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Questions and Answers
What is the typical age range for a child to develop a mature pincer grasp?
At what age can a child typically make a tower of 5-6 cubes?
What is the typical age range for a child to start using monosyllables?
When does a child typically develop handedness?
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What is the typical age range for a child to start playing simple ball games?
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What should be done if a child does not attain a milestone by the upper age limit?
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According to the developmental milestones, what is the typical age for attaining the milestone of walking without support?
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Which of the following is NOT a domain of development in childhood?
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At what age does a child typically attain the milestone of standing with support?
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What is the typical sequence of attainment of gross motor milestones in childhood?
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At what age does a child typically attain the milestone of climbing with 1 foot/step upstairs?
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What is the typical age range for attaining the milestone of rolling over?
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At what age is the milestone of sitting typically achieved?
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What is the upper age limit for achieving the milestone of walking?
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At what age is the milestone of single words typically achieved?
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What is the formula for calculating the developmental quotient (DQ)?
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What is the definition of global developmental delay?
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What is the cause of nocturnal enuresis?
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Study Notes
Fine Motor Milestones
- Bidextrous grasp is attained at 4 months
- Unidextrous grasp: Ulnar (Immature) palmar grasp is attained at 6 months
- Unidextrous grasp: Radial (Mature) palmar grasp is attained at 8 months
- Immature pincer grasp (Hold with sides of fingers) is attained at 9 months
- Mature pincer grasp (Holds with tip of fingers) is attained at 12 months
- Makes tower of 2 cubes at 12 months
- Makes tower of 3-4 cubes at 18 months
- Draws line, makes tower of 5-6 cubes at 2 years
- Draws circle, makes tower of 8-9 cubes at 3 years
- Draws cross at 4.5 years
- Draws square at 5 years
- Draws triangle at 6 years
- Handedness develops by 3 years
Language Milestones
- Cooing (Musical) sound is attained at 3 months
- Monosyllables are attained at 6 months
- Bisyllables are attained at 9 months
- 1-2 words (Meaningful) are attained at 1 year
- 8-10 words are attained at 18 months
- Sentences are attained at 2 years
- Recognises and tells name, age, and gender at 3 years
- Tells story and rhymes at 4 years
Social Milestones
- Social smile is attained at 2 months
- Mother regard is attained at 3 months
- Stranger anxiety, smiles at mirror image is attained at 6 months
- Waves bye-bye, plays “peek a boo” at 9 months
- Simple ball game is attained at 1 year
- Parallel play (Non-interactive) is attained at 2.5-3 years
- Group play (Interactive play) is attained at 4 years
Red Flag Signs in Development
- If milestones are not attained by the upper age limit, evaluated for possible cause of delay in development
Precocious Puberty
- Caused by Central or Peripheral CNS (Pituitary & hypothalamus related) functioning tumors of ovary or testis
- Eg: McCune-Albright syndrome (triad)
- Hypothalamic hamartoma
- Precocious puberty (ovarian cysts)
- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- Cafe-au-lait macules
- Gliomas
Developmental Milestones
- 4 domains of development: Gross motor, Fine motor, Language, Social
Gross Motor Milestones
- Neck holding is attained at 3 months
- Roll over is attained at 4 months
- Sit with support, Tripod posture is attained at 6 months
- Sit without support, crawling is attained at 8 months
- Stand with support, creeping is attained at 10 months
- Stand without support, walk with support is attained at 12 months
- Walk without support is attained at 15 months
- Running is attained at 18 months
- Climbing with 2 feet/step is attained at 2 years
- Climbing with 1 foot/step: Upstairs, rides tricycle is attained at 3 years
- Climbing with 1 foot/step: Downstairs, hops is attained at 4 years
Developmental Quotient
- Developmental quotient = Developmental age (DA) x 100 / Chronological age (CA)
- Developmental delay: DQ < 70
- Global developmental delay: Delay in ≥ 2 domains → Significant brain problem (E.g: Cerebral palsy)
Nocturnal Enuresis
- Categories:
- a. 10: Never dry since birth (M/C)
- b. 20: Previously dry child
- Cause: Maturational delay of bladder
- Management:
- a. Ist line of Rx: Non-pharmacological → Motivation therapy + alarm therapy
- b. 2nd line: Desmopressin (Preferred, oral), anti-cholinergic (Oxybutynin)
Nutrition
- Breastfeeding: Breast milk: 67 kcal/100ml
- Properties of breastmilk:
- Nutrition: Lactose, Proteins, Fat
- Immunological (PLAB): Colostrum (1st formed milk): Rich in IgA
- Brain growth factors:
- Whey protein
- Taurine & cysteine
- PUFA: Docosa Hexaenoic Acid (DHA)
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Description
Test your knowledge of the fine motor skills milestones in infant development, from 4 months to 4.5 years. Covers grasping, pincer grasp, and tower building skills. Identify the age ranges for each milestone and assess your understanding of child development.
