Safety Officer Chapter 6-2 Complete

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Questions and Answers

What condition must be present for a smoke explosion to occur?

  • Smoke pressurization without the presence of a spark or flame
  • Trapped smoke reaching its flashpoint without any additional ignition source
  • Introduction of a spark or flame into trapped smoke below its ignition temperature (correct)
  • Smoke cooling rapidly after being trapped above a fire

What factor contributes to making carbon monoxide (CO) easier to ignite in the air mix as it heats up?

  • Isolation of CO from other gases while heating up
  • Widening of the flammable range of CO as it heats up (correct)
  • Reduction in CO's ignition temperature as it heats up
  • Decrease in flammable range of CO as it heats up

In what scenario does flame-over occur?

  • During the initial stages of fire spread before full-room involvement
  • When the room's surfaces can fully absorb radiant energy from the fire
  • When the smoke is at a lower temperature compared to the fire point of prevalent gasses
  • At temperatures above the fire point of prevalent gasses as smoke reaches sustaining levels (correct)

What characterizes a flashover event?

<p>Sudden full-room fire involvement due to simultaneous ignition of surfaces and contents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two forces cause smoke to pressurize in a building?

<p>Convection heat or smoke volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes smoke to slow down and balance with outside airflow when leaving a building?

<p>Restricted volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of smoke is a critical observation to determine the potential for flashover?

<p>Smoke velocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does laminar smoke differ from turbulent smoke?

<p>Laminar smoke is smoother and calmer than turbulent smoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of comparing the velocity of smoke at different openings of a building?

<p>To locate the fire seat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of environmental condition does turbulent smoke indicate?

<p>An impending flashover environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does thick smoke thickness imply in terms of fire spread?

<p>More spectacular fire spread potential (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a warning sign of impending flashover when reading smoke?

<p>Turbulent smoke that fills a box (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does thick, black, fast smoke close to the seat of the fire indicate?

<p>Super-hot smoke capable of instant ignition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fire may be indicated by thin, black, fast smoke according to the text?

<p>Fire nearby that is well ventilated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does dirty white smoke with velocity usually indicate?

<p>Heat-pushed smoke that has traveled a distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does low-volume white smoke from multiple locations of a large building suggest?

<p>Working fire deep within (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of yellowish-gray smoke from cracks or seams according to the text?

<p>Warning sign of impending backdraft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does turbulent smoke velocity that is thin and dark indicate?

<p>A nearby well-ventilated fire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does laminar (smooth) smoke flow indicate?

<p>Absorption of heat near the fire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the color of smoke mainly tell firefighters?

<p>The stage of heating and fire location (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas is mostly present in the white 'smoke' emitted when materials are first heated?

<p>Ammonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does thin, black smoke indicate when observed outside a building?

<p>Open flaming in close proximity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fast-moving, dirty white smoke?

<p>Indication of a hot fire in the vicinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes smoke color to change from white as materials are further heated?

<p>Moisture content drying out and heating up (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Black smoke that is high velocity and very thin (low density)' is primarily _____________.

<p>Flame-pushed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an explosive growth event and a backdraft event?

<p>Rate of air introduction and resulting force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is false about turbulent vs. laminar smoke flow?

<p>Turbulent thick smoke means a well-ventilated fire is nearby. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic that identifies impending flashover?

<p>Smoke volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color does unfinished wood typically give off as it approaches mid-to-late-stage heating?

<p>Brown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of smoke velocity in a building with a fire?

<p>Indicates pressure buildup (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one outcome when flames touch surfaces that are not burning?

<p>Soot is emitted, causing black smoke. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sudden heat buildup considered a warning sign for flashover?

<p>Forces firefighters to the floor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which attribute of smoke contributes to understanding the amount of fuels off-gassing in a given space?

<p>Volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers an explosive growth event according to the text?

<p>Air introduction over 10 to 90 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does smoke volume impact the perception of fire relative to space filled?

<p>Smaller volume correlates with larger space filled (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'reading smoke' considered a crucial skill for firefighters?

<p>'Reading smoke' helps predict fire behavior and spread potential (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic indicates that a fire is well-ventilated and clean-burning?

<p>Low smoke volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial for firefighters to identify specific smoke characteristics?

<p>To decipher the phase of combustion in the fire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common outcome of both an explosive growth event and a backdraft event?

<p>Introduction of air into an ignition-temperature environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does smoke velocity impact pressure in a building?

<p>Indicates pressure increase in a building with a fire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can wind do to smoke in a well-ventilated building?

<p>Speed up smoke velocity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does low-lying smoke in a sprinkler-protected building indicate?

<p>The fire is not being controlled by the system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates an exceptionally hot fire on a cold and humid day?

<p>Smoke rising straight up (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disrupts thermal balance in a building?

<p>Inadequate airflow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of brown smoke from gable-end vents, eaves, and floor seams in a lightweight wooden building?

<p>It indicates that the wood is being heated and decomposing, serving as a warning sign of impending collapse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do signs of air being 'sucked' through the smoke indicate?

<p>The fire is intense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the strength of engineered wood products like OSB and LVL when they are exposed to heat?

<p>They lose strength due to breakdown of the glues holding them together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observation should be taken into account when analyzing smoke in different buildings?

<p>Building size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an Incident Safety Officer (ISO) determine the proximity of a fire seat based on smoke velocity and color?

<p>Faster and/or darker smoke indicates closer proximity to the fire seat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Smoking white' refers to which stage of flaming contents?

<p>'Cooling white' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it suggest when smoke from a building's various openings appears uniform in color and velocity?

<p>The fire may be in a concealed space or deep-seated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should happen to smoke volume if firefighting efforts are appropriate?

<p>Rise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'black fire' refer to in the context of firefighting?

<p>High-volume, turbulent, deep black smoke indicating impending flashover. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen to smoke velocity as heat is reduced in a building?

<p>Gradually slow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should firefighters take upon encountering 'black fire' conditions?

<p>Vent and cool the area immediately. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'laminar flow' refer to in terms of smoke speed?

<p>Smooth and regular flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does outside weather affect the appearance of smoke leaving a building?

<p>Cold outside temperatures can cause hot, dark smoke to turn white due to condensation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pure, clean white' smoke eventually indicate?

<p>Successful firefighting efforts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does humidity have on smoke movement outside a building?

<p>High humidity increases resistance to smoke movement due to water vapor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the ISO judge if all four attributes of smoke are not changing quickly?

<p>Firefighting efforts are insufficient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does wind play in influencing smoke leaving a building?

<p>Wind can affect the direction and speed of the smoke plume leaving a building. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when outside air temperatures are well below freezing in relation to smoke leaving a building?

<p>Smoke turns white almost instantly due to moisture condensation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does black fire pose a danger similar to flames?

<p>It causes destruction through charring, heat damage, and other means similar to flames. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should ISOs do if firefighters entering the building after the fan is introduced report zero visibility and high heat?

<p>Instruct firefighters to cool their environment and retreat until conditions improve. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a warning sign for an ISO to intervene and stop or alter PPA tactics?

<p>Smoke VVDC leaving the exhaust opening thickening after a full minute of air introduction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Three-Step Process for Reading Smoke aim to help ISOs with?

<p>Understanding fire size, location, and spread potential. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for ISOs to monitor smoke conditions and firefighter actions during firefighting operations?

<p>To make interventions to stop or alter ventilation tactics if necessary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if positive-pressure attack (PPA) tactics are not used properly?

<p>Disastrous results leading to negative outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should ISOs do if they notice smoke conditions getting faster/thicker/darker in seconds while interior operations are underway?

<p>Initiate immediate action to prevent firefighter injury or death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should ISOs look for as firefighting efforts progress during an incident?

<p>'Positive' changes in smoke conditions indicating improved safety. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should ISOs take if they observe an imminent hostile fire event?

<p>Initiate immediate action to prevent potential firefighter injury or death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor that should prompt an ISO to advise firefighters using PPA tactics to retreat?

<p>Zero visibility reported by firefighters entering with the fan, along with high heat levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might happen if an ISO fails to capture any warning signs from the smoke during firefighting operations?

<p>Firefighter safety could be compromised due to missed indicators of hostile fire events. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential outcome if an ISO fails to integrate reading smoke principles into their decision-making process?

<p>The ability to make informed decisions based on fire size and spread may decrease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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