34 Questions
What is the primary function of the female reproductive system?
To produce female gametes (ova) and provide a suitable environment for fertilization and fetal development.
What is the role of oogenesis in the female reproductive system?
To produce female gametes (ova) through the process of oogenesis.
What is the significance of the cyclical release of gonadotropin hormones from the anterior pituitary?
It controls the process of ovulation, which is suspended during pregnancy.
What is the function of estrogen and progesterone secreted by the ovaries?
Estrogen and progesterone play crucial roles in regulating the female reproductive cycle, preparing the uterus for implantation, and maintaining pregnancy.
What is the structure of the ovaries, and what is the function of the tunica albuginea?
The ovaries are flattened, oval organs encapsulated in a fibrous connective tissue layer called the tunica albuginea, which provides structural support.
What is the composition of the ovarian stroma, and what is its function?
The ovarian stroma is composed of spindle-shaped cells, reticular fibers, and ground substance, which together constitute the ovarian stromal tissue.
What is the function of spiral arteries in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
Spiral arteries supply the endometrium with oxygen and nutrients, and respond to hormonal changes by constricting and dilating to facilitate menstruation.
What happens to the spiral arteries when progesterone levels decrease at the end of the menstrual cycle?
The spiral arteries constrict and decrease blood flow to the endometrium, leading to ischemia and eventually menstruation.
What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
Progesterone maintains the endometrium and prevents it from breaking down, allowing for a potential pregnancy to occur.
What happens to the endometrium in the absence of progesterone?
The endometrium breaks down and is shed, leading to menstruation.
What triggers the initiation of a new cycle of follicular development?
The activation of FSH secretion initiates a new cycle of follicular development.
What is the eventual outcome of the absence of progesterone and the initiation of a new cycle of follicular development?
The eventual outcome is a new cycle of proliferation of the uterine mucosa.
What is the characteristic of Grafian follicle in secondary oocyte?
enlarged, and zonagranulosa is formed around periphery
What happens to the corpus luteum without LH hormone?
it can't be maintained, and there is an estrogene decline
What is the function of LH hormone in the ovulation process?
stimulates ovulation, and maintains corpus luteum
What is the process by which the second meiotic division of oocyte is completed?
after penetration of sperm into ooplasm
What is the result of the absence of corpus luteum function?
cessation of estrogen and progesterone production
What is the hormone produced by the placenta that helps maintain pregnancy?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
What is the main component of the wall of the oviduct?
Smooth muscle and inner mucosal lining
What is the main function of the ampulla?
Fertilization
What is the typical duration of the menstrual cycle?
28 days
What is the name of the layer of the uterus that is sensitive to hormonal changes?
Endometrium
What happens during the menstrual phase of the cycle?
Endometrial shedding
What is the name of the muscle layer in the uterus?
Myometrium
What is the purpose of the proliferative phase?
To prepare the endometrium for implantation
What is the function of the cervix?
To separate the uterus from the vagina
What hormone is released by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
Progestrone
What is the main component of the stromal cells in the endometrium?
Connective tissue
What is the function of the secretory phase?
To produce glycogen-rich secretion
What is the name of the layer of the uterus that is outermost?
Perimetrium
How many phases are there in the menstrual cycle?
3
What is the name of the part of the oviduct that is closest to the ovary?
Infundibulum
What is the name of the part of the uterus that is above the entrance of the oviduct?
Fundus
What is the name of the arterial supply to the endometrium?
Spiral arteries
Study Notes
Female Reproductive System Function
- Produces female gametes (ova) by oogenesis
- Receives male gametes (spermatozoa)
- Provides a suitable environment for fertilization of ovum
- Supports fetal development
- A means for the expulsion of the developed fetus to the external environment
The Ovaries
- Paired organs lying in the pelvic cavity
- Have an endocrine function by secreting estrogen and progesterone
- Consist of spindle-shaped cells, reticular fibers, and ground substance that together constitute the ovarian stroma
- Contain numerous follicles in various stages of development
- Have a inner zone (cortex) and outer zone (stroma)
The Structure of the Ovary
- The body of the ovary consists of a spindle-shaped cell
- The ovary is surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue layer called the tunica albuginea
- The ovarian cortex is divided into two zones: the outer zone and the inner zone
- The outer zone contains primary follicles, while the inner zone contains Graafian follicles
The Menstrual Cycle
- A cyclical process that prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized ovum
- Divided into three phases: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory
- The menstrual phase is characterized by the shedding of the endometrium
- The proliferative phase is characterized by the growth of the endometrium
- The secretory phase is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for implantation
The Corpus Luteum
- A temporary endocrine gland that forms from the ruptured Graafian follicle after ovulation
- Has a bright yellow pigment
- Secretes progesterone and estrogen
- Plays a critical role in preparing the uterus for implantation
The Uterus
- A flattened, pear-shaped organ
- Divided into three parts: the body, fundus, and cervix
- Has a thick wall composed of three layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium
- The endometrium is divided into three layers: the basal layer, the stratum spongiosum, and the stratum compactum
The Endometrium
- The innermost layer of the uterus
- Undergoes changes throughout the menstrual cycle
- The basal layer is the deepest layer and is adjacent to the myometrium
- The stratum spongiosum is the middle layer and has a spongy appearance
- The stratum compactum is the thinnest layer and has a compact appearance
The Stages of the Menstrual Cycle
- Day 1-5: Menstrual phase
- Day 5-14: Proliferative phase
- Day 14-28: Secretory phase
This quiz covers the functions of the female reproductive system, including the production of gametes, fertilization, and development. It also explores the different parts of the system, such as the ovaries and genital tract.
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