Safety Officer Chapter 6-2 Complete
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Questions and Answers

What condition must be present for a smoke explosion to occur?

  • Smoke pressurization without the presence of a spark or flame
  • Trapped smoke reaching its flashpoint without any additional ignition source
  • Introduction of a spark or flame into trapped smoke below its ignition temperature (correct)
  • Smoke cooling rapidly after being trapped above a fire

    • What factor contributes to making carbon monoxide (CO) easier to ignite in the air mix as it heats up?

  • Isolation of CO from other gases while heating up
  • Widening of the flammable range of CO as it heats up (correct)
  • Reduction in CO's ignition temperature as it heats up
  • Decrease in flammable range of CO as it heats up

    • In what scenario does flame-over occur?

  • During the initial stages of fire spread before full-room involvement
  • When the room's surfaces can fully absorb radiant energy from the fire
  • When the smoke is at a lower temperature compared to the fire point of prevalent gasses
  • At temperatures above the fire point of prevalent gasses as smoke reaches sustaining levels (correct)

    • What characterizes a flashover event?

    <p>Sudden full-room fire involvement due to simultaneous ignition of surfaces and contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two forces cause smoke to pressurize in a building?

    <p>Convection heat or smoke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes smoke to slow down and balance with outside airflow when leaving a building?

    <p>Restricted volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of smoke is a critical observation to determine the potential for flashover?

    <p>Smoke velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does laminar smoke differ from turbulent smoke?

    <p>Laminar smoke is smoother and calmer than turbulent smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of comparing the velocity of smoke at different openings of a building?

    <p>To locate the fire seat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of environmental condition does turbulent smoke indicate?

    <p>An impending flashover environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thick smoke thickness imply in terms of fire spread?

    <p>More spectacular fire spread potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a warning sign of impending flashover when reading smoke?

    <p>Turbulent smoke that fills a box</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thick, black, fast smoke close to the seat of the fire indicate?

    <p>Super-hot smoke capable of instant ignition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fire may be indicated by thin, black, fast smoke according to the text?

    <p>Fire nearby that is well ventilated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dirty white smoke with velocity usually indicate?

    <p>Heat-pushed smoke that has traveled a distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does low-volume white smoke from multiple locations of a large building suggest?

    <p>Working fire deep within</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of yellowish-gray smoke from cracks or seams according to the text?

    <p>Warning sign of impending backdraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does turbulent smoke velocity that is thin and dark indicate?

    <p>A nearby well-ventilated fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does laminar (smooth) smoke flow indicate?

    <p>Absorption of heat near the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the color of smoke mainly tell firefighters?

    <p>The stage of heating and fire location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gas is mostly present in the white 'smoke' emitted when materials are first heated?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thin, black smoke indicate when observed outside a building?

    <p>Open flaming in close proximity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of fast-moving, dirty white smoke?

    <p>Indication of a hot fire in the vicinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes smoke color to change from white as materials are further heated?

    <p>Moisture content drying out and heating up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Black smoke that is high velocity and very thin (low density)' is primarily _____________.

    <p>Flame-pushed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an explosive growth event and a backdraft event?

    <p>Rate of air introduction and resulting force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is false about turbulent vs. laminar smoke flow?

    <p>Turbulent thick smoke means a well-ventilated fire is nearby.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic that identifies impending flashover?

    <p>Smoke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does unfinished wood typically give off as it approaches mid-to-late-stage heating?

    <p>Brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of smoke velocity in a building with a fire?

    <p>Indicates pressure buildup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one outcome when flames touch surfaces that are not burning?

    <p>Soot is emitted, causing black smoke.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sudden heat buildup considered a warning sign for flashover?

    <p>Forces firefighters to the floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attribute of smoke contributes to understanding the amount of fuels off-gassing in a given space?

    <p>Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers an explosive growth event according to the text?

    <p>Air introduction over 10 to 90 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smoke volume impact the perception of fire relative to space filled?

    <p>Smaller volume correlates with larger space filled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is 'reading smoke' considered a crucial skill for firefighters?

    <p>'Reading smoke' helps predict fire behavior and spread potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic indicates that a fire is well-ventilated and clean-burning?

    <p>Low smoke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for firefighters to identify specific smoke characteristics?

    <p>To decipher the phase of combustion in the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common outcome of both an explosive growth event and a backdraft event?

    <p>Introduction of air into an ignition-temperature environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smoke velocity impact pressure in a building?

    <p>Indicates pressure increase in a building with a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can wind do to smoke in a well-ventilated building?

    <p>Speed up smoke velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does low-lying smoke in a sprinkler-protected building indicate?

    <p>The fire is not being controlled by the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates an exceptionally hot fire on a cold and humid day?

    <p>Smoke rising straight up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disrupts thermal balance in a building?

    <p>Inadequate airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of brown smoke from gable-end vents, eaves, and floor seams in a lightweight wooden building?

    <p>It indicates that the wood is being heated and decomposing, serving as a warning sign of impending collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do signs of air being 'sucked' through the smoke indicate?

    <p>The fire is intense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the strength of engineered wood products like OSB and LVL when they are exposed to heat?

    <p>They lose strength due to breakdown of the glues holding them together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation should be taken into account when analyzing smoke in different buildings?

    <p>Building size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an Incident Safety Officer (ISO) determine the proximity of a fire seat based on smoke velocity and color?

    <p>Faster and/or darker smoke indicates closer proximity to the fire seat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Smoking white' refers to which stage of flaming contents?

    <p>'Cooling white'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it suggest when smoke from a building's various openings appears uniform in color and velocity?

    <p>The fire may be in a concealed space or deep-seated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should happen to smoke volume if firefighting efforts are appropriate?

    <p>Rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'black fire' refer to in the context of firefighting?

    <p>High-volume, turbulent, deep black smoke indicating impending flashover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen to smoke velocity as heat is reduced in a building?

    <p>Gradually slow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should firefighters take upon encountering 'black fire' conditions?

    <p>Vent and cool the area immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'laminar flow' refer to in terms of smoke speed?

    <p>Smooth and regular flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does outside weather affect the appearance of smoke leaving a building?

    <p>Cold outside temperatures can cause hot, dark smoke to turn white due to condensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pure, clean white' smoke eventually indicate?

    <p>Successful firefighting efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does humidity have on smoke movement outside a building?

    <p>High humidity increases resistance to smoke movement due to water vapor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the ISO judge if all four attributes of smoke are not changing quickly?

    <p>Firefighting efforts are insufficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does wind play in influencing smoke leaving a building?

    <p>Wind can affect the direction and speed of the smoke plume leaving a building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when outside air temperatures are well below freezing in relation to smoke leaving a building?

    <p>Smoke turns white almost instantly due to moisture condensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does black fire pose a danger similar to flames?

    <p>It causes destruction through charring, heat damage, and other means similar to flames.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should ISOs do if firefighters entering the building after the fan is introduced report zero visibility and high heat?

    <p>Instruct firefighters to cool their environment and retreat until conditions improve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a warning sign for an ISO to intervene and stop or alter PPA tactics?

    <p>Smoke VVDC leaving the exhaust opening thickening after a full minute of air introduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Three-Step Process for Reading Smoke aim to help ISOs with?

    <p>Understanding fire size, location, and spread potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for ISOs to monitor smoke conditions and firefighter actions during firefighting operations?

    <p>To make interventions to stop or alter ventilation tactics if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if positive-pressure attack (PPA) tactics are not used properly?

    <p>Disastrous results leading to negative outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should ISOs do if they notice smoke conditions getting faster/thicker/darker in seconds while interior operations are underway?

    <p>Initiate immediate action to prevent firefighter injury or death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should ISOs look for as firefighting efforts progress during an incident?

    <p>'Positive' changes in smoke conditions indicating improved safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should ISOs take if they observe an imminent hostile fire event?

    <p>Initiate immediate action to prevent potential firefighter injury or death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor that should prompt an ISO to advise firefighters using PPA tactics to retreat?

    <p>Zero visibility reported by firefighters entering with the fan, along with high heat levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if an ISO fails to capture any warning signs from the smoke during firefighting operations?

    <p>Firefighter safety could be compromised due to missed indicators of hostile fire events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential outcome if an ISO fails to integrate reading smoke principles into their decision-making process?

    <p>The ability to make informed decisions based on fire size and spread may decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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