Questions and Answers
Which type of epithelial tissue is found in both exocrine and endocrine glands?
What characterizes the inner surfaces of epithelial cells?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of epithelial tissue?
What is the purpose of microvilli on the surface of epithelial cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of epithelium is well-suited for absorption and filtration due to its single layer of cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a cutaneous membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of epithelial tissue is primarily found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the mouth and skin?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of membrane lines body cavities that open to the outside?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure primarily supports epithelial tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of serous membranes?
Signup and view all the answers
Endocrine glands secrete their products through which mechanism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following glands is considered unicellular?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the tissue repair process?
Signup and view all the answers
During the organization and restored blood supply phase of tissue repair, what occurs?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes the regeneration and fibrosis step of tissue repair?
Signup and view all the answers
What term is used for mitotically active and secretory cells in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cartilage is known for its ability to rebound after compression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes exocrine glands?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of body weight does blood constitute in an average individual?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average volume of blood in males?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cell type is responsible for synthesizing antibodies as part of immune defense?
Signup and view all the answers
What maintains normal pH levels in body tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a characteristic unique to hyaline cartilage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary component of plasma by volume?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood plasma?
Signup and view all the answers
What structural feature allows red blood cells to change shape as they pass through capillaries?
Signup and view all the answers
During which period is the liver the major organ for producing red blood cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mean diameter of a normal red blood cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Which substances are not typically found in blood plasma?
Signup and view all the answers
Which protein component is NOT part of hemoglobin?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the major electrolytes found in blood plasma?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of hemocytoblasts in hematopoiesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements correctly describes erythropoiesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Overview of Tissues
- Tissues are groups of cells sharing a common structure and function.
- Four primary tissue types: Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous.
Epithelial Tissue
- Composed of tightly packed cells forming layers, with high regeneration rates.
- Two major types:
- Glandular epithelium: Found in exocrine and endocrine glands, secretes fluids.
- Lining epithelium: Forms skin outer layers and lines internal organs.
- Features of epithelial tissue include:
- Apical surface (outer), Basal surface (inner).
- Microvilli for absorption; Cilia for movement of materials.
- Supported by underlying connective tissue, forming the basement membrane.
- Avascular (lacking blood vessels) but innervated.
Classification of Epithelia
- Classified by cell shape:
- Squamous (flat)
- Cuboidal (height equals width)
- Columnar (tall)
- Classified by arrangement:
- Simple (single cell layer for absorption)
- Stratified (multiple layers for protection, e.g., skin, mouth).
Types of Epithelial Membranes
- Cutaneous membrane: Skin; keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
- Mucous membranes: Line cavities opening to outside (e.g., respiratory tract).
- Serous membranes: Line closed cavities (e.g., peritoneum, pleura, pericardium) and secrete serous fluid.
Glandular Epithelium
- Consists of one or more cells producing secretions.
- Classified by:
-
Site of secretion:
- Endocrine: Ductless, secrete hormones into circulation.
- Exocrine: Secrete through ducts to body's surfaces (e.g., sweat glands).
-
Number of cells:
- Unicellular: e.g., goblet cells.
- Multicellular: usually with ducts.
-
Site of secretion:
Tissue Repair Process
- Inflammation: Release of inflammatory chemicals, dilation of blood vessels, clotting, and phagocytosis of debris.
- Organization: Blood clot replaced by granulation tissue, and epithelium begins to regenerate.
- Regeneration and fibrosis: Maturation of fibrous tissue, thickening of the epithelium, finalizing with the formation of scar tissue.
Types of Muscle Tissue
- Composes approximately 60% of body mass, and categorized as:
- Cardiac muscle: Found in the heart, involuntary control.
- Skeletal muscle: Attached to bones, voluntary control.
- Smooth muscle: Lines blood vessels and organs, involuntary.
Nervous Tissue
- Comprises the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
- Functions in signal transmission and physiological responses.
- Contains:
- Neurons: Conduct electrical impulses.
- Neuroglia: Supportive cells assisting neurons.
Blood Composition
- Blood is a specialized tissue made of plasma and cellular elements.
- Average volume is 5-6 L in males, 4-5 L in females, comprising about 8% of body weight.
- pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45, typically at a temperature of 38°C.
Functions of Blood
- Distribution: Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste.
- Regulation: Maintains temperature, pH balance, and fluid volume.
- Protection: Initiates clot formation to prevent blood loss and combats infection through white blood cells and antibodies.
Plasma
- Comprises about 55% of blood volume; mostly water (95%).
- Dissolves various solutes, including proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, and gases.
Cellular Elements of Blood
- Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Biconcave discs with a mean diameter of about 7.5µm; primarily responsible for oxygen transport.
- Production occurs during various stages of embryonic and postnatal development, primarily in the bone marrow.
Hematopoiesis and Erythropoiesis
- Hematopoiesis: Blood cell formation involves hemocytoblasts and happens in the red bone marrow.
- Erythropoiesis: Production of RBCs through several developmental stages until mature erythrocytes are formed.
Connective Tissue
- Contains specialized cells (e.g., fibroblasts) and a matrix consisting of ground substance and fibers.
- Cartilage types include hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, all maintaining unique hydration and resilience properties.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers Chapter 1 of FHSC 203, focusing on the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue. Explore the structure and functions of these tissues to enhance your understanding of human physiology.
