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Questions and Answers
What is the most commonly used metric for the total number of births per woman in a population?
What is the most commonly used metric for the total number of births per woman in a population?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
What is the estimated global fertility rate in 2050?
What is the estimated global fertility rate in 2050?
2.2 live births per woman
What is the formula for calculating the crude birth rate?
What is the formula for calculating the crude birth rate?
The number of live births observed in a population during a reference period divided by the number of person-years lived by the population during the same period.
What was the global crude birth rate in 2022, according to the WHO?
What was the global crude birth rate in 2022, according to the WHO?
What was the crude birth rate (CBR) of the Philippines in 2023?
What was the crude birth rate (CBR) of the Philippines in 2023?
What is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management?
What is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management?
What is the estimated number of women who die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications around the world every day?
What is the estimated number of women who die from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications around the world every day?
What is the risk of a woman in a developing country dying from a pregnancy-related cause during her lifetime compared to a woman living in a developed country?
What is the risk of a woman in a developing country dying from a pregnancy-related cause during her lifetime compared to a woman living in a developed country?
What is the most vulnerable time for a child?
What is the most vulnerable time for a child?
How many children died in the first month of life in 2022?
How many children died in the first month of life in 2022?
What was the neonatal mortality rate for the Philippines in 2023?
What was the neonatal mortality rate for the Philippines in 2023?
What is the mean age of mothers at the birth of their children if women were subject throughout their lives to the age-specific fertility rates observed in a given year?
What is the mean age of mothers at the birth of their children if women were subject throughout their lives to the age-specific fertility rates observed in a given year?
What is the branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms?
What is the branch of biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms?
Who was the first to study genetics scientifically?
Who was the first to study genetics scientifically?
What term is used to describe the discrete "units of inheritance" that organisms inherit from their parents?
What term is used to describe the discrete "units of inheritance" that organisms inherit from their parents?
What is the term for a single nucleotide polymorphism?
What is the term for a single nucleotide polymorphism?
What is the process of advising individuals and families affected by or at risk of genetic disorders to help them understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease?
What is the process of advising individuals and families affected by or at risk of genetic disorders to help them understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease?
Genetic inheritance occurs due to genetic material in the form of DNA being passed from parents to their offspring.
Genetic inheritance occurs due to genetic material in the form of DNA being passed from parents to their offspring.
The transmission of familial elements from one generation to the next is called inheritance.
The transmission of familial elements from one generation to the next is called inheritance.
What is the basic unit of genetic information?
What is the basic unit of genetic information?
What is the structure within the cell that delivers the genetic material as DNA?
What is the structure within the cell that delivers the genetic material as DNA?
What is a diagrammatic representation of diseases history in a family up to 3rd degree relative?
What is a diagrammatic representation of diseases history in a family up to 3rd degree relative?
What is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life?
What is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life?
A person has two copies of almost every gene, one copy from mom and one copy from dad.
A person has two copies of almost every gene, one copy from mom and one copy from dad.
Fathers can pass X-linked traits to their sons.
Fathers can pass X-linked traits to their sons.
Genetic counseling can help families cope with the emotional, psychological, medical, social, and economic consequences of genetic test results.
Genetic counseling can help families cope with the emotional, psychological, medical, social, and economic consequences of genetic test results.
The goal of genetic counselling is to prevent birth defects and genetic disorders.
The goal of genetic counselling is to prevent birth defects and genetic disorders.
Genetic counseling sessions are usually short, lasting only 15-30 minutes.
Genetic counseling sessions are usually short, lasting only 15-30 minutes.
The use of genetic testing is always straightforward and simple.
The use of genetic testing is always straightforward and simple.
Genetic counselors are key members of the healthcare team, providing valuable support to patients and their families.
Genetic counselors are key members of the healthcare team, providing valuable support to patients and their families.
Genetic counselors should maintain a professional and objective distance from their clients to maintain objectivity.
Genetic counselors should maintain a professional and objective distance from their clients to maintain objectivity.
What is the process of searching in apparently normal population for individual with abnormal genes which increase their risk or their offspring of being affected by a disease?
What is the process of searching in apparently normal population for individual with abnormal genes which increase their risk or their offspring of being affected by a disease?
What is the term for a detailed family history to get a sense of disease penetrance and patterns of disease?
What is the term for a detailed family history to get a sense of disease penetrance and patterns of disease?
What are some of the ethical challenges faced in genetic counselling?
What are some of the ethical challenges faced in genetic counselling?
What are some of the types of genetic screening?
What are some of the types of genetic screening?
Flashcards
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The number of children a woman is expected to have in her lifetime, based on current birth rates.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The annual number of live births per 1,000 people in a population.
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR)
The number of women who die during pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births.
Neonatal Mortality Rate
Neonatal Mortality Rate
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Mean Age at Childbearing
Mean Age at Childbearing
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Genetics
Genetics
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Inheritance
Inheritance
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Gene
Gene
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
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Genome
Genome
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Genetic Pedigree
Genetic Pedigree
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Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
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Mutation
Mutation
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
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Dominant Mutation
Dominant Mutation
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Recessive Mutation
Recessive Mutation
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X-Linked Trait
X-Linked Trait
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Autosomes
Autosomes
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Genetic Counseling
Genetic Counseling
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Genetic Screening
Genetic Screening
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Carrier Identification
Carrier Identification
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Prenatal Diagnosis
Prenatal Diagnosis
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Newborn Screening
Newborn Screening
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Forensic Screening
Forensic Screening
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Genetic Counselors
Genetic Counselors
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Genetic Counseling Ethics
Genetic Counseling Ethics
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Study Notes
Total Fertility Rate
- The number of children born per woman if all women lived through childbearing years.
- Measured by the average number of children per woman, also known as TFR.
- Global TFR in 2024: 2.3
- Philippine TFR in 2024: 2.7
Trends in Fertility
- Global fertility rate is expected to fall from 2.5 in 2024 to 2.2 in 2050 then to 1.9 in 2100.
- Global TFR declined from 2.7 (2017) to 1.9 (2022).
Crude Birth Rate
- Annual number of live births per 1,000 people.
- Calculated by dividing live births by person-years lived within that population
- 2022 global crude birth rate is 16.8 per 1,000 people.
- CBR in the Philippines in 2023 was 12.8.
Filipino Crude Birth Rate
- In 2023, the Philippines had 1,448,522 live births..
- The crude birth rate in the past ten years has dropped by 17.2 % from 1,748,857 in 2014
- Average of 3969 babies born every day, which is 165 per hour, and nearly three (3) babies born per minute.
- Luzon (57.5% of all births), Visayas (18.2%) and Mindanao (24.3%) were leading regions in live births..
- CALABARZON, NCR and Central Luzon were leading in birth occurrences.
Maternal Mortality
- Annual female deaths from pregnancy/childbirth or management issues (excluding accidents).
- Includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or 42 days post-pregnancy.
- Global maternal mortality ratio decreased by 34% between 2000 and 2020 (from 339 to 223 deaths per 100,000 live births).
Philippine MMR 2000 - 2020
- 2000 MMR: 129
- 2005 MMR: 122
- 2010 MMR: 105
- 2015 MMR: 88
- 2020 MMR: 78
Neonatal Mortality Rate
- Number of neonates dying within 28 days of birth per 1,000 live births.
- 2021 Philippine rate: 12.3 per 1,000 live births
- 2024 Philippine rate: 14.2 per 1,000 live births
- 2022 global rate: 6,300 neonatal deaths per day (approx. 2.3 million).
Global/Philippine Population
- Global population in 2024: 8.2 billion
- Philippine population in 2024: 116 million
Mean Age at Childbearing
- Average age of mothers when giving birth in a given year.
- Philippine mean age in 2020: 28.9 years.
- This age steadily decreased from 30.7 (1975) to 28.81 (2020).
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts related to total fertility rate (TFR) and crude birth rate (CBR) as they pertain to global and Philippine statistics. Discover trends in fertility and understand how these numbers have changed over the years. Test your knowledge on the implications of these rates on population growth and policy.
