Fingerprint Patterns and Types

Questions and Answers

What is an arch in fingerprint patterns?

A fingerprint pattern where ridges originate from one side and leave from the other (correct)

A ridge pattern that flows inward

A three-dimensional fingerprint made in soft material

A visible fingerprint with substance on it

What is the definition of a core in fingerprint patterns?

A center of a loop or whorl.

What is a delta in fingerprint patterns?

A triangular ridge pattern with ridges that go in different directions.

What is a fingerprint?

An impression left on any surface that consists of patterns made by the ridges on a finger. Signup and view all the answers

What is a latent fingerprint?

A hidden fingerprint made visible through powders or other techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What is a loop in fingerprint patterns?

A fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern flows inward and returns in the direction of the origin. Signup and view all the answers

What are minutiae in fingerprints?

The combination of details in the shapes and positions of ridges in fingerprints. Signup and view all the answers

What is a patent fingerprint?

A visible fingerprint that happens when fingers with substance touch a surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is a plastic fingerprint?

A three-dimensional fingerprint made in soft material. Signup and view all the answers

What is a ridge pattern in fingerprints?

The recognizable pattern of the ridges found in the end joints of fingers. Signup and view all the answers

What is a ten card?

A form used to record and preserve a person's fingerprints. Signup and view all the answers

What is a whorl in fingerprint patterns?

A fingerprint pattern that resembles a bull's-eye. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Dr. Nehemiah Gray?

The first European to publish friction ridge skin observations, in 1684. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Johann Crisoph Andreas Mayer?

First to recognize that each set of fingerprints is unique, in 1788. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Jan Purkyn?

Published a thesis discussing fingerprint patterns in 1823. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sir William Herschel?

The first to use fingerprints on native contracts in 1856. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alphonse Bertillion?

Developed the first scientific system of personal identification called anthropometry in 1879. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sir Edmund Richard Henry?

Developed the classification system for fingerprints that is still used today, in 1896. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Juan Vucetich?

Began the first fingerprint files in 1891 and made the first criminal fingerprint identification in 1892. Signup and view all the answers

How are fingerprints formed?

At the beginning of the 10th week of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of fingerprint patterns with their descriptions:

Arches = 5% of people, ridges enter from one side and leave from the other Whorls = 30% of people, resemble a bull's-eye with 2 deltas Loops = 65% of people, enter from either side and exit the same side Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a tented and plain arch pattern?

Tented arch forms an angle or has loop characteristics, while plain arch shows ridges entering and exiting without an angle. Signup and view all the answers

Name three different whorl patterns.

<ol> <li>Plain whorl 2. Central pocket loop whorl 3. Composite whorl.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fingerprint Patterns

Arch: Ridge pattern that enters and exits from opposite sides.
Core: Central area of a loop or whorl fingerprint.
Delta: Triangular ridge pattern where ridges diverge above and below a triangle.
Loop: Ridge pattern that flows inward and then returns outward on the same side.
Whorl: Bull's-eye fingerprint pattern, characterized by circular ridges.

Types of Fingerprints

Latent Fingerprint: Hidden prints made visible through powders or techniques.
Patent Fingerprint: Visible prints created by fingers contaminated with substances like ink or blood.
Plastic Fingerprint: Three-dimensional impressions left in soft materials like clay or wax.

Fingerprint Characteristics

Minutiae: Unique details in ridge shapes and positions that distinguish individual fingerprints, also known as ridge characteristics.
Ridge Pattern: Distinctive arrangement of ridges in fingerprints, classified into arches, loops, and whorls.

Historical Figures in Fingerprinting

Dr. Nehemiah Gray: First European to publish observations on friction ridge skin in 1684.
Johann Crisoph Andreas Mayer: Recognized uniqueness of fingerprints in 1788.
Jan Purkyn: Discussed fingerprint patterns in a 1823 thesis.
Sir William Herschel: First to use fingerprints for contracts in 1856.
Alphonse Bertillion: Developed anthropometry; first to identify criminals via fingerprints in the early 1900s.
Sir Edmund Richard Henry: Created the classification system for fingerprints in 1896 still used today.
Juan Vucetich: Established the first fingerprint files in 1891 and conducted the first criminal fingerprint identification.

Fingerprint Formation

Formed around the 10th week of pregnancy due to the rapid growth of the basel layer of the epidermis, leading to unique patterns for identification and functionality.

Fingerprint Classification

Arches: 5% occurrence; ridges rise in the center and flow out.
Whorls: 30% occurrence; circular patterns with two deltas.
Loops: 65% occurrence; ridges enter and exit on the same side.

Arch Patterns

Tented Arch: 1% occurrence; forms an angle, similar to a loop.
Plain Arch: 4% occurrence; smooth flow without angles.

Whorl Patterns

Plain Whorl: 24% occurrence; complete spiral with two deltas.
Central Pocket Loop Whorl: 2% occurrence; specific configuration yet to be fully detailed.

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Description

Explore the intricate world of fingerprint patterns and the types of fingerprints found in forensic science. This quiz covers various concepts such as arches, loops, whorls, and unique fingerprint characteristics. Test your knowledge on how fingerprints are classified and their significance in identification.