4.3.1 Feminist theories of the family

<p>The first wave focused on political rights, while the second wave focused on social and economic equality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It views gender inequality as a result of social conditioning and seeks to change laws and policies to achieve equality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical feminism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of capitalism in maintaining women's oppression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intersectional feminism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An invisible barrier that prevents women from reaching the highest levels of management and professional positions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individualism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By promoting traditional gender roles that limit women's opportunities for advancement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of access to healthcare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By exploiting female workers in developing countries, often in unsafe and low-paying conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchy is a complex and multifaceted system that manifests in different ways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To highlight the dangers faced by women who advocate for girls' education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complexity and interconnectedness of patriarchal systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminism provides a critical framework for understanding and dismantling patriarchal systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchal oppression is a systemic problem that requires systemic solutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interaction between the sexes, particularly in marriage and family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A patriarchal institution characterized by male dominance and control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Love is a powerful tool for men to manipulate and control women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Husbands exploit their wives, even if they genuinely love them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single women are generally happier than married women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchy is a product of innate differences between men and women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women's biological capacity to bear children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ideology provides a moral justification for men's dominance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that men maintain their power and authority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass media reinforces traditional gender roles and expectations for women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchal ideology is a form of 'internal colonization' that convinces women of their own inferiority. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchal ideology fails to prevent violence against women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the family is a place where men feel entitled to control and dominate women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biology plays a role in establishing patriarchal power, but not the only factor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional sociological theories have often ignored or minimized the significance of patriarchy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific claims are often used to justify and reinforce patriarchal ideology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender is a social construct that is performed and reinforced through social interactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People choosing to express their gender identity through clothing and behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender roles are learned through socialization processes, particularly within families. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Canalisation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sociological research that is predominantly focused on the experiences of men. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender performativity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological sex is a spectrum, with a range of variations beyond the traditional male and female categories. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional sociology has focused too heavily on the role of family in shaping gender roles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men were more likely to be sociologists and therefore reinforced existing power dynamics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve equal rights for women in areas such as education, employment, family, and reproduction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By steering students towards specific subjects or activities based on their perceived gender. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growing body of scientific evidence that challenges biological determinism in gender roles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transvestites defy conventional norms about masculine and feminine behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex is biological, while gender is a social construct. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a private matter that should be handled within the family. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Young women now have greater control over their reproductive choices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It created more opportunities for women to enter the workforce and pursue careers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting gender-neutral socialization of children to challenge toxic masculinity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women's reproductive rights are essential for achieving equality and autonomy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have made divorce easily accessible and affordable to accommodate the changing social landscape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminism has successfully empowered women with greater control over their lives, particularly in the family context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to contraception allows women to control their fertility, enhancing their autonomy and decision-making power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Institutions have a crucial role to play in breaking the cycle of violence and providing support to victims. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socialization of men as powerful and women as subordinate contributes to the normalization of domestic violence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Victims of domestic violence are often pressured by their families and society to keep it a secret. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To illustrate how societal shifts have opened up new economic avenues for women, leading to increased opportunities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminism has been successful in promoting gradual but meaningful changes towards gender equality, particularly in the context of family life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education reform has ensured that young women now have the qualifications and ability to take advantage of new economic opportunities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in domestic violence as an outlet for frustration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is crucial to the capitalist economy and often unpaid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They claim patriarchy existed before capitalism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The insufficient examination of intersectionality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power dynamics in personal relationships and home. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Working-class women's experiences may be exacerbated by economic disadvantages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in dual-career households. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power inequalities reflected in social institutions like education and the law. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature of repetitive and tedious work. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>£343 billion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ignores the positive experiences of women in traditional families. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It diverts male anger away from capitalism's structural issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As essential contributors whose labor is often unrecognized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They offer no significant change in domestic duties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender discrimination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchy is a system of male dominance that requires fundamental social transformation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encouraging men to become more involved in childcare and domestic work. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men's dominance is reinforced by fear and women's dependence on them for protection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It fails to acknowledge the diversity of family structures in modern society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growing acceptance of same-sex marriage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical feminists tend to exaggerate the exploitation of women within the family. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It overlooks the role of women in perpetuating patriarchal structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical feminism oversimplifies women's experiences and ignores other social divisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical feminism does not acknowledge the unique experiences of Black women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the intersectionality of race, gender, and class in shaping women's lives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has given Black women valuable insights into the nature of oppression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenging the perception of Black women as passive victims of oppression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognition of diversity among women and their varied experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has raised awareness about the pervasiveness of violence against women and male dominance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical analysis of its strengths and weaknesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical feminists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Create women-only communities to liberate them from men. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A critique of the earlier feminist movements for overlooking the diverse experiences of women. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-feminists (A), Intersectionist feminists (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women's experiences of patriarchy are shaped by factors beyond gender. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are economically successful and empowered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A focus on digital activism and social media. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-feminism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a tool used by capitalism to exploit women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical feminists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assumption that Western feminist experiences are universal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The exposure of widespread sexual misconduct in various industries. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-feminism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a short-lived fashion trend and does not represent a genuine advancement in the feminist struggle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has led to a more nuanced understanding of patriarchy's influence on different social groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believe that patriarchal influence is in decline with liberal reforms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminists underestimate the power of patriarchy and its lasting impact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of the cultural and historical factors that have led to male dominance. (C), Because of the economic and social power imbalance between men and women. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because patriarchy is a deep-rooted structural feature of society that cannot be reformed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminists fail to address the unique challenges faced by women of color and those from marginalized communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The portrayal of women in advertising and media, often reinforcing gender stereotypes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A greater susceptibility to grooming and sexual abuse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The traditional family structure reinforces patriarchal norms and power dynamics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchy creates a system of oppression that manifests in both overt and subtle forms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminists believe in gradual social change through reforms and legislation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminists fail to address the underlying structures of power that perpetuate gender inequality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patriarchy creates a culture of sexism and gender bias in the workplace. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal and radical feminism are two distinct approaches to achieving gender equality, with different strengths and weaknesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The laws and policies of the state often reflect and reinforce patriarchal norms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The social groups defined by gender roles and expectations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender equality is less likely to be achieved in pre-industrial societies, as they are often dominated by tradition and religion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their belief that progress towards equality can be achieved within the constraints of current societal structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domestic labor is considered a form of unpaid work that benefits capitalists by reproducing and maintaining the workforce. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The wage reflects the value of his work alone, not accounting for the unpaid labor of his partner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The system needs to be radically restructured to ensure true meritocracy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marxist feminists see patriarchy as a product of capitalism and social class inequality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To illustrate how these structures contribute to the oppression of women. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's mainly a matter of emphasis, with both theories sharing a similar core ideology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of domestic labor in contributing to the nation's economic productivity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women and men must work together to dismantle patriarchal structures and achieve equality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing the impact of colonialism on gender inequalities in former colonies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capitalist class uses patriarchy to justify the exploitation of women's domestic labor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liberal feminists believe in achieving equality within existing systems, while socialist feminists argue for fundamental societal restructuring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a stable and supportive environment for workers, making them more productive. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lacks sufficient historical evidence and relies heavily on speculation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They analyze how the family contributes to the reproduction of the workforce and the maintenance of capitalist economies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women's unpaid domestic labor is exploited by the capitalist class for profit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A belief that patriarchy underlies social inequalities, especially in family structures.

A societal structure where men hold primary power and authority over women.

A family unit consisting of two parents and their children, often viewed as patriarchal by radical feminists.

Men often possess financial authority in family settings, shaping roles and dynamics.

The assignment of different tasks to men and women, often viewed as 'natural' by society.

Wives often provide emotional support to husbands, with little reciprocal care from men.

Women often face physical and sexual abuse from husbands more than vice versa.

Firestone's theory that biology places women at a disadvantage, creating dependency on men.

Cultural beliefs that perpetuate male authority and justify the power hierarchy.

The process by which girls are taught their roles within a patriarchal family and society.

Systems that propagate patriarchal values, affecting societal perceptions.

Ideology convincing women that they should be passive and decorative.

The idea that women accept and internalize patriarchal control over their lives.

Use of physical violence to enforce conformity to patriarchal norms when ideology fails.

Media and advertising promote domesticity as women's natural role in society.

A movement seeking to address and eradicate gender inequality.

The initial feminist movement focusing on women's legal rights in the late 18th to late 19th centuries.

An early feminist author advocating for women's education and rights in marriage.

A campaign advocating for women's right to vote primarily in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

A feminist movement in the 1960s and 70s focusing on broader social issues beyond legal rights.

A branch of feminism advocating for equality through legal and political reform.

Rights pertaining to property ownership, marriage, and divorce that women gained from the feminist movements.

An invisible barrier that prevents women from advancing to top jobs, despite qualification.

Power structures that uphold male dominance in society's institutions.

Beliefs that shape societal views on women's roles, such as 'a woman’s place is in the home.'

Obstacles that prevent women, especially from minority backgrounds, from achieving job success.

Disparities in rights, opportunities, and status between men and women.

The effect of global economic practices on women's labor and rights across societies.

Young women working in severe conditions for low wages due to capitalist outsourcing.

Practices in certain societies that deny girls access to educational opportunities.

A young girl shot for advocating girls' education, symbolizing the struggle against oppression.

The idea that patriarchal oppression is multi-faceted and varies across cultures and contexts.

Laws aimed at eliminating discrimination against women in the workplace.

A viewpoint that links capitalism with patriarchy, viewing patriarchy as a tool of economic oppression.

Emerging in the late 1980s, focused on intersectionality and diverse women's experiences.

An approach that recognizes varying experiences of oppression among different groups of women.

A perspective that claims women are empowered and challenges conventional feminist views.

A cultural slogan promoting female empowerment and confidence.

A wave characterized by digital activism and skepticism about progress.

A social movement against sexual harassment and assault, prevalent in the fourth wave.

The acceptance and recognition of transgender individuals within feminist movements.

When a theory assumes all women's experiences are the same, ignoring diversity.

Spaces created by radical feminists for women to liberate themselves from male influence.

The growing financial independence and success of women, acknowledged by post-feminists.

Choosing not to have children to focus on career and lifestyle.

Cultural norms encouraging men to be dominant, aggressive, and dismissive of women.

Serious conditions related to persistent eating behaviors that negatively impact health.

How people are portrayed in media and popular culture.

The process in which young girls are over-sexualized or treated as sexual beings.

The movement's importance in addressing contemporary issues like digital representation and rights.

Oversimplified and generalized beliefs about women portrayed by media.

Fundamental transformation of societal structures to achieve equality.

Systematic disadvantages faced by certain groups due to entrenched societal norms.

Different viewpoints within feminism that analyze gender inequality.

A movement that addresses the intersection of race and gender, highlighting inequalities faced by women of color.

A feminist theory addressing gender inequalities resulting from colonialism, particularly in developing countries.

A branch of feminism that sees patriarchy as a byproduct of capitalist oppression, focusing on capitalism's role in gender inequality.

A critique by Friedrich Engels suggesting that the nuclear family and patriarchy emerged together with capitalism.

Various factors, including gender, class, and ethnicity, that contribute to women's subordination in society.

Unpaid work, such as housework and childcare, which contributes significantly to capitalist economies.

The economic significance of domestic tasks, which supports the workforce and contributes to the economy.

Analyzing the exploitation of women's domestic labor within capitalist systems and its contribution to economic profit.

The capitalist class benefiting from unpaid labor, which is crucial for maintaining their economic power.

Argument suggesting that capitalism has stripped male workers of control, leading to dependence on female domestic labor.

The idea that society should reward individuals based on ability and talent, regardless of gender.

The aim of restructuring society to ensure that gender does not dictate one's opportunity or rewards.

Engels claimed that marriage and the nuclear family serve to reinforce patriarchal and capitalist structures.

Systematic discrimination embedded in social institutions against women, often unconsciously.

Aggressive behavior within the home, typically involving abuse of a spouse or partner.

Societal beliefs that may condone or ignore domestic violence.

Raising children without gender biases, to avoid toxic masculinity.

Historically male-dominated legal frameworks that minimize domestic violence penalties.

The tendency to hold victims responsible for the abuse they suffer.

A significant shift in gender attitudes and roles affecting women's marriage and family choices.

Women's rights to make decisions about their own bodies, including birth control.

Access to jobs and professional roles that promote financial independence for women.

Cultural norms and beliefs that may reinforce the control of husbands over their wives.

Changes in the education system to provide equal schooling to females and males.

Women participating in societal and political processes to fight for their rights.

The ability for women to choose birth control methods to manage family planning.

A strategy of seeking slow, incremental change rather than radical transformation.

The classification of gender into two distinct, opposite categories: male and female.

A theorist who argues that sex is biological, but gender is socially constructed.

A range of biological sex characteristics between male and female.

A condition where a person has biological characteristics of both male and female.

A psychological condition where a person's gender identity does not match their biological sex.

The dominant form of masculinity that exists within a sociocultural context.

The process by which children learn the cultural norms associated with their gender.

When parents discourage behaviors that aren't stereotypically appropriate for their child's gender.

The process of directing children's interests and activities towards gender-appropriate options.

Sociological research that reflects a masculine bias, often ignoring women.

Societal norms regarding how individuals should behave based on their gender.

Individuals who dress in clothing traditionally associated with the opposite gender.

The concept that gender is something one does, rather than something one is.

Includes female genital mutilation, marital rape, domestic violence, etc.

claimed all men benefit from rape due to women's dependence.

Purdy's suggestion for mothers to refuse reproduction.

Belief that women should create living arrangements without men.

Encourages using IVF to reduce men's role in family.

Supports all-female matriarchal communes.

Fails to adapt to recent economic and social changes.

Argue that women's oppression has decreased significantly.

Radical feminists often dismiss mothers' satisfaction from their roles.

Radical feminism overemphasizes the nuclear family structure.

Over-simplification; ignores that not all men uphold it.

Highlights unique insights of Black women in feminism.

A feeling of being disconnected from one's work and its products.

The idea that family members absorb the frustrations of workers, often leading to domestic violence.

The significant economic value of domestic work performed by women, often unrecognized.

A feminist theory recognizing the intersection of class, race, and gender in affecting women's experiences.

Patriarchy manifesting within personal relationships and family environments.

Patriarchy that exists within social institutions like education, law, and the economy.

The study of how various social identities, such as race and class, intersect to affect individual experiences.

The difference in earnings between women and men in the workplace.

The belief that family structures serve necessary societal functions.

The estimated economic value of domestic tasks performed by women, emphasizing their role in the economy.

The concept that men's dissatisfaction at work can lead to domestic violence.

Modern families do not always fit the traditional nuclear family model.

The idea that capitalism influences and exacerbates gender roles within the family and society.