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Questions and Answers
What is the major division in fingerprint analysis based on the text?
What is the major division in fingerprint analysis based on the text?
- Purpose and Application of Personal Identification
- Fingerprint Patterns and Classification (correct)
- Principle of Permanency
- Principle of Infallibility
How many general groups of fingerprint patterns are mentioned in the text?
How many general groups of fingerprint patterns are mentioned in the text?
- 7
- 5
- 6
- 8 (correct)
What do ulnar and radial loops vary according to, as per the text?
What do ulnar and radial loops vary according to, as per the text?
- Characteristics of the Loops
- The number of sub secondary divisions
- Direction of the ulnar bone or radius bone (correct)
- FBI's classification system
How many types of fingerprint patterns are there on the Henry System with FBI modifications, as per the text?
How many types of fingerprint patterns are there on the Henry System with FBI modifications, as per the text?
Which principle states that fingerprints are a reliable positive means of identification?
Which principle states that fingerprints are a reliable positive means of identification?
What is the final division in fingerprint analysis based on the discussion in the text?
What is the final division in fingerprint analysis based on the discussion in the text?
In fingerprint analysis, which type of whorl pattern has a tracing ridge that runs inside or above the right delta with three or more intervening ridges?
In fingerprint analysis, which type of whorl pattern has a tracing ridge that runs inside or above the right delta with three or more intervening ridges?
What is the process called where the corresponding symbol of fingerprints is written below each pattern on a fingerprint chart?
What is the process called where the corresponding symbol of fingerprints is written below each pattern on a fingerprint chart?
Which division in the fingerprint Classification Formula results from the product of ridge counting and ridge tracing, leading to the I, M, O System?
Which division in the fingerprint Classification Formula results from the product of ridge counting and ridge tracing, leading to the I, M, O System?
What does the Major Division in fingerprint analysis result in, similar to the Sub-Secondary Division but differing in ridge counting?
What does the Major Division in fingerprint analysis result in, similar to the Sub-Secondary Division but differing in ridge counting?
Which type of whorl pattern has a tracing ridge that runs below or outside the right delta with three or more intervening ridges?
Which type of whorl pattern has a tracing ridge that runs below or outside the right delta with three or more intervening ridges?
What is the Primary Division in the fingerprint Classification Formula represented by?
What is the Primary Division in the fingerprint Classification Formula represented by?
What is the primary division in fingerprint classification based on?
What is the primary division in fingerprint classification based on?
How is the final division represented in fingerprint analysis?
How is the final division represented in fingerprint analysis?
What is the key division in fingerprint analysis based on?
What is the key division in fingerprint analysis based on?
In fingerprint classification, what patterns have numerical values assigned to them?
In fingerprint classification, what patterns have numerical values assigned to them?
How are fingerprint impressions paired in the process of determining primary division?
How are fingerprint impressions paired in the process of determining primary division?
What is the sub-secondary division in fingerprint analysis concerned with?
What is the sub-secondary division in fingerprint analysis concerned with?
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Study Notes
Principles of Fingerprinting
- The Principle of Permanency/Constancy states that once ridges are fully developed, their general arrangement remains the same throughout a person's life.
- The Principle of Infallibility states that fingerprints are a reliable means of identification.
Purpose and Application of Personal Identification
- Prevent impersonation (changing personal data)
- Speedily identify a wrongdoer (falsification, forgery)
- Serve to give evidence (identification of criminals)
- Help to identify victims of disaster, calamities, floods, etc.
- Identify bodies whose cadavers are beyond recognition
- Aid the judiciary in penal treatment (fingerprint of prisoners)
- Prevent criminal substitution of the newly born
Fingerprint Patterns and Classification
- There are only three general groups of pattern (A-L-W Family)
- The three groups can be further subdivided
- There are eight types of fingerprint patterns on the Henry System with FBI modification
- Inner Whorl (I) - tracing ridge runs inside or above the right delta with three or more intervening ridges
- Outer Whorl (O) - tracing ridge runs below or outside the right delta with three or more intervening ridges
- Meeting Whorl (M) - tracing ridge with two or less intervening ridges
Classification of Fingerprints
- Primary Classification: check whether rolled fingerprint impressions were affixed in their proper place in the fingerprint chart
- Blocking the Fingerprint: writing below each pattern the corresponding symbol of the fingerprints in the space provided
- Fingerprint Classification Formula: composed of Primary, Secondary, Sub-Secondary, Major, Final, and Key Divisions
Fingerprint Classification Formula
- Primary Division: represented by numerical value
- Secondary Division: consisting of Capital and small letters
- Sub-Secondary Division: product of ridge counting and ridge tracing resulting in the I, M, O system
- Major Division: same as Sub-Secondary, differing in ridge counting, resulting in S, M, L system
- Final Division: represented by numerical value as a result of ridge counting both whorl and loop of the little finger
- Key Division: represented by numerical value resulting from the first ridge counting counted loop
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