Ch 13 249-254

Among the factors that make below grade fires so deadly is _____ ventilation and ____ routes.

A basement is an area where at least __ percent of its height is ____ the adjacent grade

A cellar is an area where ___ percent of its height is _____ the adjacent grade

The distinct between the two relies largely on how much wall space is available for _____. This in turn impacts ventilation of space, escape routes and _____ access

Cellars typically have ____ windows, if any and doors that may only be accessible by an ______ area way

Building construction issues that relate to below grade fires include _____ floor support systems.

The open joist ceiling adds to the fire load and channels heat and fire to the ____ walls which may be of balloon frame

To determine if the floor in front of you will support your weight, strike the area in front of the nozzle team with a tool or with the ____ of your extended leg. If any weakness or _____ is detected, stop and consider the situation before advancing

Post a ____ near all approaches to the danger area. Cover the hole with a ____ or place a piece of _____ over the opening or tape the area with hazard tape .

FFs operating remotely from either side of a building on grade may not recognize which area is the ____ floor and which is the basement or ____

A full ____ degree size up should be done by atleast __ person who has seen and can comprehend the various levels. Preferably by the __

_______ are found only in buildings built on grade (usually rather steep grades )

A subbasement is found below the basement, usually ___ levels below the street entrance

When there is access to different levels from different sides of a structure it’s particularly important to determine how many levels are ___ and ____ each point of entry and to ensure that the fire is not burning below unsuspecting companies

The windows that can at times allow ventilation and hoseline access can also allow ___ to enter the fire area right at the ____ of the flames causing fire gases to rapidly go up the interior stairs like a a wood burning stove called the _____ effect

In a brownstone often the most direct entry to the fire in a basement is through the door ____ the stairs.

A second hoseline at a brownstone should still be stretched to the floor ___ the fire by way of the exterior front staircase, also called the ___, in order to stop extension to the upper floors

What makes below-grade fires deadly?

What defines a basement?

What defines a cellar?

What's the main difference between a basement and a cellar?

How are cellars characterized?

How do building construction issues affect below-grade fires?

How do open joist ceilings impact below-grade fires?

How should firefighters assess floor stability in below-grade spaces?

How should firefighters mark hazardous areas in below-grade spaces?

What challenges do firefighters face when operating from different sides of a building?

Who should conduct a size-up of a multi-level building?

What are subbasements and where are they found?

What's important when accessing different levels from different sides of a building?

Why can windows be dangerous in below-grade fires?

What's often the easiest entry point for basement fires in brownstones?

Where should a second hoseline be placed in a brownstone fire?