Female Reproductive System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which bones contribute to the formation of the acetabulum in the hip joint?

Ilum, Ischium, Pubis (correct)

Pubis, Femur, Ilium

Ischium, Sacrum, Coccyx

Ilium, Ischium, Coccyx

What structure bridges the hip joints anteriorly?

Coccygeal ligament

Pubic symphysis (correct)

Sacral promontory

Ischial tuberosity

Which of the following is NOT part of the obstetric conjugate diameter?

Arcuate line of the ilium

Superior edge of the pubic symphysis

Inferior ramus of pubis (correct)

Sacral promontory

Which pelvic structure aids in the passage of the fetus's head during birth?

Obstetric conjugate diameter (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pelvis is located posteriorly and articulates with the hip joint?

Sacrum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What structure surrounds the uterus and is the largest subsection of the broad ligament?

Mesometrium (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the mesovarium?

It is associated with the ovaries but does not cover them. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How long are the fallopian tubes typically?

4-5 inches (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is salpingitis?

Inflammation of the uterine tubes (A) Signup and view all the answers

The term TAH BSO stands for what medical procedure?

Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for a prolapsed bladder?

Vaginal wall prolapse (A) Signup and view all the answers

What structure holds the vagina open during sexual arousal?

Cervix (B) Signup and view all the answers

What layer of the uterus contracts to help expel the fetus during childbirth?

Myometrium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of innervation is associated with the lower quarter of the vagina?

Somatic innervation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the broad ligament primarily composed of?

Peritoneum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of a normal vagina when relaxed?

8 cm (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the uterus is responsible for changing size during pregnancy?

Myometrium (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the reproductive organs is supported by the broad ligament?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

The upper three-quarters of the vagina contain which types of innervation?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the perimetrium?

Outer covering of connective tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of theca cells in the ovaries?

Make androgens (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Ovulation occurs on Day 14 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary form of estrogen produced during pregnancy?

Estriol (E3) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which gland's infection leads to skenitis?

Skene's glands (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of progesterone during pregnancy?

Maintenance of the uterus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the effects of estrogen on cervical mucus?

Thins cervical mucus to facilitate sperm movement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between FSH and estrogen levels during the secretory phase?

High estrogen levels inhibit FSH production (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for producing hormones during the first ten weeks of pregnancy?

Ovarian corpus luteum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of the pelvic diaphragm?

Levator ani and coccygeus muscles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a function of the pelvic diaphragm?

Support the pelvic organs during pressure increases (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the apertures found in the pelvic diaphragm?

Urinary orifice, vaginal orifice, and anus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the perineum?

Act as a sensitive skin area between the genitals and anus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does damage to the perineal body have on the pelvic diaphragm?

It weakens the pelvic diaphragm (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to the bulging of the bladder into the vagina?

Childbirth-related injury (A) Signup and view all the answers

What issues may some individuals face due to pelvic floor weakness?

Starting urination and urinary incontinence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the structures beneath the pelvic floor?

Help in urination, defecation, and copulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Objectives

Recognize anatomical structures of the female reproductive system and pelvis.
Describe the physiology of the menstrual cycle.

Bones of the Pelvis

The acetabulum, formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis, articulates with the femur's head.
Hip joints connect anteriorly through the pubic symphysis and posteriorly to the sacrum.
Key landmarks include superior edge of pubic symphysis, arcuate line of the ilium, and sacral promontory.

Shapes of the Pelvis

The obstetric conjugate diameter is crucial during childbirth as it is the first point in the maternal pelvis that the fetal head passes.

Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The pelvic diaphragm comprises levator ani and coccygeus muscles, providing support against intra-abdominal pressure.
The perineum is a sensitive area between the genitals and anus, crucial for urination, defecation, and copulation.
Three apertures in the pelvic diaphragm allow for the urinary orifice, vaginal orifice, and anus.

Internal Reproductive Organs

The vagina is a muscular tube about 8 cm long, innervated differently in its upper and lower portions.
The uterus is a thick, hollow organ with considerable size variation during pregnancy, comprising endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium.

Broad Ligament

A peritoneum fold that supports the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, dividing into mesometrium, mesovarium, and mesosalpinx.

Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes

Ovaries are almond-shaped, produce oocytes and hormones, and mature oocytes into follicles.
Each fallopian tube captures the ovulated ovum through fimbriae, potentially inflamed as salpingitis.

External Genitalia

Comprised of various structures that support reproductive functions.

Glands and Hormones

Ovaries contain theca and granulosa cells, converting androgens into estrogen.
Skene's glands and Bartholin glands lubricate the vagina; infections can cause skenitis and bartholinitis, respectively.

Menstrual Cycle Phases

Menstruation: Days 0-4
Proliferative Phase: Days 5-13
Ovulation: Day 14, triggered by the LH surge
Secretory Phase: Corpus luteum releases estrogen and progesterone, inhibiting GnRH and reducing FSH.

Estrogen

Three forms: Estrone (E1), Estradiol (E2), and Estriol (E3) tailored for specific life stages.
Peaks before ovulation, thins cervical mucus to enhance sperm mobility, and keeps vaginal walls thick and lubricated.

Progesterone

A steroid hormone produced mainly by the ovaries and adrenal cortex, crucial for maintaining uterine health during pregnancy.
Reduces myometrial contractions to support pregnancy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the female reproductive system, focusing on its anatomical structures and functions. This quiz also covers the physiology of the menstrual cycle and the bones of the pelvis. Ideal for students in Natural Sciences.