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What is NOT a design objective that must be integrated for fire safety?
What is NOT a design objective that must be integrated for fire safety?
Which of the following must be ensured for a building's fire safety management?
Which of the following must be ensured for a building's fire safety management?
Which fire safety tactic focuses on preventing fire hazards?
Which fire safety tactic focuses on preventing fire hazards?
In the context of fire safety, what does 'escape' primarily refer to?
In the context of fire safety, what does 'escape' primarily refer to?
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What is a characteristic of fire safety components?
What is a characteristic of fire safety components?
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Which combination of fire safety tactics is categorized under property protection?
Which combination of fire safety tactics is categorized under property protection?
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Which of the following tactics is primarily concerned with informing individuals during fire incidents?
Which of the following tactics is primarily concerned with informing individuals during fire incidents?
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What does the tactic of 'containment' aim to achieve during a fire emergency?
What does the tactic of 'containment' aim to achieve during a fire emergency?
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What is the minimum fire resistance rating required for each dormitory bedroom?
What is the minimum fire resistance rating required for each dormitory bedroom?
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When is compartmentation not required for a store room?
When is compartmentation not required for a store room?
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What type of internal structure is indicated in the dormitory layout?
What type of internal structure is indicated in the dormitory layout?
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What is the required fire resistance rating for a store room that exceeds 10 m² in a non-sprinklered building?
What is the required fire resistance rating for a store room that exceeds 10 m² in a non-sprinklered building?
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In the dormitory layout, what do the 'S1' and 'S2' markings represent?
In the dormitory layout, what do the 'S1' and 'S2' markings represent?
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How many fire doors (FD) are shown in the internal corridor area of the dormitory layout?
How many fire doors (FD) are shown in the internal corridor area of the dormitory layout?
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What fire safety measure is applicable to dormitory bedrooms according to the given structure?
What fire safety measure is applicable to dormitory bedrooms according to the given structure?
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What indication is given for a store room under specific size conditions?
What indication is given for a store room under specific size conditions?
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Which factor does NOT affect the exit requirements for a building?
Which factor does NOT affect the exit requirements for a building?
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What is the correct relationship between the Occupant Load (OL) and the Capacity of an Exit (EC)?
What is the correct relationship between the Occupant Load (OL) and the Capacity of an Exit (EC)?
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What does the Occupant Load (OL) calculation require?
What does the Occupant Load (OL) calculation require?
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Which of the following Purpose Groups represents a factory?
Which of the following Purpose Groups represents a factory?
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What best describes the Capacity of an Exit (EC)?
What best describes the Capacity of an Exit (EC)?
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For which Purpose Group would occupancy likely not exceed small residential limits?
For which Purpose Group would occupancy likely not exceed small residential limits?
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Which of the following is a primary consideration when determining travel distance to an exit?
Which of the following is a primary consideration when determining travel distance to an exit?
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What does a larger travel distance to an exit necessitate?
What does a larger travel distance to an exit necessitate?
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What is the minimum fire resistance rating required for the door opening into exit staircases in specific exceptions for buildings exceeding four stories?
What is the minimum fire resistance rating required for the door opening into exit staircases in specific exceptions for buildings exceeding four stories?
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In a basement situation, what is the required function of the smoke-free lobby?
In a basement situation, what is the required function of the smoke-free lobby?
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How many designated PWD Holding Points are required on every storey of a building?
How many designated PWD Holding Points are required on every storey of a building?
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What is the minimum clear width required for corridors serving as escape routes for PWD Holding Points?
What is the minimum clear width required for corridors serving as escape routes for PWD Holding Points?
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What is one condition where the omission of a smoke-free lobby is allowed for buildings over four stories?
What is one condition where the omission of a smoke-free lobby is allowed for buildings over four stories?
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What depth of basement storey requires a fire lift lobby according to the guidelines?
What depth of basement storey requires a fire lift lobby according to the guidelines?
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Which of the following is NOT a situation that allows for the omission of the smoke-free lobby?
Which of the following is NOT a situation that allows for the omission of the smoke-free lobby?
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What is the function of the smoke-free lobby in the context of emergency evacuation?
What is the function of the smoke-free lobby in the context of emergency evacuation?
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What is the most prioritized location for a PWD Holding Point?
What is the most prioritized location for a PWD Holding Point?
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What should a PWD Holding Point have for communication during an emergency?
What should a PWD Holding Point have for communication during an emergency?
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Where should the PWD Holding Point be located in relation to the exit staircase?
Where should the PWD Holding Point be located in relation to the exit staircase?
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Which element is required to display at every PWD Holding Point?
Which element is required to display at every PWD Holding Point?
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What is the purpose of incorporating PWD Holding areas into the Emergency Response Plan (ERP)?
What is the purpose of incorporating PWD Holding areas into the Emergency Response Plan (ERP)?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as an area for PWD Holding Point?
Which of the following is NOT listed as an area for PWD Holding Point?
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What is the maximum gradient allowed for exit ramps?
What is the maximum gradient allowed for exit ramps?
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What type of fire resistance rating is required for the wall of an external exit corridor?
What type of fire resistance rating is required for the wall of an external exit corridor?
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What is the minimum height requirement for a balustrade or parapet on an external staircase?
What is the minimum height requirement for a balustrade or parapet on an external staircase?
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What is the maximum tread depth for a spiral staircase?
What is the maximum tread depth for a spiral staircase?
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Which staircase type requires a pressurized exit staircase?
Which staircase type requires a pressurized exit staircase?
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What is required at a fire lift lobby as part of the PWD evacuation process?
What is required at a fire lift lobby as part of the PWD evacuation process?
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Which item is essential for exit facilities to ensure safety during evacuation?
Which item is essential for exit facilities to ensure safety during evacuation?
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When considering the siting of PWD Holding Points, what should not happen?
When considering the siting of PWD Holding Points, what should not happen?
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Study Notes
Fire Safety Objectives
- Fire safety objectives: aesthetics, functionality, technology and economy.
Design Considerations
- Designers must be conscious of fire safety objectives and tactics.
Fire Safety Tactics
- Five fire safety tactics include: prevention, communication, escape, containment and extinguishment.
Fire Safety Components
- Fire safety components include: the building, furniture, fittings, occupants and fire safety systems such as sprinklers.
Structure Fire Precautions
- For buildings without sprinklers, store rooms exceeding 10 square meters need to be individually compartmentalized with a fire resistance rating of at least one hour.
- Sprinklered buildings do not need compartmentation for store rooms.
Types of Travel Distances
- Chapters in the Fire Safety Management document cover details on travel distances and exit facilities.
Determination of Exit Requirements
- Exit requirements are influenced by factors such as occupancy type, area, occupant load per room or floor, exit capacity and travel distance to an exit.
Purpose Groups
- Different purpose groups exist with specific regulations related to fire safety, such as PG I (small residential), PG II (other residential), PG III (institution), PG IV (office) and others.
Occupant Load (OL) vs. Exit Capacity (EC)
- Occupant load: The number of persons that can occupy a building at any one time.
- Exit capacity: The maximum number of people allowed to use exit staircases or exit doors.
Occupant Load Calculation
- To calculate occupant load, the floor area available for occupation is multiplied by the appropriate areas per person from Table 1.4B in the Fire Code, unless prior approval is obtained from the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) for other occupancy load factors.
Smoke-Free Approach to Exit Staircase
- In basement occupancies, a smoke-free lobby must be provided for both a fire lift lobby and at least one exit staircase, and the smoke-free lobby must be mechanically ventilated.
- For buildings exceeding four storeys, omitting the smoke-free lobby leading to the exit staircase is allowed under certain conditions, including cross-ventilation, non-purpose group III and VII buildings, internal exit staircase with pressurization, and external exit staircase construction.
Person with Disabilities (PWD) Holding Areas
- PWD holding points should be provided on all storeys except for the first or grade level to enable PWDs to safely wait for assistance during evacuation.
- At least two designated PWD holding points must be positioned remotely on every storey, except for buildings with a single exit staircase.
- In a fire emergency, there should be a suitable means of communication between the PWD holding point and the Fire Control Centre (FCC) or a 24-hour manned station.
Exit Facilities
- Types of exit facilities include: internal exit passageway, external exit passageway, internal exit staircase and external exit staircase.
Internal Exit Passageway
- Internal exit passageways must be at least 1.5 meters wide, have fire doors, and a full height masonry wall separating them from exterior walls.
External Exit Corridor/Passageway
- External corridor/passageways must have a minimum fire resistance rating of one hour, be at least 1.1 meters above the corridor floor level, have a roof over the passageway and be a minimum of 1100mm wide for external corridors and 1800mm for external exit passageways.
- Parapet or balustrade must be at least 1 meter high.
Internal Staircase & Smoke-Free Lobby
- Industrial units must have smoke-free lobbies with a one-hour rated fire door, a fire lift lobby with a one-hour rated fire door and fire lift with a pressurization shaft.
External Staircase
- External staircases should be at least 3 metres away from industrial units and be separated by full height masonry walls.
Spiral Staircase
- Spiral staircases should have a maximum height of 10 metres with a tread depth of 190 mm, a headroom of at least 2.1 meters, and a maximum rise of 175mm.
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Description
Explore the essential objectives, tactics, and components of fire safety management. This quiz covers design considerations, fire safety precautions, and exit requirements to ensure safety in buildings. Test your knowledge on the key aspects of fire safety and its implementation in various scenarios.
