Fire Safety Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following contribute to large loss-of-life fires? (Select all that apply)

  • Adequate fire protection systems
  • Inaccessible exits (correct)
  • Improperly designed exits (correct)
  • Locked or blocked exit doors (correct)
  • What are the three basic elements of a means of egress system?

    The exit access, the exit, the exit discharge

    Define 'Means of Egress'.

    Safe, continuous path of travel from any point in a structure to a public way.

    What subsystems does a means of egress rely on?

    <p>Automatic sprinklers, fire-resistant construction, exit signs, door hardware, exit illumination, handrails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Public Way?

    <p>Parcel of land such as a street or sidewalk used by the public for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures may a means of egress system pass through according to NFPA 101?

    <p>Intervening room spaces, doorways, corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, courts, yards, horizontal exits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'Area of Refuge'.

    <p>An area where persons unable to use stairways can remain temporarily during emergency evacuation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Clear Width' refer to?

    <p>Actual unobstructed opening size of an exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where must the means of egress terminate?

    <p>In a public way or an area of refuge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a public way have in terms of clear width and height?

    <p>10 feet (3 m)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

    <p>Federal statute intended to remove barriers limiting access by individuals with disabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the design requirements for the area of refuge meet?

    <p>ICC/ANSI 117.1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Exit?

    <p>Portion of a means of egress that provides a protected way of travel to the exit discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Exit Access refer to?

    <p>Portion of a means of egress that leads to the exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum width requirement for stairways in multistoried buildings?

    <p>44 inches (1 100 mm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NFPA® permit regarding wall finishes in exits?

    <p>Only Class A or B interior finishes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much force is required to release the latch on panic hardware?

    <p>15 pounds (7.5 N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to operate access-controlled egress?

    <p>A sensor detects an approaching occupant and power loss unlocks the doors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must delayed egress doors allow?

    <p>Must permit the door to open within 15 seconds after a force is applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Dead-End Corridor?

    <p>A corridor with no outlet to a means of egress that is more than 20 feet (6 m) in length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'occupant load' refer to?

    <p>Total number of persons for which the means of egress of a building is designed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'Gross' in relation to building space.

    <p>Entire square footage of a space measured wall to wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Net' square footage?

    <p>Gross square footage minus area taken up by non-occupancy items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required fire resistance rating for areas of refuge?

    <p>At least 1-hour minimum fire-resistance rating when connecting three stories or fewer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum slope for new exit ramps?

    <p>1 to 12 (1 foot rise for every 12 feet of horizontal distance).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Means of Egress Overview

    • Refers to a safe, continuous path from any point in a structure to a public way.
    • Composed of three basic elements: exit access, exit, and exit discharge.

    Common Factors in Loss-of-Life Fires

    • Locked or blocked exit doors, improperly designed or marked exits, and inaccessible exits contribute to fatalities.
    • Inadequate fire protection systems, combustible materials, and overcrowded spaces are significant risks.

    Components of Means of Egress

    • Includes subsystems such as automatic sprinklers, fire-resistance-rated construction (doors and walls), exit signs, illumination, and handrails.
    • The means must terminate in a public way or an area of refuge.

    Area of Refuge

    • Provides a temporary safe space for individuals unable to use stairways during an emergency.

    Regulatory Codes and Standards

    • Governed by NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code) and American with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, ensuring accessibility and safety in public spaces.
    • Exit design must meet ICC/ANSI 117.1 requirements for accessibility.

    Exit Definitions

    • Exit: Separated portion of a means of egress providing a protected travel route to the exit discharge.
    • Exit Access: Path leading to the exit, including hallways and corridors.
    • Exit Discharge: Portion between the exit and public way.

    Horizontal Exits

    • Provide egress between buildings or through fire barrier walls at the same level.
    • Must not account for more than 50% of total exit capacity.
    • Require fire walls or barriers with at least a 2-hour fire-resistance rating.

    Smokeproof Enclosures

    • Stairways designed to minimize smoke penetration, ensuring safer egress during fires.
    • Can be made smokeproof through pressurization or mechanical ventilation.

    Door Requirements

    • Exit doors must open in the direction of travel toward the primary exit based on occupancy and load.
    • Minimum clear width for exit doors in new buildings is 32 inches.

    Panic Hardware

    • Must operate with no more than 15 pounds force to release the latch and 30 pounds to set in motion.
    • Alarms may activate when panic hardware is used, alerting staff.

    Delayed Egress Systems

    • Allow doors to unlock upon loss of power or activation of fire systems, with a maximum opening delay of 15-30 seconds.
    • Must include clear labeling and audible alarms.

    Securing Exits

    • Security bars can impede emergency personnel, posing risks during emergencies.
    • Doors must be designed to allow easy access for occupants while providing security from outside.

    Fire Ratings and Wall Finishes

    • Fire walls and barriers' ratings depend on building type and occupancy, impacting interior finish materials.

    Stairway Specifications

    • Minimum width for stairs in multistoried buildings is 44 inches, decreasing to 36 inches if the load is under 50 occupants.
    • Landings are required for stair flights exceeding 12 feet in height.
    • Handrails are necessary for stairways and may require intermediate railings for wide stairs.

    Emergency Lighting and Signage

    • Emergency lights need battery or auxiliary power.
    • Markings should direct occupants to exits within 100 feet, with exit signs featuring specific size requirements for visibility.

    Occupant Load Calculations

    • Total number of persons a building can safely accommodate is defined as occupant load, determined during plans review.
    • Gross area refers to total square footage; net area considers space occupied by furniture and non-useable areas.

    Path Configurations

    • Dead-end corridors exist without egress for more than 20 feet in length.
    • Common paths of travel are the routes all occupants must take before diverging to separate exits.

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    Description

    Explore key concepts from Chapter 7 on means of egress in fire safety. These flashcards cover crucial factors that contribute to large loss-of-life fires and break down the essential elements of an egress system. Test your knowledge and understanding of fire safety protocols and design requirements.

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