female repro
30 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the function of the Fallopian tube during ovulation?

  • Provide a route for sperm to reach the ovum (correct)
  • Produce oocytes
  • Transport fertilized ovum to the endometrium
  • Release hormones

The ovary is almond-shaped and located medial to the uterus.

False (B)

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the endometrium for implantation?

Progesterone

The __________ ligament provides support to the vagina and cervix.

<p>Cardinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the Fallopian tube with their characteristics:

<p>Infundibulum = Has fimbria Ampulla = Site of fertilization Isthmus = Narrowest part Intramural = Buried into uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits FSH secretion?

<p>Inhibin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fimbria are located at the ampulla of the Fallopian tube.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure suspends the ovaries?

<p>Mesovarium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ hormone stimulates the growth of the follicle and the secretion of estrogen.

<p>Follicle stimulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of oocyte digestion if fertilization does not occur?

<p>Fallopian tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is NOT produced by the female reproductive system?

<p>Testosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The vagina serves as both the birth canal and the outlet for menstrual flow.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the paraurethral glands in the female reproductive system?

<p>Secretes mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outer layer of the uterus is called the __________.

<p>perimetrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

<p>Secreting progesterone and some estrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the uterus with their descriptions:

<p>Fundus = Above the attachment of the fallopian tube Body = Main portion of the uterus Cervix = Distal portion with a canal Endometrium = Innermost layer containing glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is part of the external genitalia?

<p>Mons pubis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The menstrual phase lasts for 14 days.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the female reproductive cycle does ovulation typically occur?

<p>Ovulation phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

The labia majora are the internal folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one function of the myometrium.

<p>Response to oxytocin during labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ secretes hormones such as progesterone and some estrogen after ovulation.

<p>corpus luteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Menarche = The first occurrence of menstruation Menopause = The cessation of menstruation Amenorrhea = Absence of menstruation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is the space between the labia minora.

<p>vestibule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of contraception is a surgical procedure?

<p>Tubal ligation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ovaries?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle lasts for 14 days.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the corpus luteum if the oocyte is not fertilized?

<p>It degenerates into corpus albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rhythm method is a natural form of ______ used for family planning.

<p>contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the implantation of the embryo outside the uterus?

<p>Ectopic pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Round ligament of the uterus

A fibrous band that connects the uterus to the labia majora, a remnant of the embryonic gubernaculum.

Uterosacral ligament

A strong ligament that connects the uterus to the sacrum, providing support and stability.

Cardinal ligament

A broad ligament that supports the cervix and vagina, also known as the transverse cervical ligament.

Infundibulum (Fallopian tube)

The funnel-shaped opening of the fallopian tube, with finger-like fimbriae that capture the ovum during ovulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ampulla (Fallopian tube)

The widest part of the fallopian tube, where fertilization usually occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Isthmus (Fallopian tube)

The narrowest and shortest part of the fallopian tube, connecting the ampulla to the uterus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intramural/Interstitial (Fallopian tube)

The portion of the fallopian tube that is embedded within the uterine wall.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mesovarium

A part of the broad ligament that suspends the ovary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ovarian (utero-ovarian) ligament

A ligament that connects the ovary to the uterus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Infundibulopelvic (suspensory) ligament

A ligament that helps suspend the ovary from the pelvic wall.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the main functions of the female reproductive system?

The female reproductive system has three primary roles:

  1. Production and transport of the ovum (egg cell): This is the process of creating and releasing an egg cell each month.
  2. Production of hormones: Key hormones like estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin are produced to regulate the system and support pregnancy.
  3. Nurture the developing zygote: After fertilization, the uterus provides a safe environment for the developing embryo and fetus.
Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the perineum?

The perineum is a diamond-shaped area located between the vagina and anus, containing the external genitalia. It's a crucial part of the pelvic floor and contributes to pelvic stability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the mons pubis?

The mons pubis is a fatty mound located above the pubic bone. It becomes covered with pubic hair during puberty.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe the labia majora.

The labia majora are two fleshy folds of skin, usually covered with hair, that extend from the mons pubis downwards. They form the outer boundaries of the vulva.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the labia minora?

The labia minora are two smaller, hairless folds of skin located inside the labia majora. They contain sebaceous glands and surround the vaginal opening.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the vestibule?

The vestibule is the area between the labia minora, containing important structures like the clitoris, urethral orifice, vaginal orifice, and glands. It is the gateway to the internal genitalia.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the clitoris?

The clitoris is a small, sensitive organ located at the top of the vulva. It is homologous to the male penis and plays a crucial role in sexual pleasure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the vagina?

The vagina is a muscular tube that connects the vulva to the uterus. It is lined with mucous membranes that have folds called rugae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Describe the layers of the uterus.

The uterus has three layers: Perimetrium (outer), Myometrium (middle muscle layer), and Endometrium (innermost layer). They have different roles in the menstruation and pregnancy cycles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the difference between the stratum functionalis and stratum basalis of the endometrium?

The stratum functionalis is the outer layer of the endometrium that sheds during menstruation. The stratum basalis is the deeper layer that remains intact and regenerates the functionalis after each menstrual cycle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ovulation

The release of a secondary oocyte from a mature follicle into the fallopian tube, usually occurring on the 14th day of a 28-day menstrual cycle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corpus Luteum

A temporary endocrine gland that develops from the ruptured follicle after ovulation. It secretes progesterone and some estrogen, preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Menstrual Phase

The first phase of the uterine cycle, lasting 3-5 days. Characterized by shedding of the uterine lining, marked by menstrual bleeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proliferative Phase

The phase of the uterine cycle between menstruation and ovulation. The endometrium is repaired and thickens, preparing for potential implantation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secretory Phase

The final phase of the uterine cycle, lasting for 14 days. The endometrium is fully developed and ready for implantation, supported by high progesterone levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Menarche

The first menstrual period in a female's life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Menopause

The permanent cessation of menstruation, typically occurring between the ages of 45-55.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Amenorrhea

The absence of menstruation, which can occur due to various factors including hormonal imbalances, stress, or medical conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus, typically in the fallopian tube, which can be life-threatening.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Placenta Previa

A condition where the placenta implants low in the uterus, covering part or all of the cervix, which can cause bleeding during pregnancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Female Reproductive System Anatomy & Physiology

  • The female reproductive system has several functions, including producing and transporting the ovum, producing hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin, nurturing the developing zygote, and more.
  • The perineum is a diamond-shaped region containing the genitalia and the anus with borders at the pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx.

External Genitalia

  • Mons Pubis: A mound of fatty tissue beneath the pubic symphysis covered in pubic hair after puberty.
  • Labia Majora: Skin folds with hair that enclose the other external genitalia; contains sweat, sebaceous, and apocrine glands; homologous to the scrotum in males.
  • Labia Minora: Hairless skin folds that enclose the vestibule and contain many sebaceous glands.
  • Vestibule: Space between labia minora containing the openings of the urethra, vagina, and the ducts of paraurethral and Bartholin's glands.
    • Clitoris: The homologous structure to the penis, with a frenulum and prepuce; has erectile tissue.
    • Urethral Orifice: Opening of the urethra.
    • Paraurethral Glands (Skene's Glands): Secrete mucus; homologous to the prostate.
    • Vaginal Orifice: Opening of the vagina; guarded by the hymen (a membrane partially or completely covering the opening).
    • Bartholin's Glands (Greater Vestibular Glands): Secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina.

Internal Genitalia

  • Vagina: A fibromuscular canal lined with mucous membranes and rugae; serves as a birth canal, a copulatory organ, and the outlet for menstrual flow. The vagina has acidic conditions.
  • Uterus: A hollow muscular organ with three parts: fundus (above the attachment of the fallopian tubes), body (from attachment of the fundus to the isthmus), and cervix (distal portion with a canal, surrounded proximally by the vaginal canal).
    • Layers of the Uterus:
      • Perimetrium: Outermost layer, derived from the peritoneum, forming the uterovesical and rectouterine pouch.
      • Myometrium: Middle layer of smooth muscle, thickest at the fundus and thinnest at the cervix; responds to oxytocin during labor and delivery.
      • Endometrium: Innermost layer containing endometrial glands; responds to estrogen and progesterone; site of possible implantation.
      • Stratum Functionalis: Sloughs off during menstruation
      • Stratum Basalis: Does not slough off, giving rise to the new stratum functionalis.
  • Ligamental Support of the Uterus: Broad ligament (derived from the peritoneum), round ligament of the uterus (remnant of embryonic gubernaculum, attaches to labia minora), uterosacral ligament, and cardinal ligament (or transverse cervical) support the vagina and cervix.
  • Fallopian Tubes: Tubes with four parts including the infundibulum (with fimbria), ampulla (most dilated, site of fertilization, longest), isthmus (narrowest), and intramural/interstitial (buried into the uterus); transport the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus, and sperm to reach the ovum; site of fertilization.
  • Ovary: Almond-shaped structures lateral to the uterus; produce oocytes; include the mesovarium, part of the broad ligament, ovarian ligament, and an infundibulopelvic (suspensory).
  • Ovarian Functions: Ovulation (releasing secondary oocyte), produces progesterone and estrogen.

Hormonal Regulation

  • Hormonal Regulation of Menstrual Cycle: Controlled by hormones such as GnRH from the hypothalamus that causes the release of FSH and LH.
    • FSH: Stimulates follicle growth and estrogen secretion.
    • LH: Stimulates further follicle development, ovulation, corpus luteum formation, and progesterone production.
    • Estrogen: Maintains female reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics, and breast development.
    • Progesterone: Synergistically acts with estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation. Maintains endometrium, helps mammary gland prepare, and more.
    • Inhibin: Secretion by granulosa cells, inhibits FSH secretion.
    • Relaxin: Relaxes the uterus to aid in implantation and pregnancy; helps to dilate the cervix; from the ovary and placenta.

Female Reproductive Cycle

  • Ovarian Cycle: Involves maturation of oocytes.
  • Uterine Cycle: Changes in the endometrium (menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases)

Methods of Contraception

  • Varying methods are available, including rhythm method, condoms, diaphragm/cap with spermicidal gel, IUDs, oral contraceptive pills, injectable progesterone, and tubal ligation.

Clinical Correlations

  • Ectopic pregnancy, placenta previa, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are potential conditions affecting the reproductive system

Definitions of Terms

  • Menarche: The first menstrual period.
  • Menopause: Cessation of menstrual periods.
  • Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Female Reproductive System Anatomy & Physiology PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser