Filipino Nationalism & Global Trade

• Filipino sentiment is filled with pride, inspiration, value for freedom, and national dignity.
• Studying José Rizal's life and works teaches patriotism, love for one's country, and sacrifice for freedom.

Core Sentiments

• Pride
• Unity
• Appreciation for freedom
• Love for culture and identity
• Hope and inspiration

Filipino Nationalism

• Refers to the awakening and support for a political identity linked to modern Philippines.
• Leads to a broad campaign for political, social, and economic freedom.

Global Trade

• Exchange and distribution of products and services within a country.
• Occurs because a province or region wants a product from another area.
• Trade is the exchanging of products and services between two parties.

Effects of Global Trade on the Philippines:

Economic Impact

• Trade and Export Development
• Increased Investment
• Strengthening of Industry and Job Creation
• Strengthening of the Economy and Improvement of Living Standards
• Increased Competition and Product Improvement
• Increased Imports

Cultural Impact

• Spread of cultures and traditions from other countries.
• Changes in people's lifestyles and perspectives.
• Broader understanding of other cultures.
• Changes in language and the rise of foreign words.
• Changes in cuisine and lifestyles.
• Conflicts between traditional and modern culture.
• Commercialization of culture and acceptance of other cultures.
• Multinational companies commercialize aspects of culture like art, music, and fashion.
• Indigenous cultures' original meanings are sometimes lost due to commercialization.
• Includes global influence on traditional dances, music, and celebrations.

Social impact

• Changes in Employment and Livelihood
• Cultural Integration and Exchange
• Rise of Modern Consumerism
• Increased communication and interaction between people.
• Unity and diversity in society.
• Growth of Social Movements and Awareness

Economic Effects

• Strengthening diplomatic relations
• Increased interference from foreign countries.
• Strengthening acceptance of and compliance with global rules.
• Rise of globalization projects
• Strengthening lobbying and political influence
• Political Instability due to Economic Change
• Issues with Sovereignty

Middle Class

• The rise can be attributed to booming trade in Manila encouraging Filipinos and foreigners to trade.
• British, Americans, and Chinese provided capital, improving Filipinos' lives.
• Growth in agriculture and international trade helped merchants, farmers, and professionals.

Composition

• Mixed British
• Mixed Chinese
• Mixed American
• Mixed Spanish
• Wealthy Filipinos
• The middle class had a higher standard of living than ordinary Filipinos.

Liberalism

• Spanish brought liberal ideas from Europe.
• Displayed through free actions and speech which influenced native Filipinos.
• The French Revolution's principles of equality, liberty, and fraternity reached the Philippines.
• These principles inspired Filipinos' desire for change and reform.
• Liberalism recognizes and respects individual rights, including life, liberty, and property.
• Liberals believe people can make their own choices as long as they do not harm others.
• Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on freedom and equality.
• Liberals generally support civil rights, democracy, secularism, gender and race equality.
• They also support internationalism and freedoms of speech, press, and religion.
• Liberalism emerged as an influential movement during the Age of Enlightenment.
• Western philosophers and economists popularized the movement.
• Liberalism challenges ministerial privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, divine rights, and conservatism.
• Liberals ended mercantilist policies, royal monopolies, and trade barriers, advocating free markets.
• John Locke is credited with founding liberalism, arguing for natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
• Governments should not violate these rights based on social contracts.
• British liberalism emphasized expanding democracy.
• French liberalism emphasized rejecting authoritarianism and nation-building.

The Enlightenment

• An 18th-century European intellectual movement sought to break away from the Middle Ages.
• The movement rejected superstition, blind faith, and lack of reason.
• It challenged conservative ideas, leading to the rise of empires and the Catholic Church's power.
• The Enlightenment shaped modern ideas in Europe regarding government, democracy, education, economics, art, and literature.

Liberalism's Impact

• Awareness: Filipinos became aware of their rights and the abuses.
• Reform: Desire to change the system, especially equal rights.
• Nationalism: Liberalism founded Philippine nationalism.
• 1872: After the execution of priests Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, propaganda emerged.

Propaganda Movement

• An organization formed by the Ilustrados to seek reforms peacefully.
• The propagandists were not radical or rebellious.

La Solidaridad

• The paper's mission was to express grievances and advocate reforms for Filipinos.
• Advocated for Philippine representation, freedom of the press, and equality.
• It sought to show the true state to gain sympathy and support for reforms.
• Founded on February 15, 1889, in Barcelona, Spain.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena was its first editor.
• Marcelo H. and Del Pilar replaced Graciano Lopez Jaena.

Tagalog Newspaper

• Exposed the cruelty of Spaniards.
• Del Pilar used the alias PLARIDEL.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena died and Del Pilar became editor of La Solidaridad.

La Liga Filipina

• An important organization in Philippine history.
• Founded by Dr. Jose Rizal.
• Aimed to unite Filipinos and promote reform through legal means and was not revolutionary.
• Founded on Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila.
• Created by Filipinos who wanted change and reform.
• The group was short-lived due to Rizal's arrest and deportation.
• Some members joined the more radical Katipunan to seek freedom.

Spanish Abuses

• Three events that show the abuses of the Spaniards towards the Filipinos.
  • The killing of Hermano Pule.
  • Cavite Mutiny.
  • KKK

Hermano Pule

• Apolinario de la Cruz led a religious uprising.
• Pule wanted to become a priest so he tried to join the Dominicans at age 15.
• The Roman Catholic order only accepted Spaniards, so he became a donado at the Hospital of San Juan de Dios.
• Pule studied church doctrine at San Juan and founded the Confradia de San Jose.
• The religious brotherhood was only for natives, and Pule was known as Hermano Pule.
• Pule wanted the Spaniards to recognize the brotherhood and was denied. The Spanish government sent soldiers to disband it because they suspected it was subversive.
• Many members killed and arrested.
• The Spaniards captured, jailed, and executed him by firing squad.
• Pule died at 27, and his body was dismembered as a warning.

Cavite Mutiny

• The mutiny occurred at the Cavite Arsenal
• Under Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo, Filipinos experienced hardship.
• Workers at the arsenal lost their exemption from required manual labor.
• Increased taxes.
• Workers led by Sergeant Fernando La Madrid revolted in response.
• Mutineers killed the Spanish leader and seized the arsenal but were crushed by Spanish forces.
• Survivors sent to Intramuros and made prisoners. Filipinos felt they were revolting after being deprived of rights and abused.
• General Izquierdo saw the Cavite revolt as a planned rebellion to overthrow the Spanish government.
• He ordered the arrest of those involved and the three priests were implicated.
• The incident exposed Rizal to the brutality of the Spanish, inspiring El Filibusterismo.
• Andres Bonifacio became inspired.

The KKK

• Founded on July 7, 1892, in Calle Azcarraga, Tondo, Manila, after Rizal's banishment.
• Led by Andres Bonifacio which was to separate the Philippines from Spain by force.
• The KKK was discovered due to a dispute between Teodoro Patiño and Apolonio dela Cruz.
• Patiño reported it to his sister Honoria, who told the parish priest, Padre Mariano Gil.
• The civil guards raided and arrested those involved.
• Bonifacio gathered the Katipuneros in Balintawak where they agreed to revolt on August 23, 1896.
• They tore up their certificates as a sign of rebellion, but Bonifacio was unsuccessful.
• Aguinaldo strengthened the revolt in Cavite, splitting the Katipunan into two factions, Magdiwang and Magdalo.
• The Tejeros Convention decided the leadership, and Aguinaldo won.
• Andres died on May 10, 1897, in Mount Nagpatong, Cavite, along with brother Procopio, by order of the revolutionary government.
• These events showed Filipinos the mistreatment, enslavement, and injustice of the Spaniards.
• Inspired the Filipinos to fight, leading to uprisings and independence.
• The Philippines celebrates Independence Day every June 12.