Fertilization Process

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What is the primary function of the foramen ovale in a fetus?

To produce brown fat for thermogenesis

To increase blood flow to the lungs

To allow oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs (correct)

To regulate body temperature

What determines the phenotype of an individual?

The genotype of the parents

The genotype of the individual (correct)

The number of chromosomes inherited

The allele that is dominant

What is the role of prolactin in lactation?

To regulate body temperature in the infant

To establish and maintain milk supply (correct)

To produce immunoglobulins in colostrum

To stop milk production after childbirth

What is the primary function of brown fat in infants?

To regulate body temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ductus arterioles in a fetus?

It closes after birth to redirect blood flow to the lungs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an individual who has a recessive gene that can be passed on to their offspring?

Carrier (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of capacitation in sperm?

Preparation of sperm for fertilization, resulting in a thicker membrane over the head (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surviving sperm during fertilization?

They travel to the tubes in 30-120 minutes and can survive for 3-5 days (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the acrosomal reaction?

To release the enzymes to penetrate both layers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the plasma membrane after fertilization?

It depolarizes to prevent more sperm penetration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the fertilization membrane?

It prevents more sperm from penetrating the oocyte (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of forming fraternal twins?

1% of the time, when 2 oocytes are released and fertilized (B) Signup and view all the answers

During embryonic development, what is the function of the yolk sac?

To provide nourishment to the embryo until the placenta is functional (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the primitive streak?

It allows cells to travel and form endoderm or mesoderm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta during embryonic development?

To provide nourishment to the embryo until birth (A) Signup and view all the answers

When is the placenta development complete?

By the end of week 12 (A) Signup and view all the answers

During weeks 9-12, which of the following processes begins in the bone marrow?

Erythropoiesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of relaxin during pregnancy?

To loosen the pelvis and dilate the cervix (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'bloody show' during labor?

It indicates the onset of labor (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of childbirth does the fetal head enter the birth canal?

Expulsion stage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of estrogen during pregnancy?

To stimulate fetal development and maternal tissue growth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the increased production of thyrotropin during pregnancy?

To stimulate the production of thyroid hormone (B) Signup and view all the answers