Female Reproductive System

<p>Vagina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vulva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ova (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parturition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of a new individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are stimulated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of progesterone and estrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A peak in LH levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is shed along with blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of both. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates follicle growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ovarian cycle influences the uterine cycle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased levels of FSH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To partially cover the vaginal opening (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labia majora and labia minora (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At the anterior end (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lies between the urethral and anal openings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin folds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 to 50 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One mature ovum and three polar bodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiotic arrest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only during the prenatal period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oogenesis produces one viable ovum, while spermatogenesis produces four viable sperm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around age 50 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Germ cells developing in the embryonic yolk sac (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 1–2 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luteal phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased estrogen production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in hypothalamic sensitivity to estrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat deposition in the buttocks and thighs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7-14 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irregular cycles and declining hormone levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative effects on the skeletal and cardiovascular systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH and LH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure of the ovaries to respond to gonadotropic hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Menopausal symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase of both FSH and LH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second meiotic division, metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of testosterone for secondary sex characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The embryo primarily undergoes rapid cell division, while the fetus undergoes organ formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both cycles are synchronized, with changes in the ovarian cycle directly influencing the menstrual cycle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a filter that removes waste products from the fetus and delivers nutrients from the mother. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of a sperm cell in the fallopian tube. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The completion of meiosis I, resulting in a secondary oocyte. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A woman is born with a finite number of oocytes, which are not replenished. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FSH stimulates the follicle’s growth and maturation, while LH induces ovulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a small, non-functional cell that is essentially a byproduct of meiosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The completion of meiosis II is dependent on fertilization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rupture of the mature follicle and release of the oocyte. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of the corpus luteum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The estrogen suppresses the growth of the other follicles, preventing them from maturing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A surge in LH levels from the anterior pituitary is the primary trigger for rupture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progesterone, by thickening the endometrial lining and preparing the uterus for implantation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in progesterone levels due to the degeneration of the corpus luteum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen inhibits the secretion of both FSH and LH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GnRH stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH, which in turn regulate ovarian function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Menstrual phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The corpus luteum primarily secretes progesterone, preparing the uterus for implantation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The decline in estrogen levels, specifically estradiol, directly contributes to the degradation of the corpus luteum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce predominantly progesterone and lesser amounts of estrogen to prepare the uterus for implantation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in estrogen levels during the follicular phase is crucial for endometrial growth and preparation for implantation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The follicular phase is characterized by high estrogen levels, while the luteal phase is marked by high progesterone levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of the ovum marks the transition from the follicular phase to the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone until the placenta takes over hormone production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate the growth and maturation of the follicle and thicken the uterine lining. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The corpus luteum will degenerate, leading to the onset of menstruation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progesterone levels increase significantly, while estrogen levels decrease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A midlife change in the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to estrogen feedback triggers the onset of menopause. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH, which in turn regulate ovarian function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prolonged period of low estrogen levels and a decrease in the responsiveness of the hypothalamus to estrogen feedback. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proliferative phase and the ovarian follicular phase occur concurrently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Menopause evolved as a mechanism to prevent pregnancy in older women when their ability to successfully rear children is likely reduced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to the reduction in estrogen's protective effects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which prepares the uterus for pregnancy in case of fertilization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Estrogen and progesterone levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiovascular and skeletal systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adipose tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second meiotic division, metaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased responsiveness of the follicles to gonadotropic hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luteinizing hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased number of responsive follicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ovaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Includes ovum production, sperm reception, fertilization, fetus maintenance, birth, and lactation.

The process of producing ova (egg cells) in females.

Hormones like estrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle.

Consists of ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix in females.

Includes the vagina and vulva, involved in sexual reproduction.

The period of development of the fetus in the womb.

The act of giving birth to a baby.

The time in a woman’s life when menstrual cycles cease.

The opening located between the urethral and anal openings, partially covered by the hymen.

A thin mucous membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening, often disrupted during first intercourse.

The collective term for female external genitalia, including labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.

The larger outer folds of skin that surround the vaginal and urethral openings.

A small erotic structure located at the anterior end of the labia minora.

Transition marked by progressive ovarian failure and irregular cycles.

Period of declining ovarian function leading up to menopause.

After menopause, estrogen is produced in small amounts by adipose tissue, adrenal cortex, and liver.

Loss of estrogen mainly affects bones and the cardiovascular system.

Oocytes are arrested in the second meiotic division, specifically in metaphase until fertilization.

Estrogen levels rise rapidly due to the corpus luteum after ovulation.

Menopause is attributed to reduced numbers of follicles in the ovaries.

FSH and LH surges trigger ovulation and resumption of meiosis in oocytes.

The phase when the endometrium repairs and grows under estrogen influence.

The phase after ovulation where the endometrium prepares for a potential embryo under progesterone and estrogen.

A structure formed after ovulation that secretes progesterone and estrogen.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release hormones for reproduction.

The monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system involving follicular and luteal phases.

A suggested reason for menopause involving altered estrogen feedback sensitivity.

Physical features like fat deposition that develop during puberty under estrogen’s influence.

The phase where FSH stimulates the ovarian follicle to produce estrogen, inhibiting further FSH release.

A dramatic rise in estrogen near the end of the follicular phase that promotes LH and FSH release.

The event triggered by a peak in LH, leading to the release of a mature egg from the ovary.

The phase after ovulation where the corpus luteum produces progesterone and estrogen.

Hormone secreted during the luteal phase that inhibits FSH and LH, maintaining uterine conditions.

The uterine cycle involves three phases: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory.

The phase characterized by the discharge of blood and endometrial debris, marking the start of a new cycle.

The process of developing spermatozoa in the male.

An immature oocyte that is arrested in the first meiotic division.

The germ cells that develop into primary oocytes through mitosis.

The state where primary oocytes pause in development.

Byproducts of oocyte division that disintegrate.

Cells that develop into oocytes, originating from the yolk sac.

Specialized haploid reproductive cells produced through meiosis.

Includes ovum production, sperm reception, fertilization, fetus maintenance, birth, and lactation.

Involves thickening and shedding of the uterine lining in response to hormonal changes.

Releases GnRH to stimulate the pituitary gland in the reproductive hormone cascade.

An organ that facilitates nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus during pregnancy.

The process of developing oocytes from oogonia to mature eggs in females.

The time during which the embryo or fetus develops inside the womb.

The production and secretion of milk from the mammary glands to nourish the infant.

Structure consisting of a primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells.

The process where primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and polar body.

The result of the first meiotic division that gets ovulated and can be fertilized.

Hormone secreted during the luteal phase crucial for preparing the uterus for implantation.

Event that activates the second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte.

Cyclic changes in the ovaries during reproductive years, part of the menstrual cycle.

Degenerated form of the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur.

Timeframe for menstrual cycles, typically 23 to 35 days, average 28 days.

Hormone primarily secreted during the follicular phase that aids in follicle development.

The pool of primary follicles at birth that produce ova throughout life.

Byproduct of meiotic division that typically disintegrates and does not participate in fertilization.

Follicles that regress and stop developing during the follicular phase.

The hormonal control system involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to regulate reproductive hormones.

The hormone produced by developing follicles during the follicular phase, crucial for female reproductive growth.

The process where a mature egg (secondary oocyte) is expelled from the ovary during ovulation.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are key regulators of the menstrual cycle, stimulating follicle development and ovulation.

The menstrual cycle is interrupted by pregnancy or menopause, halting the phases of follicular and luteal development.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release hormones for reproduction.

Consists of three phases: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory.

During menopause, ovarian estrogen production decreases significantly.

The corpus luteum is responsible for estrogen production after ovulation.