AFIS Overview and Fingerprint Patterns

Study Notes

AFIS Overview

AFIS stands for Automated Fingerprint Identification System, a technology used for identifying individuals based on their unique fingerprint patterns.

Fingerprint Patterns

Three main fingerprint patterns exist:
- Arch: Represents 5% of fingerprints.
- Loop: Accounts for 60-70% of fingerprints, characterized by its circular or spiral formation.
- Whorl: Constitutes 25-35%, featuring concentric circles.

Types of Fingerprints

Fingerprints are classified into three types:
- Latent: Invisible to the naked eye; often require enhancement to be visualized.
- Patent: Visible fingerprints that are usually left on a surface.
- Plastic: 3-dimensional imprints, often seen in softer materials like wax or clay.

Latent Fingerprints

Latent fingerprints are not visible without special techniques—they can be crucial in crime scene investigations.

Patent Fingerprints

Patent fingerprints are readily observable and can be found on surfaces where substances such as ink or blood are present.

Plastic Fingerprints

Plastic fingerprints leave a lasting impression in soft materials, making them significant for evidence collection.

Policy for Fingerprints

The operational policy governing the use and management of fingerprints is known as Ops-50.

Surfaces for Fingerprint Collection

Fingerprints can be collected from two types of surfaces:
- Smooth: Non-porous surfaces such as glass or metal.
- Porous: Materials that can absorb moisture, such as paper or cardboard.

Description

Explore the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) and learn about the different types of fingerprint patterns, including arches, loops, and whorls. Understand the distinctions between latent, patent, and plastic fingerprints, and their significance in forensic investigations.