-truss</p> Signup and view all the answers

The greatest fire related loss of civilian life occurs in ___ and ___ family dwellings.

<p>One, two</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fires in cellars, attics, and ________ areas present create great difficulties and dangers to FFs

<p>windowless</p> Signup and view all the answers

The following __ question ff survival survey is an info gathering thought process designed to focus FFs attention

<p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

The occupancy itself can tell us about other dangers, such as hazardous chemicals in an ______ shop or a ______ supply business.

<p>Exterminators, garden</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the items to be taught in emergency situations are _____ profile maneuver.

<p>Reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

Every firefighter must survey the building for casement windows, security gates, and ______ before entering.

<p>bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identifying potential ______ such as collapse or backdraft is crucial for situational awareness.

<p>hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ maneuver helps firefighters wearing SCBA to squeeze through narrow spaces.

<p>reduced-profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before attempting the emergency escape, transmit a ______ message to alert other members.

<p>Mayday</p> Signup and view all the answers

Changing cylinder may be useful in ____ of ships, _____, subcellars, some high rises and windowless buildings.

<p>Holds, tunnels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Removing SCBA from your back will usually only be needed when ____ a wall for escape, since this should allow you to pass through the ___ in space between the studs to escape to another room.

<p>Breach, 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common use for the reduced profile maneuver is to get through the space between a building and a ______ stairway.

<p>Fire escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

The emergency escape maneuver may be needed when you are caught on hanging wires, _____, or other entanglements

<p>Bedsprings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action a firefighter should take if cut off by extending fire?

<p>Find a temporary refuge. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the absence of a ladder, what is a recommended method for emergency evacuation?

<p>Utilizing personal safety equipment or rope. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insert one arm between the ___ and ___ rungs and grab the second rung ___ up with one hand. With the other hand, grab the third rung from the top, palm down then roll out of the window

<p>First, third, palm</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common method of forcible exit is to break a _____

<p>Window</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drive the tool all the way through the wall about __ ft above the floor, this is to check for obstructions or fire on the other side. Then drive the tool down into the wall about __ ft of the floor. Stick the tool down into the hole and pull outward

<p>3, 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

______ three rules of survival are never put yourself in a postion where you are depending on someone else to come and get you, always know where your escape route is, always know where your second escape route is

<p>Normans</p> Signup and view all the answers

You must consider the height of the ceilings in ______ buildings. High ceilings may hinder FFs from recognizing potential flashover

<p>Commercial</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common use for the reduced profile is to get between the space of a building and a _______ stairway

<p>Fire escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ maneuver may be needed when you find yourself caught on hanging wires, bed springs and other entanglements

<p>Emergency escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Firefighter deaths decrease trend

Firefighter fatalities have decreased from a high of 140 per year in the 1970s to around 60 in 2017. This reduction is mostly due to safety improvements.

Firefighter deaths inside burning structures

A concerning trend shows firefighters frequently dying from fire and combustion products inside burning buildings, even though overall fatalities are down.

NFPA structure fire deaths (2000-2017)

249 firefighters died inside structures between 2000 and 2017, excluding 9/11. This is a key period for firefighter safety research.

3 Major causes of structure fire deaths

Entrapment, asphyxiation/smoke inhalation, and burns are leading causes of structure fire deaths. Other causes include impacts and heart issues.

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3 steps to reduce firefighter deaths

Improve hazard awareness, create emergency escape/self rescue plans, and deploy rapid intervention teams (RITs) to minimize injury and mortality risk in fire situations.

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Occupancy Risk

Certain building types, like those with bowstring-truss roofs, pose increased collapse risks. This requires firefighters to adopt defensive strategies and assess for hazardous materials.

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Occupant Location Matters

Rescue priorities differ depending on the building's occupants (e.g., families vs. workers). Firefighters adjust their approach based on the potential for civilians needing rescue.

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Difficult Fire Locations

Fires in cellars, attics, and windowless areas are challenging due to limited access, ventilation, and escape routes. These spaces might also be unfinished.

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What is a bowstring truss?

A type of roof structure with curved, arched beams. It's common in older buildings but can create a collapse risk due to its design.

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Why is it important to know the occupancy?

Understanding the type of building (e.g., residential, commercial) helps firefighters plan their approach, prioritize rescues, and identify potential hazards.

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Reduced-profile maneuver

A technique used by firefighters to escape a dangerous situation by lowering their profile and crawling. It helps avoid being caught in a collapse or being hit by falling debris.

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Emergency escape (quick-release) maneuver

A rapid method for escaping a dangerous situation, utilizing quick-release buckles on equipment to detach oneself quickly.

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Norman's three rules of survival

These guidelines emphasize self-reliance and avoiding situations where rescue depends on others. They stress knowing escape routes and having backups, promoting proactive safety.

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Pre-entry assessment

Prior to entering a building, firefighters must identify potential hazards, alternative routes, and obstacles, including casement windows, gates, and bars.

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Building stability assessment

Firefighters must quickly evaluate the structural integrity of a building to determine the risk of collapse and adjust their strategy accordingly.

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Emergency Escape Maneuver

A maneuver used when the reduced-profile technique fails or when trapped by obstructions like wires or hanging objects. It involves releasing the SCBA waist buckle and spinning to free oneself.

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Changing Cylinders

An advanced procedure for replacing a depleted SCBA air cylinder with a fresh one. Used only in extreme situations like long firefights.

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Mayday

An urgent distress signal used by firefighters to alert others of danger and request help before attempting an emergency escape maneuver.

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Hazards during Emergency Escape

Changing conditions during an emergency escape, such as the explosion of aerosol cans, can create additional obstacles that pose a risk to firefighters.

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Emergency Bailout

A technique used by firefighters to escape a dangerous situation when a ladder is unavailable, using a rope or personal safety equipment.

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Difficult Window Escape

A technique used for escaping from a window when there's a fire or intense heat, requiring a firefighter to climb out onto a ladder.

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