Femur Bone Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the longest bone in the human body?

  • Femur (correct)
  • Humerus
  • Tibia
  • Fibula

    • What is the purpose of the head of the femur?

  • To connect the femur to the knee joint
  • To form the hip joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis (correct)
  • To provide a surface for the patella to slide on
  • To attach muscles of the gluteal region

    • What is the angle of projection of the neck of the femur to the shaft?

  • 120-135 degrees (correct)
  • 180-190 degrees
  • 90-100 degrees
  • 150-160 degrees

    • Which muscle originates from the greater trochanter of the femur?

    <p>Vastus lateralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intertrochanteric line?

    <p>To provide a site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smaller of the two bony processes on the proximal end of the femur?

    <p>Lesser trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trochanteric crest?

    <p>To connect the two trochanters together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of attachment for the iliopsoas muscle?

    <p>Lesser trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the femur?

    <p>To act as a site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attach to?

    <p>Medial aspect of lateral condyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is the patella classified as?

    <p>Sesamoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the patella?

    <p>Ankle rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the patella?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tubercle on the superior half of the femur where quadratus femoris attaches?

    <p>Quadrate tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) attach to?

    <p>Lateral aspect of medial condyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

    <p>Patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the cross-section of the shaft of the femur in the middle?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the groove in the femur where the patella is located?

    <p>Patellofemoral groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the roughened ridges on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft?

    <p>Linea aspera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur?

    <p>To articulate with the tibia and menisci of the knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the patella in terms of muscle efficiency?

    <p>Enhances power of quadriceps tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the more prominent lateral condyle of the femur?

    <p>To prevent natural lateral movement of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facet of the patella articulates with the medial condyle of the femur?

    <p>Medial facet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

    <p>Patellar ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony elevation on the non-articular area of the condyle where the medial collateral ligament originates?

    <p>Medial epicondyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depression found on the posterior surface of the femur, between the two condyles?

    <p>Intercondylar fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction in which the shaft of the femur descends?

    <p>Medial direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a flatter condyle on the patella?

    <p>It is more likely to result in dislocation of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface that articulates with the patella?

    <p>Anterior surface of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the femur forms the hip joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony ridges that connect the two trochanters?

    <p>Trochanteric crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

    <p>Iliopsoas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle of projection of the neck of the femur to the shaft?

    <p>120-135 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the trochanteric crest?

    <p>Site of attachment for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intertrochanteric line?

    <p>Site of attachment for ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the femur is divided into three areas?

    <p>Entire femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the head of the femur?

    <p>Spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the greater trochanter?

    <p>Site of attachment for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the patella in terms of leg movement?

    <p>Enhancing power of quadriceps tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament attaches to the lateral aspect of the medial condyle?

    <p>Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the base of the patella?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the patella in terms of protection?

    <p>Protecting the knee joint from physical trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface of the patella articulates with the femur?

    <p>Posterior surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attachment site for the quadriceps tendon?

    <p>Base of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

    <p>Patellar ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is the patella classified as due to its position?

    <p>Sesamoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many facets are present on the posterior surface of the patella?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the patella in relation to the knee joint?

    <p>In front of the knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the quadratus femoris attaching to the quadrate tubercle?

    <p>To increase the stability of the knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the cross-section of the shaft of the femur in the middle?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the roughened ridges on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft?

    <p>Linea aspera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies between the medial and lateral supracondylar lines?

    <p>Popliteal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the more prominent lateral condyle of the femur?

    <p>To prevent lateral movement of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?

    <p>Widening of linea aspera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medial epicondyle?

    <p>A larger bony elevation on the non-articular area of the condyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a flatter condyle on the patella?

    <p>It results in dislocation of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction in which the shaft of the femur descends?

    <p>Medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intercondylar fossa?

    <p>A depression on the posterior surface of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attachment?

    <p>Medial aspect of lateral condyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the patella in terms of muscle efficiency?

    <p>Increases power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur?

    <p>Lateral facet of patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the superior aspect of the patella attached to?

    <p>Quadriceps tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the patella?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the patella in terms of protection?

    <p>Protects anterior aspect of knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What attaches the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

    <p>Patellar ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the posterior surface of the patella involved in?

    <p>Articulation with femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bony landmark that the patella is located in?

    <p>Patellofemoral groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the patella in terms of leg movement?

    <p>Extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction in which the shaft of the femur descends?

    <p>Medial direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the roughened ridges on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft?

    <p>Linea aspera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur?

    <p>To articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the more prominent lateral condyle of the femur?

    <p>To prevent the natural lateral movement of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the depression found on the posterior surface of the femur, between the two condyles?

    <p>Intercondylar fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the cross-section of the shaft of the femur in the middle?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony elevation on the non-articular area of the condyle where the medial collateral ligament originates?

    <p>Medial epicondyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the trochanters in the femur?

    <p>To provide attachment sites for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the neck of the femur?

    <p>Cylindrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a flatter condyle on the patella?

    <p>It increases the likelihood of dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface that articulates with the patella?

    <p>Anterior surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intertrochanteric line?

    <p>To connect the trochanters and provide attachment for the iliofemoral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pectineal line?

    <p>To provide a site for muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the neck of the femur in relation to the shaft?

    <p>Superior and medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proximal area of the femur divided into?

    <p>Head, neck, trochanters, and shaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surface of the head of the femur covered with?

    <p>Articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the femur in the body?

    <p>To form the hip joint and provide attachment sites for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the trochanteric crest?

    <p>To connect the two trochanters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of attachment for the gluteus medius muscle?

    <p>Greater trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the femur in terms of movement?

    <p>To provide movement at the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the quadratus femoris muscle attach to on the femur?

    <p>Quadrate tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the cross-section of the shaft of the femur in the middle?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the linea aspera?

    <p>Attaches muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies between the medial and lateral supracondylar lines?

    <p>Popliteal surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the more prominent lateral condyle?

    <p>Prevents lateral movement of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the depression found on the posterior surface of the femur?

    <p>Intercondylar fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament originates from the medial epicondyle?

    <p>Medial collateral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does the shaft of the femur descend?

    <p>Medially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the medial and lateral epicondyles?

    <p>Provide attachment sites for muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a flatter condyle on the patella?

    <p>Decreases stability of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the patella in relation to the knee joint?

    <p>Within the patellofemoral groove of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the patella in terms of leg movement?

    <p>Leg extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attachment site for the quadriceps tendon?

    <p>Base of the patella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many facets are present on the posterior surface of the patella?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

    <p>Patellar ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the patella?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament attaches to the medial aspect of the lateral condyle?

    <p>Anterior cruciate ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the patella in terms of protection?

    <p>Protects the knee joint from physical trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facet of the patella articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur?

    <p>Lateral facet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is the patella classified as due to its position?

    <p>Sesamoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the proximal area of the femur?

    <p>To form the hip joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bony ridges that connect the two trochanters?

    <p>Trochanteric crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the neck of the femur connect?

    <p>To the shaft of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of attachment for the iliopsoas muscle?

    <p>Lesser trochanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the head of the femur?

    <p>It has a smooth surface, covered with articular cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the greater trochanter?

    <p>To attach muscles in the gluteal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the neck of the femur?

    <p>It is cylindrical and projects in a superior and medial direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the intertrochanteric line?

    <p>To attach the iliofemoral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the femur?

    <p>It is divided into three areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the proximal area of the femur in terms of movement?

    <p>To increase the range of movement at the hip joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Femur

    • Longest bone in the body and the only bone in the thigh.
    • Divided into three areas: proximal, shaft, and distal.

    Proximal Area

    • Forms the hip joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis.
    • Consists of a head, neck, and two bony processes (greater and lesser trochanters).
    • Head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.
    • Neck of the femur connects the head to the shaft, projecting in a superior and medial direction at an angle of 120-135 degrees.

    Greater Trochanter

    • Most lateral palpable projection of the bone.
    • Site of attachment for many muscles in the gluteal region, including gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, and vastus lateralis.

    Lesser Trochanter

    • Smaller than the greater trochanter.
    • Projects from the posteromedial side of the femur, just inferior to the neck-shaft junction.
    • Site of attachment for iliopsoas.

    Intertrochanteric Line and Crest

    • A ridge of bone that connects the two trochanters together.
    • Anteriorly, it is known as the intertrochanteric line, and posteriorly, it is known as the trochanteric crest.
    • Site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament and the hip joint capsule.

    Shaft of Femur

    • Descends in a slight medial direction, bringing the knees closer to the body's center of gravity and increasing stability.
    • A cross-section of the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at proximal and distal aspects.
    • Posterior surface has roughened ridges called linea aspera.

    Distal End of Femur

    • Presence of medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
    • Medial and lateral condyles are rounded areas at the end of the femur.
    • Posterior and inferior surfaces articulate with the tibia and menisci of the knee, while the anterior surface articulates with the patella.

    Patella (Knee-cap)

    • Located at the front of the knee joint, within the patellofemoral groove of the femur.
    • Classified as a sesamoid type bone due to its position within the quadriceps tendon.
    • Largest sesamoid bone in the body.

    Bony Landmarks of Patella

    • Triangular shape with anterior and posterior surfaces.
    • Apex is situated inferiorly and connected to the tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament.
    • Base forms the superior aspect of the bone and provides attachment area for the quadriceps tendon.

    Functions of Patella

    • Enhances the power that the quadriceps tendon can exert on the femur, increasing the efficiency of the muscle during leg extension.
    • Protects the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma.

    Femur Structure

    • The femur is the longest bone in the body and the only bone in the thigh.
    • Divided into three areas: proximal, shaft, and distal.

    Proximal Area of Femur

    • Forms the hip joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis.
    • Consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes (greater and lesser trochanters).
    • The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.
    • The neck of the femur connects the head of the femur with the shaft and is set at an angle of 120-135 degrees to the shaft.

    Greater Trochanter of Femur

    • The most lateral palpable projection of the bone.
    • Site of attachment for many muscles in the gluteal region, such as gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis.

    Lesser Trochanter of Femur

    • Smaller than the greater trochanter.
    • Projects from the posteromedial side of the femur, just inferior to the neck-shaft junction.
    • Site of attachment for iliopsoas.

    Intertrochanteric Line of Femur

    • A ridge of bone that runs in an inferomedial direction on the anterior surface of the femur.
    • Connects the two trochanters together.
    • Site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament and the hip joint capsule.

    Shaft of Femur

    • Descends in a slight medial direction.
    • Brings the knees closer to the body's center of gravity, increasing stability.
    • A cross-section of the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at proximal and distal aspects.

    Distal End of Femur

    • Presence of medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
    • The medial and lateral condyles are rounded areas at the end of the femur.
    • The posterior and inferior surfaces articulate with the tibia and menisci of the knee, while the anterior surface articulates with the patella.

    Patella (Knee-Cap)

    • Located at the front of the knee joint, within the patellofemoral groove of the femur.
    • Classified as a sesamoid type bone due to its position within the quadriceps tendon.
    • The largest sesamoid bone in the body.

    Bony Landmarks of Patella

    • The patella has a triangular shape, with anterior and posterior surfaces.
    • The apex of the patella is situated inferiorly and connected to the tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament.
    • The base forms the superior aspect of the bone and provides an attachment area for the quadriceps tendon.

    Functions of Patella

    • Enhances the power that the quadriceps tendon can exert on the femur, increasing the efficiency of the muscle.
    • Protects the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma.

    Femur Structure

    • The femur is the longest bone in the body and the only bone in the thigh.
    • Divided into three areas: proximal, shaft, and distal.

    Proximal Area of Femur

    • Forms the hip joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis.
    • Consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes (greater and lesser trochanters).
    • The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.
    • The neck of the femur connects the head of the femur with the shaft and is set at an angle of 120-135 degrees to the shaft.

    Greater Trochanter of Femur

    • The most lateral palpable projection of the bone.
    • Site of attachment for many muscles in the gluteal region, such as gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis.

    Lesser Trochanter of Femur

    • Smaller than the greater trochanter.
    • Projects from the posteromedial side of the femur, just inferior to the neck-shaft junction.
    • Site of attachment for iliopsoas.

    Intertrochanteric Line of Femur

    • A ridge of bone that runs in an inferomedial direction on the anterior surface of the femur.
    • Connects the two trochanters together.
    • Site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament and the hip joint capsule.

    Shaft of Femur

    • Descends in a slight medial direction.
    • Brings the knees closer to the body's center of gravity, increasing stability.
    • A cross-section of the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at proximal and distal aspects.

    Distal End of Femur

    • Presence of medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
    • The medial and lateral condyles are rounded areas at the end of the femur.
    • The posterior and inferior surfaces articulate with the tibia and menisci of the knee, while the anterior surface articulates with the patella.

    Patella (Knee-Cap)

    • Located at the front of the knee joint, within the patellofemoral groove of the femur.
    • Classified as a sesamoid type bone due to its position within the quadriceps tendon.
    • The largest sesamoid bone in the body.

    Bony Landmarks of Patella

    • The patella has a triangular shape, with anterior and posterior surfaces.
    • The apex of the patella is situated inferiorly and connected to the tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament.
    • The base forms the superior aspect of the bone and provides an attachment area for the quadriceps tendon.

    Functions of Patella

    • Enhances the power that the quadriceps tendon can exert on the femur, increasing the efficiency of the muscle.
    • Protects the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma.

    Femur Structure

    • The femur is the longest bone in the body and the only bone in the thigh.
    • Divided into three areas: proximal, shaft, and distal.

    Proximal Area of Femur

    • Forms the hip joint with the acetabulum of the pelvis.
    • Consists of a head and neck, and two bony processes (greater and lesser trochanters).
    • The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint.
    • The neck of the femur connects the head of the femur with the shaft and is set at an angle of 120-135 degrees to the shaft.

    Greater Trochanter of Femur

    • The most lateral palpable projection of the bone.
    • Site of attachment for many muscles in the gluteal region, such as gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and piriformis.

    Lesser Trochanter of Femur

    • Smaller than the greater trochanter.
    • Projects from the posteromedial side of the femur, just inferior to the neck-shaft junction.
    • Site of attachment for iliopsoas.

    Intertrochanteric Line of Femur

    • A ridge of bone that runs in an inferomedial direction on the anterior surface of the femur.
    • Connects the two trochanters together.
    • Site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament and the hip joint capsule.

    Shaft of Femur

    • Descends in a slight medial direction.
    • Brings the knees closer to the body's center of gravity, increasing stability.
    • A cross-section of the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at proximal and distal aspects.

    Distal End of Femur

    • Presence of medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.
    • The medial and lateral condyles are rounded areas at the end of the femur.
    • The posterior and inferior surfaces articulate with the tibia and menisci of the knee, while the anterior surface articulates with the patella.

    Patella (Knee-Cap)

    • Located at the front of the knee joint, within the patellofemoral groove of the femur.
    • Classified as a sesamoid type bone due to its position within the quadriceps tendon.
    • The largest sesamoid bone in the body.

    Bony Landmarks of Patella

    • The patella has a triangular shape, with anterior and posterior surfaces.
    • The apex of the patella is situated inferiorly and connected to the tibial tuberosity by the patella ligament.
    • The base forms the superior aspect of the bone and provides an attachment area for the quadriceps tendon.

    Functions of Patella

    • Enhances the power that the quadriceps tendon can exert on the femur, increasing the efficiency of the muscle.
    • Protects the anterior aspect of the knee joint from physical trauma.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology of the femur, the longest bone in the human body, including its structure, function, and connections with other bones.

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