Filipino Social Thinkers and Reformists

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Questions and Answers

Who served as the first president of the Philippine Commonwealth?

  • Camilo Osias
  • Renato Constantino
  • Manuel L. Quezon y Molina (correct)
  • José Paciano Laurel

Camilo Osias was a strong advocate for academic freedom and civil liberties.

True (A)

What was the key focus of Renato Constantino's nationalism?

Nationalism as a reality of having a country of our own that must be kept independent.

José Paciano Laurel served as president of the Philippines during the ______ occupation.

<p>Japanese</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following figures with their respective areas of focus:

<p>Manuel L. Quezon y Molina = Political Leader and Advocate for Education José Paciano Laurel = Political Leader during Japanese Occupation Renato Constantino = Nationalist and Critic of Colonial Influence Camilo Osias = Educator, Writer, and Advocate for Academic Freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these individuals believed in a 'bottom-up' economic approach?

<p>Renato Constantino (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Manuel L. Quezon y Molina believed in a system where the government should ensure equal distribution of wealth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Tydings-McDuffie Act, which Manuel L. Quezon y Molina fought for?

<p>To provide full independence for the Philippines after a transition period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artistic styles did Esquivel Embuscado aim to dissociate from in his art movement?

<p>Decorative arts, realism, impressionism, cubism, geometrism, surrealism, abstract expressionism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Esquivel Embuscado's art movement, Dissectionism, prioritized the individual parts of art rather than their interconnectedness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the manifesto launched by Esquivel Embuscado for his art movement?

<p>Makabagong tumpak sining (The new and correct art)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isabela Delos Reyes established the first labor federation in the Philippines called the ______.

<p>Union Obrera Democratica (UOD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals with their respective contributions:

<p>Esquivel Embuscado = Founded the Union Obrera Democratica (UOD) Isabela Delos Reyes = Author of El Folk-Lore Filipino</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isabela Delos Reyes's rebellious spirit stemmed from his positive experiences with the friar-professors at the Seminary of Vigan.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the two-volume work compiled by Isabela Delos Reyes that focused on Filipino customs and traditions?

<p>El Folk-Lore Filipino</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Katipunan, founded by Andrés Bonifacio?

<p>To achieve complete independence from Spain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

José Rizal's novel Noli me Tangere was published in 1896.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was the execution of the Gomburza, a group of Filipino priests, a significant event in the development of Filipino nationalism?

<p>The execution of the Gomburza fueled a sense of injustice and anger among Filipinos, leading to the rise of a shared consciousness and resentment against Spanish colonial rule. It contributed to the revolutionary fervor that gripped the Philippines in the late 19th century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emilio Jacinto's influential work, the [BLANK], outlines the ideals and principles of the Katipunan.

<p>Kartilya ng Katipunan</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Filipino social thinkers with their primary contributions:

<p>José Rizal = Published the novels <em>Noli me Tangere</em> and <em>El Filibusterismo</em> Andrés Bonifacio = Founded the Katipunan and instigated the Philippine Revolution Emilio Jacinto = Wrote the official handbook for the Katipunan, <em>Kartilya ng Katipunan</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements accurately describes the concept of 'social thought' as defined by Emory S. Bogardus?

<p>The collection of ideas and beliefs that shape our understanding of society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Emilio Jacinto advocated for a gradual, peaceful approach to achieving Philippine independence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of La Solidaridad in the context of Filipino social thought.

<p>La Solidaridad was a newspaper published by the Propaganda Movement, which served as a platform for Filipinos to express their grievances against Spanish colonial rule and advocate for reforms. It helped to foster a sense of shared national identity and to disseminate the ideas of Filipino intellectuals to a wider audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Social Thought

Ideas and beliefs individuals develop to understand society.

Filipino Social Thought

Nationalistic ideas emphasizing history and freedom in the Philippines.

José Rizal

Patriot and key figure in the Philippine nationalist movement.

Reformist

A person advocating for social, political, or economic reforms.

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Andrés Bonifacio

Founder of the nationalist society Katipunan and instigator of revolt against Spain.

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Katipunan

Revolutionary society founded by Andrés Bonifacio to fight for independence.

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Emilio Jacinto

Spokesperson and financial officer of the Katipunan, dedicated to liberty and equality.

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Cavite Mutiny

A revolt in 1872 that sparked a nationalistic awakening in the Philippines.

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Manuel L. Quezon

First president of the Philippine Commonwealth; fought for independence.

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Tydings-McDuffie Act

Legislation for Philippine independence in 1946; 10 years after a constitution.

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José Paciano Laurel

President of the Philippines during WWII; served under Japanese occupation.

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Renato Constantino

Nationalist who emphasized true independence and criticized colonial identity.

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Nationalism

The belief in a strong identity and independence for a nation.

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Camilo Osias

Prolific writer and educator advocating for academic freedom and civil liberties.

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Colonial Experience

The historical impact of colonialism on Filipino identity and culture.

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Economic Approach

Emphasizing 'bottom-up' initiatives to empower local enterprises for growth.

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Dissectionism

An art movement initiated by Esquivel Embuscado focusing on the relationships between art pieces rather than individual parts.

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Esquivel Embuscado

An artist who introduced 'dissectionism' and aimed for correct art in the 1970s.

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Makabagong tumpak sining

The manifesto launched by Esquivel Embuscado promoting 'correct art' focused on innovation.

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Isabelo Delos Reyes

A Filipino labor activist, senator, and writer known for founding labor unions and promoting Philippine culture.

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Union de Impresores de Filipinas

The first labor federation in the Philippines founded by Isabelo Delos Reyes in 1902.

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Aglipay Church

A church founded by Isabelo Delos Reyes and Gregorio Aglipay for spiritual formation in the Philippines.

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El Ilocano

The first newspaper in the Philippine vernacular established by Isabelo Delos Reyes in 1889.

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El Folk-Lore Filipino

A two-volume work by Isabelo Delos Reyes compiling Filipino customs and traditions.

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Study Notes

Filipino Social Thinkers

  • Social Thought
    • Proponent: Emory S. Bogardus
    • Refers to the ideas, beliefs, and perspectives that individuals & groups develop to understand and interpret social phenomena, structure, and relationships.
  • Filipino Social Thought
    • The Filipino sense of history and nationalism (focused on freedom).
    • The emergence of the shared consciousness and revolution came in the form of the Cavite Mutiny and the execution of the GomBurZa.

Reformist

  • 1. José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (Better known as: José Rizal)
    • Born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died December 30, 1896, Manila.
    • Patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement.
    • He contributed numerous articles to its newspaper, La Solidaridad, published in Barcelona.
    • Leader of the Propaganda Movement.
    • Question: Why was José Rizal called a Reformist?
    • Answer: José Rizal can be considered a reformist. He aimed to expose the social ills of his time through his novels and writings, reflecting his critique of Philippine society. Rizal was a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, advocating for political reforms under Spanish colonial rule.

Revolutionist

  • 1. Andrés Bonifacio
    • Born November 30, 1863, Manila—died May 10, 1897, Mt. Buntis, Phils.
    • Philippine patriot, founder and leader of the advocated complete independence from Spain.
    • In 1892, he founded the Katipunan in Manila, modelling its organization and ceremony on that of the Masonic order.
    • His philosophy of revolution was published in the revolutionary newspaper, "Kalayaan".
    • Founder of the revolutionary society
    • Authored essays such as "Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog" and poem "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa", these literary works encourage Filipinos to show patriotism and love for country.
  • 2. Emilio Jacinto
    • Born December 15, 1875, Manila
    • Son of a prominent merchant.
    • Received good education and was fluent in both Tagalog and Spanish.
    • Served as the spokesperson for the Katipunan, penned the official handbook of the movement, called the Kartilya ng Katipunan.
    • Revolutionist, patronized the ideals of liberty, equality, and brotherhood.

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