32 Questions
What is the process by which sperm cells prepare to penetrate the oocyte?
Capacitation
What is the purpose of the slow block after fertilization?
To destroy remaining sperm receptors
What is the result of two oocytes being released and fertilized?
Fraternal twins
How long can sperm cells survive inside the female reproductive tract?
3-5 days
What happens when multiple sperm cells try to penetrate the oocyte?
Hundreds of sperm cells slowly degrade the outer cover of the oocyte
What is the final result of fertilization?
A diploid zygote
What is the approximate amount of breast milk produced by females per infant?
1.5 liters
What is the purpose of the laxative property in breast milk?
To remove bilirubin from the infant
How many chromosomes do humans have in total?
46
What is the term for the outward appearance and behavior of an individual?
Phenotype
What is the term for a copy of a gene?
Allele
What is the blood type that is an example of co-dominance?
AB
What is the term for the time it takes for the offspring to develop?
Gestation
During which weeks of gestation is the offspring called an embryo?
Weeks 3-8
What is the name of the hormone produced by the uterine mucosa during implantation?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
What is the term for the process of cells forming layers of membranes during the second week of gestation?
Embryonic folding
What is the result of a lack of folate in the diet during pregnancy?
Spina bifida
During which weeks of gestation does sexual differentiation occur?
Weeks 9-12
What is the average weight of a newborn?
5.5-8.8 lbs
What is the purpose of the hormone relaxin during pregnancy?
To loosen ligaments at the hip joint and dilate the cervix
How many trimesters are there in a pregnancy?
3
What is the term for the protrusion of the spinal cord and membranes that can occur during pregnancy?
Spina bifida
What is the normal weight gain for a mother during the second and third trimesters?
1 lb per week
Why does morning sickness occur during pregnancy?
Increase in hormones and decrease in peristalsis
What is the purpose of an episiotomy during childbirth?
To cut the posterior vaginal wall and perineum
What is the duration of the postpartum period?
6 weeks
What is the primary source of warmth for a newborn baby?
Brown fat
What is the purpose of the APGAR score?
To evaluate the baby's overall health
What is the composition of breast milk during the first 3 days postpartum?
High in immunoglobulin
What is the role of prolactin in lactation?
Stimulates the growth of mammary glands
Why does the uterus put pressure on the veins during pregnancy?
To make it harder to return blood to the heart
What is the term for the uterus returning to its original size after childbirth?
Involution
Learn about the process of fertilization, where a haploid ovum and a haploid sperm cell unite. Understand the challenges faced by sperm cells and the role of capacitation in fertilization.
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