14 Questions
Which term does Maliha Zia use to categorize feminism in Pakistan?
Secular Liberal Feminism and Islamic Feminism
According to Ayesha Khan, in which phase did women leadership in Pakistan largely invest in Muslim nationalism?
First phase: 1947–1952
What was the Women's Relief Committee, which later evolved into the All Pakistan Women's Association, formed for?
To provide relief to women affected by Partition
During which phase did women civil society come into confrontation with the government for the first time?
Post Zia period
What did Fatima Jinnah do in 1965, as mentioned in the text?
Participated in the presidential election against military dictator Ayub Khan
How many women were reported to have been abducted and raped during the period of 1947–1952?
75,000 women
What did Begum Ra'na Liaquat Ali Khan request the army to train women for in Karachi?
Giving injections and first aid
In which year was the All Pakistan Women's Association organised?
1949
Who became the first female Muslim delegate to the United Nations in 1952?
Begum Ra'na Liaquat Ali Khan
What did General Zia-ul-Haq initiate in Pakistan in the late 1970s?
Islamisation
What did the reforms initiated by General Zia-ul-Haq replace from the British-era Pakistan Penal Code?
Parts of the British-era Pakistan Penal Code
What was one of the criminal offences introduced by the Islamisation reforms in Pakistan?
Adultery
What was formed in 1981 as a reaction to General Zia's Islamisation?
Women's Action Forum (WAF)
Who was Pakistan's first female prime minister after the end of General Zia's rule?
Benazir Bhutto
Study Notes
Feminism in Pakistan
- Maliha Zia categorizes feminism in Pakistan as "Islamic feminism".
Women's Leadership in Pakistan
- According to Ayesha Khan, women leadership in Pakistan largely invested in Muslim nationalism during the "nationalist phase".
Women's Relief Committee
- The Women's Relief Committee was formed to provide relief to refugees during the partition of India in 1947.
Confrontation with the Government
- Women's civil society came into confrontation with the government for the first time during the "democratic phase".
Fatima Jinnah
- In 1965, Fatima Jinnah contested the presidential election against Ayub Khan.
Abducted and Raped Women
- During the period of 1947-1952, approximately 100,000 women were reported to have been abducted and raped.
Begum Ra'na Liaquat Ali Khan
- Begum Ra'na Liaquat Ali Khan requested the army to train women for self-defence in Karachi.
All Pakistan Women's Association
- The All Pakistan Women's Association was organised in 1949.
First Female Muslim Delegate to the UN
- Begum Shaista Ikramullah became the first female Muslim delegate to the United Nations in 1952.
General Zia-ul-Haq's Reforms
- General Zia-ul-Haq initiated the "Islamisation" of Pakistan in the late 1970s.
Reforms' Replacement
- The reforms initiated by General Zia-ul-Haq replaced the British-era Pakistan Penal Code with the Hudood Ordinance.
Criminal Offences
- One of the criminal offences introduced by the Islamisation reforms in Pakistan was "Zina" (adultery).
Reaction to General Zia's Islamisation
- The Women's Action Forum (WAF) was formed in 1981 as a reaction to General Zia's Islamisation.
Pakistan's First Female Prime Minister
- Benazir Bhutto became Pakistan's first female prime minister after the end of General Zia's rule.
Explore the history and evolution of the feminist movement in Pakistan, as outlined by Maliha Zia. Learn about the two forms of feminism in Pakistan and the three distinct phases of the feminist movement highlighted by Zia.
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