FHSC 203 - Human Body Tissues

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Questions and Answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is found in both exocrine and endocrine glands?

Glandular epithelial tissue (correct)

Stratified epithelial tissue

Columnar epithelial tissue

Simple squamous epithelium

What characterizes the inner surfaces of epithelial cells?

Lumen of internal cavities

Basal ends of the cells (correct)

Apical ends of the cells

Desmosomal connections

Which of the following is NOT a feature of epithelial tissue?

Supported by connective tissue

High rate of regeneration

Highly vascularized (correct)

Innervated

What is the purpose of microvilli on the surface of epithelial cells?

Increase surface area for absorption or secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is well-suited for absorption and filtration due to its single layer of cells?

Simple epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What defines a cutaneous membrane?

It is a dry membrane and the outermost protective boundary. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is primarily found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the mouth and skin?

Stratified epithelial tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane lines body cavities that open to the outside?

Mucous membranes Signup and view all the answers

What structure primarily supports epithelial tissue?

Basement membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of serous membranes?

They are covered by serous fluid that reduces friction. Signup and view all the answers

Endocrine glands secrete their products through which mechanism?

Via exocytosis into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands is considered unicellular?

Goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the tissue repair process?

Inflammation Signup and view all the answers

During the organization and restored blood supply phase of tissue repair, what occurs?

Replacement of the blood clot with granulation tissue Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the regeneration and fibrosis step of tissue repair?

The fibrous tissue matures and the epithelium thickens. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for mitotically active and secretory cells in the body?

Blasts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is known for its ability to rebound after compression?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes exocrine glands?

They release secretions onto body surfaces or into cavities. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of body weight does blood constitute in an average individual?

8% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

Hormone production Signup and view all the answers

What is the average volume of blood in males?

5-6 L Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for synthesizing antibodies as part of immune defense?

White blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What maintains normal pH levels in body tissues?

Buffer systems in blood Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic unique to hyaline cartilage?

Has a smoother surface for frictionless movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of plasma by volume?

Water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood plasma?

Carrying oxygen to tissues Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature allows red blood cells to change shape as they pass through capillaries?

Spectrin proteins Signup and view all the answers

During which period is the liver the major organ for producing red blood cells?

Middle trimester gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean diameter of a normal red blood cell?

7.5 µm Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are not typically found in blood plasma?

Nerve impulses Signup and view all the answers

Which protein component is NOT part of hemoglobin?

Myosin Signup and view all the answers

What are the major electrolytes found in blood plasma?

Sodium and potassium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hemocytoblasts in hematopoiesis?

To give rise to all formed elements of blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes erythropoiesis?

It involves multiple stages leading to the production of mature erythrocytes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for voluntary movements?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of neurons in the nervous system?

To transmit electrical impulses from the brain to the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?

Epithelial muscle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Tissues

Tissues are groups of cells sharing a common structure and function.
Four primary tissue types: Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous.

Epithelial Tissue

Composed of tightly packed cells forming layers, with high regeneration rates.
Two major types:
- Glandular epithelium: Found in exocrine and endocrine glands, secretes fluids.
- Lining epithelium: Forms skin outer layers and lines internal organs.
Features of epithelial tissue include:
- Apical surface (outer), Basal surface (inner).
- Microvilli for absorption; Cilia for movement of materials.
- Supported by underlying connective tissue, forming the basement membrane.
- Avascular (lacking blood vessels) but innervated.

Classification of Epithelia

Classified by cell shape:
- Squamous (flat)
- Cuboidal (height equals width)
- Columnar (tall)
Classified by arrangement:
- Simple (single cell layer for absorption)
- Stratified (multiple layers for protection, e.g., skin, mouth).

Types of Epithelial Membranes

Cutaneous membrane: Skin; keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Mucous membranes: Line cavities opening to outside (e.g., respiratory tract).
Serous membranes: Line closed cavities (e.g., peritoneum, pleura, pericardium) and secrete serous fluid.

Glandular Epithelium

Consists of one or more cells producing secretions.
Classified by:
- Site of secretion:
  - Endocrine: Ductless, secrete hormones into circulation.
  - Exocrine: Secrete through ducts to body's surfaces (e.g., sweat glands).
- Number of cells:
  - Unicellular: e.g., goblet cells.
  - Multicellular: usually with ducts.

Tissue Repair Process

Inflammation: Release of inflammatory chemicals, dilation of blood vessels, clotting, and phagocytosis of debris.
Organization: Blood clot replaced by granulation tissue, and epithelium begins to regenerate.
Regeneration and fibrosis: Maturation of fibrous tissue, thickening of the epithelium, finalizing with the formation of scar tissue.

Types of Muscle Tissue

Composes approximately 60% of body mass, and categorized as:
- Cardiac muscle: Found in the heart, involuntary control.
- Skeletal muscle: Attached to bones, voluntary control.
- Smooth muscle: Lines blood vessels and organs, involuntary.

Nervous Tissue

Comprises the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
Functions in signal transmission and physiological responses.
Contains:
- Neurons: Conduct electrical impulses.
- Neuroglia: Supportive cells assisting neurons.

Blood Composition

Blood is a specialized tissue made of plasma and cellular elements.
Average volume is 5-6 L in males, 4-5 L in females, comprising about 8% of body weight.
pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45, typically at a temperature of 38°C.

Functions of Blood

Distribution: Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste.
Regulation: Maintains temperature, pH balance, and fluid volume.
Protection: Initiates clot formation to prevent blood loss and combats infection through white blood cells and antibodies.

Plasma

Comprises about 55% of blood volume; mostly water (95%).
Dissolves various solutes, including proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, and gases.

Cellular Elements of Blood

Red Blood Cells (RBCs): Biconcave discs with a mean diameter of about 7.5µm; primarily responsible for oxygen transport.
Production occurs during various stages of embryonic and postnatal development, primarily in the bone marrow.

Hematopoiesis and Erythropoiesis

Hematopoiesis: Blood cell formation involves hemocytoblasts and happens in the red bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis: Production of RBCs through several developmental stages until mature erythrocytes are formed.

Connective Tissue

Contains specialized cells (e.g., fibroblasts) and a matrix consisting of ground substance and fibers.
Cartilage types include hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, all maintaining unique hydration and resilience properties.

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Description

This quiz covers Chapter 1 of FHSC 203, focusing on the four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue. Explore the structure and functions of these tissues to enhance your understanding of human physiology.