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Fertilization Process Overview
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Fertilization Process Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of acrosine in the fertilization process?

  • It is responsible for the cortical reaction in the oocyte.
  • It modifies the extracellular matrix of the egg to make it impenetrable to sperm entry.
  • It helps the sperm to pass through the zona pellucida. (correct)
  • It is involved in the fusion of the sperm and oocyte cell membranes.

    • What is the purpose of the zona reaction during fertilization?

  • It prevents the binding of another sperm to ZP3 in the zona pellucida. (correct)
  • It causes the sperm binding activity of ZP3 to be lost.
  • It creates a fast blockage to polyspermy by modifying the extracellular matrix.
  • It releases cortical granules to the perivitellin space to avoid polyspermy.

    • What is the first answer of the oocyte to the incoming sperm?

  • The release of cortical granules.
  • The cortical reaction. (correct)
  • The zona reaction.
  • The fusion of the oolemma with the sperm.

    • What is the role of the cortical granules in the fertilization process?

    <p>They modify the extracellular matrix to make it impenetrable to sperm entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the sperm that interacts with the oolemma (egg cell membrane) during fertilization?

    <p>The cell membrane of the spermatozoon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of meiosis that oocytes are arrested in before puberty?

    <p>Meiosis I prophase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can the pupillary light reflex in the eye be determined?

    <p>At the 30th week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate amount of white fat in the fetus between weeks 30 and 34?

    <p>8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical weight of a normal fetus at birth?

    <p>3000-4000 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are gender characteristics of the fetus evident?

    <p>Between weeks 35 and 38</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of babies are born 1 or 2 weeks after the expected due date?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to babies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or small for gestational age (SGA)?

    <p>Maternal vascular disease, intrauterine infection, smoking, alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells differentiate to become syncytiotrophoblast during implantation?

    <p>Cytotrophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the layer of cells that first appears on the surface of the embryoblast at the end of the first week?

    <p>Hypoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pregnancy occurs when more than one oocyte is ovulated and fertilized in the same cycle?

    <p>Dyzigotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives rise to germ layers that form all the tissues and organs of the embryo?

    <p>Epiblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the yolk sac during early gestation?

    <p>Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a single zygote splits into two in the early stages of division forming two different embryos?

    <p>Monozigotic pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fetal membranes develops from the EPIBLAST?

    <p>Amnion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bilaminar embryonic disc composed of during implantation?

    <p>Epiblast and hypoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between the yolk sac and the developing embryo?

    <p>The yolk sac is attached to the midgut via the yolk stalk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered a fetal membrane?

    <p>Placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of embryogenesis do the yolk sac and amnion develop?

    <p>Days 8-14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an extaembryonic fetal membrane?

    <p>Embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of development does ossification (bone formation) begin in the upper extremities?

    <p>End of week 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the fingers during the 7th week of development?

    <p>Clefts form between finger outlines and fingers can be distinguished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the connection between the primitive gut and the umbilical sac decrease?

    <p>Week 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does voluntary movement of the extremities first appear?

    <p>Beginning of week 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure disappears completely by the end of the 8th week of development?

    <p>The caudal process (tail)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the eyes by the end of the 8th week?

    <p>The eyelids close to protect the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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