Financial Statement Analysis 2

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Questions and Answers

What does a high current ratio indicate about a company's ability to meet obligations?

  • The company has sufficient inventory to meet obligations.
  • The company utilizes its assets efficiently.
  • The company can easily meet its current obligations.
  • The company may not necessarily be able to meet its current obligations. (correct)

What components are used to calculate the quick ratio?

  • Inventory minus current liabilities over current assets.
  • Current assets minus inventory over current liabilities. (correct)
  • Current assets plus inventory over current liabilities.
  • Current liabilities minus prepaid expenses over current assets.

What is the Return on Assets (ROA) if the net income is P116,030 and the average total assets are P1,014,082 and P966,290?

  • 12% (correct)
  • 29%
  • 14%
  • 16%

Which of the following is NOT an efficiency ratio?

<p>Current ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the DuPont Model help in analyzing a company's performance?

<p>It decomposes the ROE formula. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is accounts receivable turnover calculated?

<p>Net sales divided by average accounts receivable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a company has an equity multiplier of 2, what does that indicate about its use of financial leverage?

<p>It indicates company assets are twice its equity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the DuPont analysis?

<p>Revenue growth rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the average collection period?

<p>365 divided by accounts receivable turnover. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher net profit margin indicate in the context of operating efficiency?

<p>Lower operating costs relative to sales. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ratios measures how effectively a company uses inventory?

<p>Inventory turnover ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for the equity multiplier in the DuPont analysis?

<p>Average total assets divided by average equity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the inventory turnover ratio rely on for its calculation?

<p>Average inventory and cost of goods sold. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the number of times interest earned ratio indicate?

<p>The ability to pay fixed-interest charges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which profitability ratio measures the profit relative to net sales?

<p>Net profit ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is considered a slow-moving asset and affects the current ratio?

<p>Inventory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For every P1 of stockholder's equity, what does a Return on Equity (ROE) of 29% indicate?

<p>The company generates P0.29 of net income. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metric is calculated as net income divided by total sales or revenue?

<p>Net profit margin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a company has a gross profit of P799,367 and net sales of P3,007,887, what is the gross profit ratio?

<p>26% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a net profit margin of 3.9% signify?

<p>For every P1 sales, the firm has P0.39 net income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the return on assets (ROA) ratio measure?

<p>Profitability relative to total assets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When calculating gross profit ratio, which of the following is used in the denominator?

<p>Net sales (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a firm shows a negative profitability ratio, what might that suggest?

<p>Insufficient sales revenue to cover costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of profitability ratios, what does the Du Pont system analyze?

<p>Return on investment and asset turnover (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the inventory turnover ratio measure?

<p>It measures how efficiently inventory is managed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the average sale period calculated in relation to inventory turnover?

<p>By dividing 365 by the inventory turnover ratio. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the total asset turnover ratio indicate?

<p>How effectively a company uses its asset base. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which calculation reflects the debt-to-equity ratio?

<p>Total liabilities divided by total stockholders’ equity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a debt ratio of 0.59 indicate?

<p>59% of assets are funded by creditors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The number of times interest earned indicates what?

<p>The firm's ability to cover interest payments with earnings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the average net fixed assets is calculated as $P135,754 + P166,481/2$, what does it equal?

<p>$P150,117.50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a fixed assets turnover ratio of 19.90 indicate?

<p>The firm utilizes fixed assets effectively to generate sales. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the working capital ratio measure?

<p>A company's ability to pay short-term debt with current assets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a liquidity ratio?

<p>Debt to equity ratio (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are standard ratios typically based on?

<p>Comparison with successful competitors and industry averages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do liquidity ratios help a business?

<p>By assessing the company's ability to meet its current obligations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the current ratio?

<p>Current assets divided by current liabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a limitation of financial ratio analysis?

<p>It uses only historical data to calculate ratios (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financial statement item is included in both the working capital ratio and liquidity ratios?

<p>Current assets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event would likely improve a company's working capital ratio?

<p>Sale of inventory for cash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a company's current ratio is calculated to be 1.96:1, what does this indicate?

<p>The company has significantly more current assets than liabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is typically included in current liabilities?

<p>Accounts payable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might analysts use financial ratio analysis?

<p>To evaluate performance against industry benchmarks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ratios indicates the short-term liquidity position of a firm?

<p>Current ratio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor can significantly impact the interpretation of financial ratios?

<p>The economic climate and industry conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Current Ratio (Working Capital Ratio)

Measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations using current assets. It shows how much liquidity a company has.

Quick Ratio or Acid Test Ratio

A quick ratio is a liquidity measure that shows the company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities without selling its inventory. It excludes inventory from current assets, giving a more conservative view.

Accounts Receivable Turnover

Calculated by dividing net sales by the average accounts receivable over a period.

Average Collection Period (Days Sales in Average Receivables)

This ratio calculates the number of days it takes a company to collect its accounts receivable. It provides insight into the collection period of overdue receivables.

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Inventory Turnover Ratio

This ratio calculates how much a company uses its inventory to generate revenue, indicating how efficiently they manage inventory.

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Fixed Asset Turnover

Measures how efficiently a company uses its fixed assets to generate revenue. A higher ratio means the company uses its assets effectively.

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Total Asset Turnover

Measures how effectively a company uses all of its assets to generate revenue. A higher ratio indicates a company has better asset utilization.

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Efficiency Ratios

These ratios measure how efficiently a company utilizes its assets to generate revenue and maximize profits. They provide valuable insights into the company's internal operations.

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Financial Ratio

A ratio that measures the relationship between two variables.

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Liquidity Ratios

The ability of a business to meet its short-term debt obligations using its current assets.

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Working Capital Ratio (Current Ratio)

This ratio measures a company's ability to pay its short-term debt obligations using its current assets.

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Working Capital Ratio Formula

The formula for calculating the Working Capital Ratio (Current Ratio) is dividing current assets by current liabilities.

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Riel Corporation Working Capital Ratio Analysis

The Working Capital Ratio (Current Ratio) for Riel Corporation is 1.97:1. This indicates that for every P1 of current liabilities, Riel Corporation has P1.97 of current assets.

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Working Capital Ratio Interpretation

The Working Capital Ratio (Current Ratio) is a tool to assess a company's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations. A higher ratio usually signifies better liquidity, while a lower ratio may indicate a higher risk of financial distress.

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Quick Ratio (Acid Test Ratio)

An indicator of a company's ability to pay its short-term obligations with its quick assets, which include cash, accounts receivable, and marketable securities.

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Purpose of Quick Ratio

The Quick Ratio (Acid Test Ratio) helps assess a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations without relying on the quick sale of inventory.

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Quick Ratio Formula

The Quick Ratio (Acid Test Ratio) is calculated by dividing quick assets by current liabilities.

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Basis of Standard Ratios

A set of rules or guidelines used to compare a company's financial performance to a standard.

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Company Budget

This is a standard commonly used to compare a company's financial performance.

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Industry Standards

Industry standards provide a competitive context for assessing a company's financial health.

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Successful Competitors

Focusing on the performance of successful competitors can provide valuable insights into effective financial strategies.

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Prior Period Performance

Comparing to previous periods helps identify trends and track progress.

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Analyst's Past Experience

Analyst's insights from past experience can inform the selection and interpretation of financial ratios.

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Average Sale Period

Measures the average number of days it takes to sell inventory. Calculated by dividing 365 days by the Inventory Turnover Ratio.

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Debt Utilization (Leverage) Ratios

A group of ratios that examine how a company manages its debt. It helps assess the risk associated with the company's capital structure and its ability to meet its financial obligations.

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Debt-to-Equity Ratio

A ratio that measures the amount of debt financing used relative to equity financing. It reflects the risk involved in the company's capital structure.

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Debt Ratio

Reflects the proportion of a company's assets financed by debt. It shows the extent to which a company relies on borrowing to fund its operations.

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Number of Times Interest Earned

A ratio measuring a company's ability to cover its interest expense with its operating income. It indicates how much the company has left after paying interest on its debt.

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Profitability Ratios

Financial metrics that assess business performance in terms of income (profit) relative to revenue, assets, operating costs, or shareholder equity over a specific time frame.

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Gross Profit Ratio

Calculates the ratio of gross profit to net sales. It reflects the company's ability to generate profits from its core operations.

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Net Profit Ratio or Profit Margin

This ratio indicates the profit margin of a company and shows the amount of net income generated for each dollar of sales.

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Return on Assets (ROA)

Measures the effectiveness of a company's use of its assets in generating profits.

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Return on Equity (ROE)

Indicates the profitability of a company in relation to its shareholder equity. Shows how much profit is generated for each unit of shareholder investment.

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Du Pont System of Analysis

A system of analysis which breaks down ROE into its key components such as Profit Margin, Asset Turnover, and Financial Leverage to better understand what drives the overall profitability.

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Return on Assets (ROA) Formula

A ratio calculated as Net Income divided by Average Total Assets. It reveals how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate earnings.

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DuPont Analysis

A multi-step financial equation that analyzes a company's performance by breaking down ROE into its key components. It helps to understand how factors like profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage impact the overall ROE.

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Net Profit Margin

A component of DuPont analysis that measures how profitable a company is on every dollar of revenue generated. It is calculated by dividing net income by total revenue.

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Asset Turnover Ratio

A component of DuPont analysis that measures how effectively a company uses its assets to generate sales. It is calculated by dividing sales revenue by average total assets.

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Equity Multiplier

A component of DuPont analysis that measures how much debt a company uses to finance its assets. It is calculated by dividing average total assets by average shareholders' equity.

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ROE = Net Profit Margin x Asset Turnover x Equity Multiplier

DuPont Analysis Formula:

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Benefits of DuPont Analysis

The DuPont analysis helps to understand how different parts of a company's operations contribute to its overall profitability. It allows for a more in-depth analysis of its financial health and identifies areas for improvement.

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Study Notes

Financial Statement Analysis 2

  •  Financial ratio analysis is a technique used to evaluate a company's performance by comparing its financial data to other companies or industry benchmarks.
  •  The primary goal of financial ratio analysis is to assess a company's financial health and performance. 
  •  Financial ratios can be categorized as liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios, debt utilization ratios, and profitability ratios.  

Learning Objectives

  •  Students are expected to understand and discuss financial ratio analysis and its purpose. 
  •  Students will be able to explain and differentiate the limitations of financial ratio analysis. 
  •  Students will be able to conduct financial ratio analysis by performing the steps in the process, interpret the results, draw conclusions, and identify implications based on these results. 

Ratio

  • A ratio presents the relationship between two variables. 

Financial Ratio

  • A financial ratio is the relationship between financial statement items, expressed mathematically. 

Basis Of Standard Ratios

  •  Company budget for the same period
  •  Industry benchmarks for the company's sector
  •  Ratios used by successful competitors
  •  Ratios used by the company in the past period
  •  Ratios calculated by analysts.

Liquidity Ratios

  • Liquidity ratios evaluate a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with its current assets.
  • Working capital ratio (current ratio) measures a company's capacity to meet short-term debt obligations with current assets.
  • Current Ratio = current assets / current liabilities
  • Quick ratio (acid-test ratio) assesses a company's ability to pay short-term obligations without selling inventory.
  • Quick ratio or acid test ratio = (current assets - inventory) / current liabilities

Efficiency Ratios

  • Efficiency ratios measure a company's effectiveness in using its resources to generate revenue.
  • Accounts receivable turnover measures how efficiently a company collects its receivables.
  • Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Sales / Average Accounts Receivable
  • Average collection period calculates the average number of days it takes to collect payments from customers.   
  • Average collection period = 365 days / Accounts Receivable Turnover
  • Inventory turnover ratio assesses how efficiently a company manages its inventory.
  • Merchandise inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold / Average merchandise inventory
  • Average sale period = 365/ Inventory turnover ratio 
  • Fixed assets turnover measures how efficiently a company uses its fixed assets. 
  • Fixed assets turnover = Net Sales / Average net fixed assets
  • Total assets turnover measures how efficiently a company uses all its assets. 
  • Total asset turnover = Net Sales / Average total assets

Debt Utilization (Leverage) Ratio

  • Debt utilization ratios measure how efficiently a company manages its financial obligations, including the use of borrowed funds.
  • Debt-to-equity ratio quantifies the risk associated with a company's capital structure, evaluating the relationship between funds from creditors and owners.
  • Debt-to-equity ratio = Total liabilities / Total Stockholders' equity
  • Debt ratio measures the proportion of assets financed by debt.
  • Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities / Total Assets
  • Number of times interest earned quantifies a company's ability to cover its interest obligations with its operating income.
  • Number of times interest earned = Net income before interest and income tax or operating income / annual interest expense

Profitability Ratios

  • Profitability ratios assess a company's ability generate income relative to revenue, assets, operating costs, and shareholder equity over a given period of time.
  • Gross profit ratio assesses the gross margin to cover operating expenses and desired income
  • Gross profit ratio = Gross profit / Net sales
  • Net profit ratio (profit margin) assesses the company's profitability after considering all revenues and costs.
  • Net profit ratio = Net profit / Net sales
  • Return on Assets (ROA) measures a company's profitability relative to its total assets over a period.
  • Return on assets (ROA) = Net income / Average total assets
  • Return on Equity (ROE) measures a company's profitability concerning the shareholder's equity.
  • Return on equity (ROE) = Net income / Average stockholders' equity
  • Dupont system of analysis offers a multi-step financial equation to better understand their fundamental performance, especially the Return on Equity (ROE). Its formula is in place to measure a business's operating efficiency, asset utilization, and financial leverage. 

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