18 Questions
What is the major division in fingerprint analysis based on the text?
Fingerprint Patterns and Classification
How many general groups of fingerprint patterns are mentioned in the text?
8
What do ulnar and radial loops vary according to, as per the text?
Direction of the ulnar bone or radius bone
How many types of fingerprint patterns are there on the Henry System with FBI modifications, as per the text?
8
Which principle states that fingerprints are a reliable positive means of identification?
Principle of Infallibility
What is the final division in fingerprint analysis based on the discussion in the text?
(A-L-W Family) Groups
In fingerprint analysis, which type of whorl pattern has a tracing ridge that runs inside or above the right delta with three or more intervening ridges?
Inner Whorl
What is the process called where the corresponding symbol of fingerprints is written below each pattern on a fingerprint chart?
Blocking the Fingerprint
Which division in the fingerprint Classification Formula results from the product of ridge counting and ridge tracing, leading to the I, M, O System?
Sub-Secondary Division
What does the Major Division in fingerprint analysis result in, similar to the Sub-Secondary Division but differing in ridge counting?
S, M, L System
Which type of whorl pattern has a tracing ridge that runs below or outside the right delta with three or more intervening ridges?
Outer Whorl
What is the Primary Division in the fingerprint Classification Formula represented by?
Numerical value
What is the primary division in fingerprint classification based on?
Numerical value assigned to whorl patterns
How is the final division represented in fingerprint analysis?
Sum of ridge counts in loops and whorls of the little finger
What is the key division in fingerprint analysis based on?
Numerical value assigned to whorl patterns
In fingerprint classification, what patterns have numerical values assigned to them?
Whorls such as plain, central double, and accidental whorls
How are fingerprint impressions paired in the process of determining primary division?
Pairing of ten impressions into five groups based on fingers
What is the sub-secondary division in fingerprint analysis concerned with?
Assigning numerical values to various fingerprints patterns
Study Notes
Principles of Fingerprinting
- The Principle of Permanency/Constancy states that once ridges are fully developed, their general arrangement remains the same throughout a person's life.
- The Principle of Infallibility states that fingerprints are a reliable means of identification.
Purpose and Application of Personal Identification
- Prevent impersonation (changing personal data)
- Speedily identify a wrongdoer (falsification, forgery)
- Serve to give evidence (identification of criminals)
- Help to identify victims of disaster, calamities, floods, etc.
- Identify bodies whose cadavers are beyond recognition
- Aid the judiciary in penal treatment (fingerprint of prisoners)
- Prevent criminal substitution of the newly born
Fingerprint Patterns and Classification
- There are only three general groups of pattern (A-L-W Family)
- The three groups can be further subdivided
- There are eight types of fingerprint patterns on the Henry System with FBI modification
- Inner Whorl (I) - tracing ridge runs inside or above the right delta with three or more intervening ridges
- Outer Whorl (O) - tracing ridge runs below or outside the right delta with three or more intervening ridges
- Meeting Whorl (M) - tracing ridge with two or less intervening ridges
Classification of Fingerprints
- Primary Classification: check whether rolled fingerprint impressions were affixed in their proper place in the fingerprint chart
- Blocking the Fingerprint: writing below each pattern the corresponding symbol of the fingerprints in the space provided
- Fingerprint Classification Formula: composed of Primary, Secondary, Sub-Secondary, Major, Final, and Key Divisions
Fingerprint Classification Formula
- Primary Division: represented by numerical value
- Secondary Division: consisting of Capital and small letters
- Sub-Secondary Division: product of ridge counting and ridge tracing resulting in the I, M, O system
- Major Division: same as Sub-Secondary, differing in ridge counting, resulting in S, M, L system
- Final Division: represented by numerical value as a result of ridge counting both whorl and loop of the little finger
- Key Division: represented by numerical value resulting from the first ridge counting counted loop
Test your knowledge on fingerprint classification by determining number values resulting from ridge counting of whorls and loops. Explore the formula for primary and key divisions used in fingerprint analysis.
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