Female Reproductive System Anatomy
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Questions and Answers

Where do the uterine tubes enter the uterus?

  • At the round ligament of the uterus
  • At the cervix of the uterus
  • At the lateral borders
  • At the upper ends of the lateral borders (correct)

    • What is the shape of the uterine cavity in coronal section?

  • Rectangular
  • Triangular (correct)
  • Oval
  • Circular

    • What is the function of the fibromuscular ligaments of the uterus?

  • To attach the uterus to the pelvic wall
  • To divide the uterus into parts
  • To support the uterus (correct)
  • To connect the uterus to the ovaries

    • What is the name of the ligament that attaches to the ovary?

    <p>Mesovarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the external os in nulliparous women?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that attaches to the cervix?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the uterine cavity in sagittal section?

    <p>Transverse slit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the ligament that attaches to the lateral pelvic wall?

    <p>Broad ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal position of the uterus?

    <p>Anteverted anteflexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation of the fundus of the uterus to the surrounding structures?

    <p>It is related to the sigmoid colon and coils of ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dimension of the uterus in length?

    <p>3 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle formed by the longitudinal axis of the uterus and the axis of the vagina?

    <p>90°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation of the anterior surface of the uterus to the surrounding structures?

    <p>It is related to the urinary bladder with the uterovesical pouch in-between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a retroverted retroflexed uterus?

    <p>It may cause prolapse of uterus especially in old aged multiparous women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of the uterus?

    <p>Between the urinary bladder anteriorly and rectum posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the uterus?

    <p>Pear in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which end of the ovary is related to the uterine tube?

    <p>Superior end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

    <p>It conducts vessels, nerves, and lymphatics to and from the ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

    <p>Supports the ovary and conducts vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mesosalpinx?

    <p>A part of the broad ligament between the uterine tube, mesovarium, ovary, and ligament of the ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament connects the uterine end of the ovary to the uterus?

    <p>Ligament of ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the veins from the ovary drain into?

    <p>Inferior vena cava and left renal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the uterine artery?

    <p>It supplies blood to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the plexus formed by the veins emerging from the hilum of the ovary?

    <p>Pampiniform plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the uterine venous plexus?

    <p>A network of veins that drain the uterus and drain into the uterine and vaginal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lymphatic drainage of the fundus of the uterus?

    <p>Para-aortic nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the lymphatic vessels from the ovary drain into?

    <p>Lateral aortic lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship of the upper part of the vagina to the rectum?

    <p>It is related to the rectum with the rectovaginal pouch in-between</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arterial blood supply of the vagina?

    <p>Vaginal branches of uterine artery, vaginal artery, and middle rectal and internal pudendal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that connects the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?

    <p>Suspensory ligament of the ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of fertilization in the uterine tube?

    <p>Ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the lower part of the vagina?

    <p>Pudendal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of sterility in women according to the applied anatomy?

    <p>Blockage of the uterine tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the uterine tube is the shortest and narrowest?

    <p>Intramural part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the uterine tube?

    <p>To transmit ovum from the ovary to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lymphatic drainage of the uterine tube?

    <p>Lateral aortic lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the blood supply of the medial 2/3 of the uterine tube?

    <p>Uterine vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vagina is pain insensitive?

    <p>The upper part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Female Genital System

    • The female genital system consists of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, and vagina.

    Uterus

    • The uterus is a pear-shaped, hollow organ located between the urinary bladder and rectum.
    • It has a longitudinal axis that forms a right angle with the vagina (angle of anteversion) and is anteverted and anteflexed (AVF) at the level of the internal os.
    • The uterus has a normal position, but can also be retroverted and retroflexed (RVF), which may cause prolapse in old, multiparous women.

    Parts of the Uterus

    • The fundus is the upper part of the uterus, completely covered by peritoneum, and related to coils of the ileum and sigmoid colon.
    • The anterior surface is covered by peritoneum and related to the urinary bladder with the uterovesical pouch in between.
    • The posterior surface is covered by peritoneum down to the cervix and the posterior fornix of the vagina with the rectovaginal pouch.
    • The lateral borders have the uterine tubes entering the uterus, and the round ligament of the uterus is attached to it.

    Cervix of the Uterus

    • The cervix is one inch long and in diameter, more fixed due to strong ligaments attached to it.
    • It projects through the anterior vaginal wall, which divides it into supravaginal and vaginal parts.
    • The external os appears as a small circular opening in nulliparous women and a transverse slit in multiparous women.

    Uterine Cavity

    • The cavity of the body is a transverse slit in sagittal section and triangular in coronal section.
    • The cervical canal communicates with the cavity of the body through the internal os and with the vagina through the external os.

    Ligaments of the Uterus

    • Peritoneal ligaments do not support the uterus.
    • Fibromuscular ligaments play a crucial role in supporting the uterus and are mainly attached to the cervix.
    • Examples include transverse cervical ligaments, uterosacral ligaments, pubocervical ligaments, and round ligaments of the uterus.

    Broad Ligament

    • The broad ligament is a peritoneal fold that attaches the uterus to the pelvic wall.
    • It has an anterior (free) border, posterior (attached) border, medial border, and lateral border.
    • Parts of the broad ligament include the mesovarium, suspensory ligament of the ovary, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium.

    Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, and Lymph Drainage of the Uterus

    • Arterial supply: uterine artery
    • Venous drainage: uterine venous plexus drains into uterine and vaginal veins
    • Lymph drainage: fundus drains into para-aortic nodes, body drains into external iliac lymph nodes, and cervix drains into internal and external iliac lymph nodes and sacral lymph nodes

    Vagina

    • Relations of the vagina: anteriorly, it is related to the urethra and base of the bladder; posteriorly, it is related to the anal canal, rectum, and rectovaginal pouch; laterally, it is related to muscles of the urogenital diaphragm, sphincter vaginae, and Mackenrodt's ligament.

    Arterial Supply, Venous Drainage, and Lymph Drainage of the Vagina

    • Arterial supply: vaginal branches of the uterine artery, vaginal artery, middle rectal artery, and internal pudendal artery
    • Venous drainage: vaginal venous plexus drains into vaginal veins and internal iliac veins
    • Lymph drainage: lower part drains into superficial inguinal lymph nodes, and upper part drains into internal and external iliac lymph nodes

    Uterine Tube

    • The uterine tube is a pair of ducts that transmit the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.
    • It lies in the medial 4/5 of the upper free border of the broad ligament and has a length of 10 cm.

    Parts of the Uterine Tube

    • Infundibulum: funnel-shaped with irregular processes called fimbriae
    • Ampulla: longest, widest, and tortuous part, and the site of fertilization
    • Isthmus: short, narrow, and forms the medial 1/5 of the tube
    • Intramural part: shortest, narrowest, and opens into the superior angle of the uterine cavity

    Supply of Uterine Tube

    • Blood supply: medial 2/3 by uterine vessels, lateral 1/3 by ovarian vessels
    • Nerve supply: medial 2/3 by uterine nerve plexus, lateral 1/3 by ovarian nerve plexus
    • Lymphatic drainage: ascends with those of the fundus of the uterus and ovary to the lateral aortic lymph nodes

    Ovary

    • External features: 2 ends (superior/tubal and inferior/uterine), 2 surfaces (medial and lateral), and 2 borders (anterior and posterior)
    • Ligaments of the ovary: round ligament of the ovary, mesovarium, and suspensory ligament of the ovary
    • Blood supply and lymph drainage of the ovary: ovarian artery, ovarian vein, and lateral aortic lymph nodes

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    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, uterine tube, and vagina.

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