Financial Analysis Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the base year percentage for sales in Year 4 according to trend analysis?

  • 155
  • 106
  • 216 (correct)
  • 100
  • Which of the following correctly describes trend analysis?

  • It ignores fundamental changes in financials.
  • It expresses results in terms of a base year index. (correct)
  • It uses absolute figures to assess performance.
  • It focuses solely on short-term changes.
  • In the ABC Company Ltd. income statement, what is the gross profit for Year 20x3?

  • 65000
  • 34580
  • 91000
  • 35000 (correct)
  • What is the purpose of common size statements?

    <p>To provide a comparison of financial data between different size enterprises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in operating expenses for ABC Company Ltd. in Year 20x2?

    <p>11400</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about income before taxes in the provided financial data is correct?

    <p>It is equal to operating income minus interest expense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is indicated by the earnings figures from the provided data over the base years?

    <p>Earnings exhibit exponential growth over the years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of net income for ABC Company Ltd. in Year 20x1?

    <p>18760</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of financial statements analysis?

    <p>To provide data for decision making models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates horizontal analysis from vertical analysis in financial statements analysis?

    <p>Horizontal analysis is for long-term trend analysis while vertical analysis is for one accounting period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of financial statement analysis according to the objective of analysis?

    <p>Short Term Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is typically associated with external analysis of financial statements?

    <p>Investors and creditors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of vertical analysis in financial statements?

    <p>Analyses items as a percentage of a total for one accounting period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analysis is particularly useful for assessing long term financial stability and liquidity?

    <p>Long Term Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of performing horizontal analysis on financial statements?

    <p>It allows for identification of trends over multiple periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be considered a limitation of vertical analysis?

    <p>It provides insights for only one accounting period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the profit & loss account measure?

    <p>Profitability through revenues and expenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which financial statement provides a snapshot of the financial position at the end of the year?

    <p>Balance sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In horizontal analysis, what is compared?

    <p>Each item against its corresponding item in an earlier statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a common size statement?

    <p>A financial document comparing individual items as a percentage of a total</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is net worth defined as?

    <p>Share capital plus reserves and surplus minus fictitious assets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect are trade creditors primarily concerned with?

    <p>Short term liquidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes vertical analysis?

    <p>Analysis focusing on each item as a percentage of a base amount within the same statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which user group is primarily interested in ensuring timely payment of taxes and duties?

    <p>Government departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Financial Performance Metrics

    • Total Revenue: Rs. 89,140 million with an operating margin of 21.5%.
    • Operating Income: Rs. 35,860 million which represents an 8.6% margin.
    • Interest Expense totaled Rs. 3,000 million at 0.7%.
    • Income before Taxes was Rs. 32,860 million, yielding a 7.9% margin.
    • Income Tax expense was Rs. 14,100 million, equating to a 3.4% tax rate.
    • Net Income stands at Rs. 18,760 million, reflecting a 4.5% profit margin.

    Techniques of Financial Analysis

    • Trend Analysis: Utilizes index numbers with the base year set at '100' for comparative analysis of financial figures over time.
    • Common Size Statements: Present data in percentage form to facilitate comparisons across companies of varying sizes and sectors.

    Trend Analysis Data

    • Sales Growth: From Rs. 192.3 million in Year 1 to Rs. 414.6 million in Year 5, indicating a growth rate moving from 100% to 216%.
    • Earnings Growth: Increased from Rs. 1.9 million in Year 1 to Rs. 10 million in Year 5, showing substantial growth from 100% to 526%.

    Common Size Statements Example

    • ABC Company Ltd.:
      • Net Sales increased from Rs. 91,000 thousand to Rs. 100,000 thousand over three years.
      • Cost of Goods Sold rose from Rs. 56,420 thousand to Rs. 65,000 thousand.
      • Gross Profit slightly fluctuated, starting at Rs. 34,580 thousand and reaching Rs. 35,000 thousand in the third year.

    Types of Financial Statements

    • Balance Sheet: Summarizes assets, liabilities, and owner's equity at the end of the fiscal year.
    • Profit & Loss Account: Measures profitability through revenues and expenses, culminating in net income or loss.
    • Cash Flow Statement: Shows cash inflows and outflows, detailing the annual changes in cash position.

    User Groups of Financial Statements

    • Trade Creditors: Concerned with short-term liquidity.
    • Long-term Debt Suppliers: Banks are interested in long-term solvency and profitability.
    • Investors: Focus on present and future earnings potential.
    • Management: Aims to ensure resource efficiency and sound financial health.
    • Government Authorities: Monitor tax compliance and receipt.

    Key Financial Terms

    • Net Worth: Defined as shareholders' funds, calculated as Share Capital + Reserves & Surplus - Fictitious Assets.
    • Total Capital Employed: Calculated as Net Worth + Total Debt - Investments.

    Analysis Techniques

    • Horizontal Analysis: Compares financial metrics year-over-year, identifying increases or decreases in percentage.
    • Vertical Analysis: Focuses on financial data from a single accounting period.

    Scope of Financial Statement Analysis

    • Aims to assess past performance to forecast future results and streamline planning processes.
    • Distinction between External Analysis (based on published statements) and Internal Analysis (using comprehensive internal data).

    Objective of Financial Analysis

    • Long-term analysis targets financial stability, liquidity, profitability, and overall solvency objectives.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on financial analysis techniques, particularly trend analysis using index numbers. Participants will explore how to interpret financial data over time and its implications for long-term decision making. Perfect for students in finance or accounting.

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