Fibrous Healing and Repair Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main role of fibroblasts in the healing process?

  • To regenerate myofibers directly
  • To contract and reduce wound size
  • To remove necrotized muscle tissue
  • To develop new blood vessels and collagen (correct)
  • Which describe the appearance change of granulation tissue?

  • Starts bright red and darkens significantly
  • Starts pale pink and becomes bright red (correct)
  • Remains consistently pale pink throughout healing
  • Starts bright red and fades to pale pink
  • What process involves the contraction of epithelial cells to reduce wound size?

  • Inflammation
  • Proliferation
  • Remodelling (correct)
  • Rebuilding
  • What is the purpose of macrophages during muscle healing?

    <p>To re-organize collagen and form scar tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do satellite cells activate and differentiate into myoblasts?

    <p>Repair phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does scar tissue provide to the injured muscle?

    <p>The strength to withstand contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs on Day 2 post-injury in muscle healing?

    <p>Removal of necrotized muscle tissue by macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On Day 5 post-injury, what significant change occurs in the regeneration zone?

    <p>Myoblasts have fused into myotubes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between regeneration and repair following tissue injury?

    <p>Repair leads to scar tissue formation, while regeneration does not. (B), Regeneration restores both structure and function, while repair primarily focuses on structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for phagocytosing damaged tissue during the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

    <p>Macrophages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of wound healing do leucocytes first enter the wound site?

    <p>Inflammatory phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of healing by primary intention?

    <p>Wound edges are closely opposed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of growth factors during the wound healing process?

    <p>To activate cells involved in the inflammatory process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of repair lasts approximately 3-24 days and focuses on granulation tissue formation?

    <p>Proliferative phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition generally leads to healing by secondary intention?

    <p>Wounds with extensive tissue loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do cytokines play during the wound healing process?

    <p>They regulate new tissue formation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Regeneration

    The process of replacing damaged tissue with identical tissue, restoring the original structure and function.

    Repair

    The process of replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue, which is not identical to the original tissue. It can restore some function but usually results in a loss of original structure.

    Primary Intention Healing

    A type of wound healing where the edges of the wound are brought together, resulting in minimal scarring and rapid healing.

    Secondary Intention Healing

    A type of wound healing where the edges of the wound are not brought together, resulting in a larger scar and a longer healing time.

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    Inflammation Phase

    The first phase of wound healing characterized by inflammation, pain, redness, swelling, and heat.

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    Proliferation Phase

    The second phase of wound healing where new blood vessels form and collagen is deposited to build new tissue.

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    Remodeling Phase

    The third phase of wound healing where the scar tissue matures and remodels, becoming stronger and more organized.

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    Maturation Phase

    The fourth phase of wound healing where the wound is fully healed and the scar tissue is stable.

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    Proliferation

    The process of creating new tissue by fibroblasts, which build blood vessels, collagen, and other connective tissue.

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    Granulation tissue

    A type of new tissue that forms in a wound, characterized by a pale pink color that turns bright red as more blood vessels develop.

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    Remodelling

    The final phase of wound healing, where epithelial cells from the wound edges grow over the granulation tissue, reducing the wound size and pulling edges together; macrophages also reorganize collagen to form a scar.

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    Inflammatory Phase

    The first phase of muscle healing, characterized by inflammation, blood clotting, and removal of damaged tissue by white blood cells.

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    Satellite cells

    Specialized cells located near muscle fibers that help repair damaged muscle tissue.

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    Repair Phase

    The second phase of muscle healing, which involves two key processes: regeneration of damaged muscle fibers and formation of connective tissue scar.

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    Regeneration of disrupted myofibers

    The process of damaged muscle fibers being repaired by satellite cells that multiply and fuse with injured fibers, filling the gap between the broken ends.

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    Formation of connective tissue scar

    The formation of a protective scar in damaged muscle, providing strength and anchoring for fibroblasts to invade the granulation tissue.

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    Study Notes

    Fibrous Healing and Repair

    • The process of healing involves two main tissue processes: regeneration and repair.
    • Regeneration is the replacement of damaged tissue with identical tissue, while repair involves the formation of scar tissue.
    • Different cells have varying abilities to regenerate
    • Some cells can regenerate, some can repair, some cannot do either
    • Different types of cells are involved in these processes

    Intended Learning Outcomes

    • Explain the differences between regeneration and repair as a consequence of injury
    • Explain the key stages involved in repair and the processes occurring in different tissues like muscle tissues.

    Regeneration and Repair

    • Two tissue processes are initiated following injury.
    • Both processes are responsible for the re-establishment of the structure and function of damaged tissues.

    Cell Types Classified by Ability to Regenerate

    • The presentation details cell types and their ability to regenerate.

    Healing by Primary and Secondary Intention

    • Primary Intention:
      • Occurs in wounds where the edges are close together.
      • Usually faster than secondary intention.
      • Results in minimal scarring.
    • Secondary Intention:
      • Occurs in wounds with non-opposed edges.
      • Healing happens from the bottom up.
      • Involves significant tissue loss or damage.
      • Formation of fibrovascular connective tissue (fibrous scar tissue).

    Repair - 4 Phases

    • The healing process typically involves four phases: Hemostasis, Inflammation, Proliferation, and Remodeling.

    Repair - 4 Phases: Detailed Description

    • Hemostasis: (Few hours)

      • Platelet aggregation
      • Fibrin clot formation
      • Leukocyte migration
      • Removal of foreign particles and bacteria
    • Inflammation: (1-6 days)

      • Chemoattractant release
      • Phagocytosis
      • Removal of foreign particles and bacteria
    • Proliferation: (4-21 days)

      • Provisional ECM synthesis
      • Fibroblast proliferation
      • Granulation tissue formation
      • Re-epithelialization
    • Remodeling/Maturation: (3 weeks to 2 years)

      • Type I collagen accumulation
      • Crosslinking of collagen
      • Scar tissue formation
      • Increase in tensile strength

    Inflammatory Phase

    • Leukocytes (WBCs) enter the wound (includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages)
    • Macrophages phagocytose damaged tissue & bacteria
    • Release of proteases (enzymes) breaking down necrotic tissue
    • Release of cytokines to regulate new tissue formation
    • Release of matrix metalloproteinases to assist in clearing damaged extracellular matrix
    • Growth factors activate cells involved in the inflammatory process

    Proliferation/Rebuilding Phase

    • New tissue is regenerated and constructed by fibroblasts responsible for blood vessels, collagen and connective tissues.
    • Capillaries join together forming a scaffold.
    • This develops into granulation tissue filling the wound cavity.
    • Granulation tissue will change colour as new blood vessels develop.

    Remodeling Phase

    • This phase lasts 21 days to 2 years.
    • Epithelial cells from hair follicles, glands and around wound edges move over newly formed granulation tissue, contracting to pull edges together.
    • Macrophages reorganize collagen within the newly healed area forming a scar
    • Key fact: Macrophages reorganize collagen within the newly healed wound to form a scar.

    Muscle Healing and Repair - 3 Stages

    • Stage 1: Muscle degeneration and inflammation
      • Muscle damage leads to degeneration and inflammation
      • Satellite cells become activated
      • These cells secrete growth factors like IGF-1 and HGF.
      • This activation and proliferation of satellite cells promotes muscle regeneration
    • Stage 2: Muscle regeneration
      • Myoblasts from satellite cells fuse to form myotubes.
      • These myotubes participate in repairing existing muscle fibres
    • Stage 3: Muscle fibrosis
      • Presence of TGF-B1 at injury site.
      • Fibroblast deposition and ECM deposition.
      • Scar tissue formation.

    Satellite cells in Muscle Healing

    • Muscle fiber damage triggers dormant satellite cells to activate.
    • They proliferate and create new dormant satellite cells and differentiated myoblasts.
    • Myoblasts either form a new fiber or patch the existing one.
    • Cells from elsewhere, such as bone marrow, can also be involved.

    Repair Phase - Two Phases

    • Regeneration of disrupted myofibres
    • Formation of connective tissue scar by fibrin and fibronectin.
    • Scar tissue strength and anchoring to allow fibroblast invasion.
    • Satellite cell proliferation into myoblasts.
    • New myoblasts fusing with injured myofibres.

    Remodeling

    • Detailed description of the stages in remodelling based on the slides provided
    • The images illustrate how connective tissue scar forms, and how the muscle tissue is virtually fused together.

    Recap

    • Questions to consider:
      • What's the difference between repair and regeneration?
      • Explain healing by primary and secondary intention?
      • Describe the four stages of wound healing?
      • Describe the three stages of muscle healing?

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    Related Documents

    Fibrous Healing and Repair PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the processes of healing, specifically focusing on tissue regeneration and repair. This quiz covers the differences between these processes, the key stages involved, and the various cell types and their regenerative abilities. Enhance your understanding of how damaged tissues restore their structure and functionality.

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