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Questions and Answers
What is one major benefit of an active fire protection system in high-rise buildings?
What is one major benefit of an active fire protection system in high-rise buildings?
Where is the preferred location for the fire command center (FCC) in relation to the fire alarm control panel (FACP)?
Where is the preferred location for the fire command center (FCC) in relation to the fire alarm control panel (FACP)?
What should be clearly identified in the preincident fire plans?
What should be clearly identified in the preincident fire plans?
How do active fire protection systems influence the response to a fire incident before firefighters arrive?
How do active fire protection systems influence the response to a fire incident before firefighters arrive?
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What is one of the primary functions of fire protection systems in buildings?
What is one of the primary functions of fire protection systems in buildings?
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Which of these responses is NOT a role of active fire protection systems?
Which of these responses is NOT a role of active fire protection systems?
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Why is occupant safety particularly challenging in tall buildings?
Why is occupant safety particularly challenging in tall buildings?
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What should be included in the design of active fire protection systems for high-rise buildings?
What should be included in the design of active fire protection systems for high-rise buildings?
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What is the maximum distance allowed from a standpipe connection to an auxiliary hose outlet in a building?
What is the maximum distance allowed from a standpipe connection to an auxiliary hose outlet in a building?
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What is the primary function of the auxiliary hose outlet sign that says 'Deluge System Hose Rack/Activate Deluge Pull Station'?
What is the primary function of the auxiliary hose outlet sign that says 'Deluge System Hose Rack/Activate Deluge Pull Station'?
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What classification of standpipe system provides a 2½" (64 mm) hoseline connection for buildings that are three or more stories tall?
What classification of standpipe system provides a 2½" (64 mm) hoseline connection for buildings that are three or more stories tall?
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In the case of non-automatic systems, who must supply water through the inlet valve?
In the case of non-automatic systems, who must supply water through the inlet valve?
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What is essential to include on the building's BIC and battle plans regarding anomalies?
What is essential to include on the building's BIC and battle plans regarding anomalies?
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What is a major advantage of using a Class L standpipe system for fire attacks?
What is a major advantage of using a Class L standpipe system for fire attacks?
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What must be done if the same floor hose outlet is used to charge the system with water?
What must be done if the same floor hose outlet is used to charge the system with water?
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What type of valve is associated with the Class L standpipe system?
What type of valve is associated with the Class L standpipe system?
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What shall happen when the alarm is activated in relation to construction work at the site?
What shall happen when the alarm is activated in relation to construction work at the site?
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What is used to fill a dry standpipe system during construction of a tall building?
What is used to fill a dry standpipe system during construction of a tall building?
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What action must be taken following an alarm activation regarding the standpipe system?
What action must be taken following an alarm activation regarding the standpipe system?
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What is the role of a manual dry standpipe in fire control?
What is the role of a manual dry standpipe in fire control?
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What must happen before resuming work after the standpipe system is under investigation?
What must happen before resuming work after the standpipe system is under investigation?
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What type of systems may include a combination of a standpipe riser and a floor sprinkler branch line?
What type of systems may include a combination of a standpipe riser and a floor sprinkler branch line?
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Which section of the New York City Fire Code must be complied with while a standpipe system is out?
Which section of the New York City Fire Code must be complied with while a standpipe system is out?
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What needs to be done to restore the required pressure in a manual dry standpipe?
What needs to be done to restore the required pressure in a manual dry standpipe?
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What is the primary function of a preaction sprinkler system?
What is the primary function of a preaction sprinkler system?
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Which areas are commonly protected by preaction systems?
Which areas are commonly protected by preaction systems?
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How does a preaction sprinkler system become operational?
How does a preaction sprinkler system become operational?
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What is the role of the isolation valve in a preaction system?
What is the role of the isolation valve in a preaction system?
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What type of gases are commonly used to pressurize a preaction sprinkler system?
What type of gases are commonly used to pressurize a preaction sprinkler system?
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What should firefighters note about the preaction sprinkler system during a fire company recon?
What should firefighters note about the preaction sprinkler system during a fire company recon?
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Which of the following is NOT typically associated with preaction sprinkler systems?
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with preaction sprinkler systems?
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What does the term 'clean agents' refer to in the context of fire extinguishing systems?
What does the term 'clean agents' refer to in the context of fire extinguishing systems?
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What is the first step to reactivate a sprinkler zone after heads have fused?
What is the first step to reactivate a sprinkler zone after heads have fused?
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What indication do firefighters have that a sprinkler head has been activated?
What indication do firefighters have that a sprinkler head has been activated?
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What should firefighters be cautious about when there is heavily stacked stock in a fire area?
What should firefighters be cautious about when there is heavily stacked stock in a fire area?
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What is the primary function of the portable ladder for firefighters in a sprinkler system fire?
What is the primary function of the portable ladder for firefighters in a sprinkler system fire?
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What is the purpose of an air bleeder valve in a sprinkler system?
What is the purpose of an air bleeder valve in a sprinkler system?
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What is typically located in a spare sprinkler cabinet within a fire pump room?
What is typically located in a spare sprinkler cabinet within a fire pump room?
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In a pressure tank system, what components help manage the water supply?
In a pressure tank system, what components help manage the water supply?
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What capacity is mentioned for a typical fire reserve water supply tank?
What capacity is mentioned for a typical fire reserve water supply tank?
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What is the requirement for telephone communication lines in a fire alarm system?
What is the requirement for telephone communication lines in a fire alarm system?
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What must the central monitoring station obtain from the fire department/brigade?
What must the central monitoring station obtain from the fire department/brigade?
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What challenge might arise with manual operation of the firefighters' smoke control system?
What challenge might arise with manual operation of the firefighters' smoke control system?
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What aspect of the fire alarm control panel is standardized for high-rise buildings?
What aspect of the fire alarm control panel is standardized for high-rise buildings?
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How can a fire alarm signal be transmitted to a remote monitoring station?
How can a fire alarm signal be transmitted to a remote monitoring station?
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Which buttons might be found on a fire alarm control panel?
Which buttons might be found on a fire alarm control panel?
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What is the significance of the central monitoring station's location?
What is the significance of the central monitoring station's location?
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What type of failure should be avoided in the arrangement of telephone communication lines?
What type of failure should be avoided in the arrangement of telephone communication lines?
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What is one of the key roles of an active fire protection system in tall buildings?
What is one of the key roles of an active fire protection system in tall buildings?
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Why is the FACP area considered a preferred location for the fire command center?
Why is the FACP area considered a preferred location for the fire command center?
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What must be clearly identified in preincident fire plans for a building?
What must be clearly identified in preincident fire plans for a building?
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What is the primary function of fire protection systems in tall buildings?
What is the primary function of fire protection systems in tall buildings?
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What additional benefit do active fire protection systems provide to first responders?
What additional benefit do active fire protection systems provide to first responders?
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What may result in unwarranted fire alarm activations during normal maintenance activities?
What may result in unwarranted fire alarm activations during normal maintenance activities?
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How often may cleaning of fire alarm devices be required in a tall building?
How often may cleaning of fire alarm devices be required in a tall building?
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Where is the FACP area not always located, despite its importance in emergencies?
Where is the FACP area not always located, despite its importance in emergencies?
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Active fire protection systems primarily aid in which aspect of firefighting?
Active fire protection systems primarily aid in which aspect of firefighting?
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What should be in place to help reduce fire alarm control panel malfunctions?
What should be in place to help reduce fire alarm control panel malfunctions?
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What document outlines instructions for implementing a preventive maintenance program for fire alarm systems?
What document outlines instructions for implementing a preventive maintenance program for fire alarm systems?
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What important feature does a balanced active fire protection system provide?
What important feature does a balanced active fire protection system provide?
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What must be recognized when conducting inspections and maintenance of fire alarm systems?
What must be recognized when conducting inspections and maintenance of fire alarm systems?
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What might a fire company face if a 911 follow-up call is not made before their arrival?
What might a fire company face if a 911 follow-up call is not made before their arrival?
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What could influence the mechanics of cleaning frequency for fire alarm devices?
What could influence the mechanics of cleaning frequency for fire alarm devices?
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What is a consequence of reducing the normal fire alarm assignment due to unwarranted activations?
What is a consequence of reducing the normal fire alarm assignment due to unwarranted activations?
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What is the primary purpose of installing standpipe systems in buildings?
What is the primary purpose of installing standpipe systems in buildings?
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Which type of standpipe system includes water at constant pressure throughout the system?
Which type of standpipe system includes water at constant pressure throughout the system?
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What type of jurisdiction may implement specific requirements for standpipe testing and maintenance?
What type of jurisdiction may implement specific requirements for standpipe testing and maintenance?
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What is a common requirement for individuals performing standpipe testing?
What is a common requirement for individuals performing standpipe testing?
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What is a significant characteristic of dry standpipe systems?
What is a significant characteristic of dry standpipe systems?
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Why are outlet connections for fire systems required to be located within a public corridor?
Why are outlet connections for fire systems required to be located within a public corridor?
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What is the NFPA 14 standard associated with?
What is the NFPA 14 standard associated with?
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What specific frequency might some jurisdictions require for licensing renewal regarding standpipe maintenance?
What specific frequency might some jurisdictions require for licensing renewal regarding standpipe maintenance?
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What recommendation does the NFPA make regarding fire alarm inspections for malfunctions?
What recommendation does the NFPA make regarding fire alarm inspections for malfunctions?
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What is a common cause of unwarranted fire alarms?
What is a common cause of unwarranted fire alarms?
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How does the response of multiple fire units to a false alarm typically affect business operations?
How does the response of multiple fire units to a false alarm typically affect business operations?
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What factors can lead to the occurrence of unwarranted alarms?
What factors can lead to the occurrence of unwarranted alarms?
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What effect do defects in the fire alarm system have on performance?
What effect do defects in the fire alarm system have on performance?
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When is the impact of unwarranted alarms on business interruptions minimized?
When is the impact of unwarranted alarms on business interruptions minimized?
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What type of incidents can cause nuisance unwarranted alarms?
What type of incidents can cause nuisance unwarranted alarms?
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What can contribute to the malfunction of a fire alarm control panel (FACP)?
What can contribute to the malfunction of a fire alarm control panel (FACP)?
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What common activity can inadvertently trigger fire alarms without being a fire threat?
What common activity can inadvertently trigger fire alarms without being a fire threat?
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What may dictate a different cleaning cycle for fire alarm devices in tall buildings?
What may dictate a different cleaning cycle for fire alarm devices in tall buildings?
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What is a result of increased unwarranted fire alarm activations?
What is a result of increased unwarranted fire alarm activations?
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What is essential for ensuring effective preventive maintenance of fire alarm systems?
What is essential for ensuring effective preventive maintenance of fire alarm systems?
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In the event of a fire alarm activation, what additional step is expected from the first-arriving fire company?
In the event of a fire alarm activation, what additional step is expected from the first-arriving fire company?
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What should be prioritized to reduce malfunctions in fire alarm control systems?
What should be prioritized to reduce malfunctions in fire alarm control systems?
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What complicates the first response to a fire incident in tall buildings?
What complicates the first response to a fire incident in tall buildings?
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What characteristic of fire alarm systems is targeted by the NFPA 72 code?
What characteristic of fire alarm systems is targeted by the NFPA 72 code?
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What is the minimum interval at which standpipe systems must undergo hydrostatic pressure tests?
What is the minimum interval at which standpipe systems must undergo hydrostatic pressure tests?
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How often should a full flow test be conducted on each valve in a standpipe system?
How often should a full flow test be conducted on each valve in a standpipe system?
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What is the role of a manifold connection in a standpipe system?
What is the role of a manifold connection in a standpipe system?
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What flow rate does each hose outlet in a standpipe system provide according to the standards?
What flow rate does each hose outlet in a standpipe system provide according to the standards?
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What is the mandatory action when a standpipe system is out of service?
What is the mandatory action when a standpipe system is out of service?
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What standards govern the inspection, testing, and maintenance of standpipe systems?
What standards govern the inspection, testing, and maintenance of standpipe systems?
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What is one requirement for a standpipe system's maintenance according to city regulations?
What is one requirement for a standpipe system's maintenance according to city regulations?
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Which device is defined as critical for regulating hose connection pressure in a standpipe system?
Which device is defined as critical for regulating hose connection pressure in a standpipe system?
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What key feature does the fire alarm control panel (FACP) provide to enhance communication during an incident?
What key feature does the fire alarm control panel (FACP) provide to enhance communication during an incident?
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Why is it recommended for a secondary FACP to be located on a different floor than the lobby?
Why is it recommended for a secondary FACP to be located on a different floor than the lobby?
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What type of communication is NOT typically supported by the fire alarm control panel (FACP)?
What type of communication is NOT typically supported by the fire alarm control panel (FACP)?
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What is one purpose of the floor fire warden red phone in relation to firefighter operations?
What is one purpose of the floor fire warden red phone in relation to firefighter operations?
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What specific design consideration is emphasized for the building's exterior in the text?
What specific design consideration is emphasized for the building's exterior in the text?
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What aspect of voice communication systems in FACP enhances function during emergencies?
What aspect of voice communication systems in FACP enhances function during emergencies?
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What challenge does the design of staircases in tall buildings pose for firefighters?
What challenge does the design of staircases in tall buildings pose for firefighters?
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What feature of fire protection systems is crucial in apartment buildings during an alarm activation?
What feature of fire protection systems is crucial in apartment buildings during an alarm activation?
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What is a necessary procedure when using another building's standpipe riser as a temporary express drain riser?
What is a necessary procedure when using another building's standpipe riser as a temporary express drain riser?
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What is the first step to follow before conducting a bench test on PRVs?
What is the first step to follow before conducting a bench test on PRVs?
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Why is it important to mark PRVs before removal?
Why is it important to mark PRVs before removal?
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What challenge arises in testing standpipe PRV devices in existing tall buildings?
What challenge arises in testing standpipe PRV devices in existing tall buildings?
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What could be a potential risk if the required PRV five-year test is not conducted?
What could be a potential risk if the required PRV five-year test is not conducted?
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When conducting a standpipe riser hydrotest after reinstalling PRVs, why is this step necessary?
When conducting a standpipe riser hydrotest after reinstalling PRVs, why is this step necessary?
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What must be done after removing PRVs from a standpipe riser for testing?
What must be done after removing PRVs from a standpipe riser for testing?
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What common inconvenience might occur when rerouting hoseline connections during PRV testing?
What common inconvenience might occur when rerouting hoseline connections during PRV testing?
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What is the purpose of the FDC combination system signage that uses yellow caps?
What is the purpose of the FDC combination system signage that uses yellow caps?
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What common failure may occur when conducting a hydrostatic test on a standpipe system?
What common failure may occur when conducting a hydrostatic test on a standpipe system?
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How often does the New York City fire department require flow tests for high-rise residential buildings?
How often does the New York City fire department require flow tests for high-rise residential buildings?
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What can happen if debris accumulates at the FDC outlet?
What can happen if debris accumulates at the FDC outlet?
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What must be done to a supply line before a firefighter connects it to the FDC?
What must be done to a supply line before a firefighter connects it to the FDC?
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What issue can prevent the back flow check valve from functioning properly?
What issue can prevent the back flow check valve from functioning properly?
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What type of testing is required for the standpipe/sprinkler system every second cycle in New York City?
What type of testing is required for the standpipe/sprinkler system every second cycle in New York City?
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When would debris in an FDC outlet most likely be maliciously placed?
When would debris in an FDC outlet most likely be maliciously placed?
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Study Notes
Fire Protection Systems in Tall Buildings
- A balanced active fire protection system provides increased safety for occupants, visitors and firefighters in tall buildings.
- This system includes a fire alarm control panel (FACP) which provides information to firefighters about device activation and the status of building systems.
- The FACP is ideally the location for the fire command center (FCC), but its location needs to be clearly identified in pre-incident plans.
- Active fire protection systems are designed to extinguish or control fires, activate alarms, and notify the fire department.
- The standpipe system, a key part of fire protection, is composed of risers and floor branch lines, allowing firefighters to connect hoses and deliver water to the fire.
- Standpipe systems can be automatic, dry, or combination systems, with different classifications (Class L, Class III) depending on hose size and functionality.
- A preaction sprinkler system combines fire alarm devices with a dry sprinkler system, requiring an initial activation (e.g., smoke detector) to allow water into the system.
- Preaction systems protect sensitive areas like data centers and are often used as a replacement to systems utilizing halon or other clean agents.
- Other fire protection systems found in tall buildings include clean agents, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, halon, and water mist systems, each with its own advantages and applications.
Fire Protection Systems in Tall Buildings
- Occupant safety is paramount in tall buildings, which present significant challenges.
- A balanced, active fire protection system is vital for life safety, ensuring the safety of owners, occupants, visitors, contractors, firefighters and other first responders.
- The fire protection system (FPS) in a tall building automatically triggers the fire alarm system (FAS) before the arrival of emergency services.
- FPS plays a vital role in controlling fires, aiding in extinguishing or controlling fire spread.
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Fire Alarm Control Panels (FACP)
- FACPs provide valuable information to firefighters.
- The preferred location for the fire command center (FCC) is within or near the main lobby entrance.
- Its location should be clearly identified in pre-incident fire and battle plans in a tall building.
-
Unwarranted/Unnecessary Fire Alarms
- These activations can be caused due to various reasons such as malicious alarms, nuisance alarms, defects in the alarm or control panel, improper maintenance, improper placement of smoke detectors, testing or servicing, ordinary occurrences like burnt food or cigarette smoke, and normal maintenance activities generating heat or smoke.
- Such alarms do not warrant fire department safety concerns.
- To reduce FACP malfunctions, an effective preventive maintenance program is recommended.
- NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code Handbook provides guidelines for implementing such a program.
-
Central Monitoring Station
- A central monitoring station system is linked to the FACP to transmit fire alarms to a remote off-site monitoring center.
- The alarm signal should be transmitted through separate paths to ensure reliability.
- The central monitoring station should be approved by the local fire department/brigade and may require a license in some jurisdictions.
-
Standpipe Systems
- Standpipes are fire hydrants installed vertically in buildings, specifically for firefighters.
- They are generally installed according to NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems.
- Local authorities may require licensing for standpipe testing, inspection, and maintenance.
- Standpipe systems can be wet, dry, automatic, or non-automatic.
Standpipe Riser and Hose Outlets
- Wet standpipe systems contain water under constant pressure throughout the system.
- Dry standpipe systems are typically used during construction or demolition.
Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
- FACPs receive and identify initiating alarm device activation at the Fire Command Center (FCC)
- FACPs also feature a two-way or one-way voice communication system
- A two-way voice communication system notifies occupants and fire department/brigade operations
- FACP speaker system can broadcast messages to occupants via a message over speaker system
- FACP speaker system can amplify messages on select floors and/or broadcast throughout the building
FACP Malfunctions and Unwarranted Alarms
- Some fire departments/brigades have reduced fire alarm assignments to only one engine company
- This reduction is due to an increase in unwarranted fire alarm activations and a challenge with responding to these incidents
- The first-arriving fire company may need to perform multiple tasks to ensure the life safety of occupants before the arrival of additional fire units and a chief officer
- A preventive maintenance program is recommended to help reduce FACP malfunctions
Fire Alarm Device Maintenance
- An effective preventive maintenance program should be in place to ensure FACP functionality
- Instructions for implementing such a program can be found in NFPA 72: National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code Handbook
- Inspection, testing, and maintenance must be conducted according to the manufacturer's instructions
- For tall buildings, a six-month interval for cleaning fire alarm devices is suggested due to an ambient condition, rather than annual cleaning
- This cleaning cycle is subject to the amount of dirt and dust accumulation on detecting devices, mechanical equipment, and elevator hoistway rooms
Manual Voice Communication Scripts for Fire Departments/Brigades
- In New York City, the fire department requires a five-year hydrostatic standpipe/sprinkler system test for each Fire Department Connection (FDC) for high-rise residential buildings
- Periodic system flow tests are conducted at 30-month intervals and must be witnessed by the fire department every other cycle
- Since the system between the FDC and the lower check valve is dry, debris or trash may accumulate
- Trash may be maliciously placed to obstruct the system, affecting standpipe/sprinkler system augmentation using this FDC
- It is crucial to visually check the FDC for any accumulations of debris or obstructions before connecting a supply line
- Common test failures occur when the ball drip valve is stuck in the open drain position or when the backflow check valve is seated or closed due to rust or sediment buildup
Pressure-Regulating Device (PRD) Testing
- A PRD is defined in NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
- Each PRD needs a full-flow test at 5-year intervals, compared to previous test results
- Adjustments must be made in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions
- When conducting a full flow test is impractical or impossible, an alternative method involves removing the PRVs and conducting a "bench" test at a certified facility
- Removing PRVs for a bench test requires a removal procedure and marking all PRVs to indicate stairwell, floor, and static pressure
Standpipe System Testing
- Standpipe systems need to be maintained, including inspections, testing, and servicing, according to NYC Fire Code (2008 ed.), FC 905 Standpipe Systems
- A hydrostatic pressure test and flow test need to be conducted at least once every five years
- These tests demonstrate the standpipe system's suitability for department use
- Tests need to be conducted in compliance with the rules and at the owner's risk and/or a representative's risk
- In buildings without parallel express drain risers, an alternative approach is to shut down and drain another building standpipe riser, using it as a temporary express drain riser
- This approach requires temporary replacement of the alternative drain riser and potentially running a hoseline connection through the floor corridor space from one stair to another
Pressure-Reducing Valves and Relief Valves
- NFPA 25: Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems outlines specific requirements for Pressure-Reducing Valves (PRVs) and Relief valves
- PRVs with conventional hose outlets need to be marked to indicate stairwell, floor, and static pressures
- This marking helps reduce the risk of placing the PRV on the wrong floor during re-installation
- Removing PRVs one at a time from a standpipe riser is recommended, on every other floor
- After re-installing all the bench-tested PRVs, a standpipe riser hydrotest needs to be conducted
- Testing standpipe PRV devices within an enclosed stairwell without a 3" express drain poses a challenge in many existing tall buildings
- The lack of express drain risers presents a good example for the fire service to address PRV testing deficiencies in code developments
- The lack of conducting the required PRV five-year test increases firefighter risk
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Description
Test your knowledge on fire protection systems designed for tall buildings. This quiz covers topics such as active fire protection, fire alarm control panels, and the standpipe system. Understand the critical components that ensure safety for occupants and firefighters alike.
