Final Exam - Principles of X-ray Equipment
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the fixer in radiographic film processing?

  • To dissolve unexposed silver halides, preserving the image. (correct)
  • To convert silver halide crystals into metallic silver.
  • To increase the sensitivity of the film.
  • To wash away excess developer chemicals.

    • What is the typical thickness of the polyester base in radiographic films?

  • 0.18 mm (correct)
  • 2.5 µm
  • 12.7 µm
  • 203.2 mm

    • Mammographic films are designed for fluoroscopic imaging of moving structures.

    False

    What is the primary purpose of the protective layer in radiographic film?

    <p>To prevent mechanical damage to the emulsion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of the fixer is to dissolve unexposed silver ______, preserving the image.

    <p>halides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following film types with their specific uses:

    <p>Mammographic film = High-contrast imaging of breasts Industrial radiographic film = Non-destructive testing of materials Fluoroscopic film = Imaging of moving structures Computed radiographic film = Digital imaging systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the protective layer enhance in radiographic film?

    <p>Durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual public dose limit?

    <p>20 mSv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Geiger-Muller detector can detect low-energy gamma rays.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Ionization Chamber-Type Survey Meter, commonly known as a Cutie Pie?

    <p>To detect and measure radiation exposure rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cutie Pie can detect gamma rays and ______.

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of radiation with their detection capabilities:

    <p>Alpha particles = Cannot be detected by a Cutie Pie Beta particles = Can be detected by a Cutie Pie Gamma rays = Can be detected by a Cutie Pie Neutron particles = Requires a different type of detector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the gamma of a film?

    <p>The gamma of a film depends on the distribution and size of the AgBr crystals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scattering of photons decreases the radiation contrast.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold energy for pair production?

    <p>1.02 keV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The protective layer in a photographic film is referred to as the ______.

    <p>layer 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optical density of a processed film region that transmits 20% of the incident light?

    <p>1.699</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer in the figure serves as the emulsion layer?

    <p>Layer 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the slice thicknesses of regions A and B when an X-ray beam hits both?

    <p>5 cm for A and 3 cm for B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As the accelerating voltage increases, what happens to the amount of scatter produced?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions with their respective linear attenuation coefficients:

    <p>Region A = 0.35 cm⁻¹ Region B = 0.4 cm⁻¹</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scattering of photons decreases with an increase in photon energy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor determining the sensitivity of radiographic films?

    <p>The thickness and grain size of the emulsion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique uses photostimulable phosphor plates?

    <p>Computed radiography (CR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The adhesive layer in radiographic film protects the emulsion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the adhesive layer in radiographic film?

    <p>To bond the emulsion to the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the speed and sensitivity of a receptor?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary function of the ______ layer in radiographic film is to bond the emulsion to the base.

    <p>adhesive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the sensitivity of radiographic films?

    <p>The type of fixer used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to radiographic films with their definitions:

    <p>Emulsion = The light-sensitive layer on a film Fixer = A solution used to stabilize the image Developer = A solution that converts exposed silver halide to metallic silver Intensifying Screen = A device that converts X-rays into visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiography is known for utilizing screen-film technology?

    <p>Screen-film radiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the fiber's charge change with more negative ions in a pocket dosimeter?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a pocket dosimeter, the increased number of negative ions has no effect on the fiber's charge.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component is used for filtering in radiation measurement that is typically present in a dosimeter?

    <p>Copper filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ filter is commonly replaced with aluminum in dosimeters.

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the dosimeter with their description:

    <p>Aluminum Oxide = Stores dose information Imaging filter = Reduces scatter radiation Open Window = Allows radiation to enter Copper filter = Absorbs low-energy photons Tin Filter = Moderates photon energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options correctly identifies the components of a dosimeter based on standard configuration?

    <p>(1) Aluminum Oxide, (2) Imaging filter, (3) Open Window, (4) Copper filter, (5) Tin Filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tin filter is typically used in the first position of a pocket dosimeter.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one material that is used as a filter in a dosimeter.

    <p>Aluminum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dosimetry, the ___ filter is important for allowing only certain energies of radiation through.

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a dosimeter functions to allow radiation entry into the system?

    <p>Open Window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Final Exam - First Semester 2024-2025

    • Course: Principles of X-ray Equipment
    • Teacher: Prof. Bassam Z. Shakhreet
    • Date: January 9, 2025
    • Day: Thursday
    • Exam Time: 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM

    Question 1

    • Primary Purpose of Radiographic Films: To capture images for diagnosis.

    Question 2

    • Polyester Base Function: To support the emulsion.

    Question 3

    • Types of Radiographic Film: Conventional Films, Screen-Film Radiography, Digital Radiography. Thermographic Imaging is NOT a type of radiographic film.

    Question 4

    • Intensifying Screens Role: Reduce exposure time and improve contrast.

    Question 5

    • Intensifying Screen Material: Phosphors (including rare earths), polyester.

    Question 6

    • Latent Image: Invisible chemical changes in silver halide crystals after exposure.

    Question 7

    • Fixer Purpose: To dissolve unexposed silver halides, preserving the image, and wash away excess developer chemicals.

    Question 8

    • Polyester Base Thickness: 2.5 μm

    Question 9

    • Mammographic Film Design: Designed for high-contrast and spatial resolution imaging of breasts.

    Question 10

    • Protective Layer Purpose: To prevent mechanical damage to the emulsion.

    Question 11

    • Radiographic Film Sensitivity Factor: Thickness and grain size of the emulsion.

    Question 12

    • Photo-stimulable Phosphor Imaging Technology: Computed radiography (CR)

    Question 13

    • Adhesive Layer Function: To bond the emulsion to the base.

    Question 14

    • Film Speed/Sensitivity Relationship: Directly proportional.

    Question 15

    • Developer Solution Action: Dissolves unexposed silver halide crystals.

    Question 16

    • Intensifying Screen Light Color Determinant: Type of phosphor compound used.

    Question 17

    • Sensitivity Speck Role: Protects emulsion from light.

    Question 18

    • Fluorescence of Intensifying Screens: Conversion of X-ray energy into light.

    Question 19

    • Effect of Increasing Intensifying Screen Thickness: Decreased absorption efficiency.

    Question 20

    • Matching Spectral Characteristics Importance: To optimize receptor sensitivity.

    Question 21

    • Main Advantage of Intensifying Screens: Reduced patient radiation exposure.

    Question 22

    • Optical Density Definition: The amount of blackening on the film..

    Question 23

    • True Statements Regarding Film Gamma: The gamma of a film depends on the distribution and size of the AgBr crystals, The amount of scatter produced decreases as the accelerating voltage increases. Threshold energy for pair production is 1.02 keV.

    Question 24

    • Figure Element Identification: (1) is a polyester base, (2) is emulsion layer, and (3) is a protective layer

    Question 25

    • Optical Density of Processed Film: 1.301

    Question 26

    • Contrast Calculation: 0.2365

    Question 27

    • Film Darkness Correlation: Film 1 (F1) has a higher optical density (D₁)than Film 2 (F2) after exposure.

    Question 28

    • Characteristic Curve Active Region: Regions 1 and 3.

    Question 29

    • True Statements from Graph: Curve 1 has large film gamma and slow emulsion.

    Question 30

    • Dosimetry Definition: Measurement of ionizing radiation doses to personnel.

    Question 31

    • Non-Type of Dosimetry: Geiger-Mueller (GM)

    Question 32

    • Incorrect Statement About Film Badges: Film badges consist of a large piece of unique radiation-dosimetry film.

    Question 33

    • Film Badge X-ray Dose Range: 0.05 mSv to 10 Sv

    Question 34

    • True Statement Regarding Film Badges & TLDs: Film badges are not reusable, while TLDs are reusable.

    Question 35

    • Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD) Crystal: LiF

    Question 36

    • OSL Dosimeter Filters: Copper, aluminum, and tin.

    Question 37

    • OSL Use in Pregnancy Monitoring: Sensitive to about one mrem

    Question 38

    • Ionization Chamber Device: Pocket dosimeter

    Question 39

    • Device in Figure: Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

    Question 40

    • Geiger-Müller Detector Efficiency: Beta particles

    Question 41

    • Pocket Dosimeter Fiber Charge Change: Increases

    Question 42

    • Correct Figure Sequence: Aluminum Oxide, Imaging filter, Open Window, Copper filter, Tin filter.

    Question 43

    • Annual Public Dose Limit: 200 mSv

    Question 44

    • Geiger-Muller Detector Limitation: Cannot detect low-energy gamma rays.

    Question 45

    • Ionization Chamber Function: To detect and measure radiation exposure rate.

    Question 46

    • Radiation Types Detected by Cutie Pie: Gamma rays and X-rays

    Question 47

    • Pocket Chamber Exposure Range (Medical Imaging): 0 to 1 C/kg,

    Question 48

    • Pocket Chamber Exposure Measurement: By measuring ionization produced by radiation inside the chamber.

    Question 49

    • Correct Figure Component Sequence: (1) Objective lens, (4) Ion chamber, (5) Charging contact pin, (6) Clip, (7) Moveable fiber, (8) Bellows.

    Question 50

    • Whole-body Dose Limit Measurement: Whole-body dose equivalent.

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    Final Exam Principles of X-ray Equipment 2024-2025 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge with this final exam for the Principles of X-ray Equipment course taught by Prof. Bassam Z. Shakhreet. Covering topics such as radiographic films, their purposes, materials, and processes, this quiz will assess your understanding of key concepts in X-ray imaging technology.

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