File and Directory Access Methods

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Questions and Answers

Which file access method allows data to be accessed directly by specifying its position?

  • Sequential Access
  • Indexed Access
  • Mapped Access
  • Direct Access (correct)

What type of directory access method is characterized by having a hierarchical structure with subdirectories?

  • General Graph Directory
  • Two-Level Directory
  • Single-Level Directory
  • Tree-Structured Directories (correct)

In which file access method is an index table utilized to facilitate data access?

  • Indirect Access
  • Indexed Access (correct)
  • Mapped Access
  • Sequential Access

Which directory access method would likely lead to name conflicts due to its simple structure?

<p>Single-Level Directory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using Mapped Access for file operations?

<p>Improves performance in applications that require frequent reads/writes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following directory access methods supports symbolic links or shortcuts?

<p>Acyclic Graph Directory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which file access method is best suitable for files like logs or documents where sequential reading is needed?

<p>Sequential Access (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of directory structure offers each user their own directory to minimize file name conflicts?

<p>Two-Level Directory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sequential Access

Reading or writing data in a file from beginning to end, one after another.

Direct Access

Accessing data in a file by specifying its position (address).

Indexed Access

Accessing data using an index table that maps data locations to positions.

Single-Level Directory

A directory structure where all files are stored in a single directory.

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Two-Level Directory

A directory structure with user-specific directories.

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Tree-Structured Directory

A hierarchical directory structure with subdirectories.

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Operations on Directories

Actions like creating, deleting, searching, renaming, listing, and traversing directories.

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Mapped Access

Accessing a file by mapping it to a memory region.

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Study Notes

File Access Methods

  • Sequential Access: Data is read/written in order, from beginning to end. Example: reading a text file line by line. Suitable for sequential files like logs or documents.

  • Direct Access (Random Access): Data is accessed directly at a specific location (block or byte offset). Example: accessing a specific record in a database. Ideal for large files where specific parts need frequent access.

  • Indexed Access: Uses an index table to map data locations for fast direct access. Example: accessing a book's chapter using the table of contents. Common in databases and structured file systems.

  • Mapped Access (Memory-Mapped Files): The file is mapped to a memory region, accessed like a memory location. Improves performance for frequent reads/writes. Example: multimedia file processing.

Directory Access Methods

  • Single-Level Directory: All files are in one directory. Simple but prone to name collisions. Example: early operating systems.

  • Two-Level Directory: Each user has their own directory. Reduces name collisions, limits inter-user file sharing. Example: multi-user systems with home directories.

  • Tree-Structured Directories: Hierarchical structure with subdirectories. Supports good organization and file grouping. Example: File Explorer in Windows.

  • Acyclic Graph Directory: Directories/files can have multiple parents (shared directories). Supports symbolic links or shortcuts. Example: /usr/share in UNIX/Linux.

  • General Graph Directory: A more generalized structure than acyclic directories, allowing cycles. Complex management needed to avoid infinite loops.

Operations on Directories

  • Create: File/directory.
  • Delete: File/directory.
  • Search: File/directory.
  • Rename: File/directory.
  • List: Directory contents.
  • Traverse: Directory structure.

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