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Questions and Answers
What structure is a homologue of the male penis in female anatomy?
What structure is a homologue of the male penis in female anatomy?
- Labial fissure
- Vulva
- Clitoral fossa
- Clitoris (correct)
Which part of the female reproductive tract serves as a common opening for both urinary and genital tracts?
Which part of the female reproductive tract serves as a common opening for both urinary and genital tracts?
- Vestibule (correct)
- Cervix
- Vulva
- Clitoral fossa
What is the location of the clitoral sinuses in the mare's anatomy?
What is the location of the clitoral sinuses in the mare's anatomy?
- In the labial fissure
- On the dorsal commissure
- Within the vaginal cavity
- On the periphery of the glans (correct)
What is the function of the urethral tubercle in the vestibule of a bitch?
What is the function of the urethral tubercle in the vestibule of a bitch?
What condition is indicated by the presence of contagious equine metritis in female reproductive examinations?
What condition is indicated by the presence of contagious equine metritis in female reproductive examinations?
What differs in the dorsal and ventral commissures of the vulva in a bitch?
What differs in the dorsal and ventral commissures of the vulva in a bitch?
Which anatomical component supports the structure of the female reproductive system but is not specifically described regarding its blood supply?
Which anatomical component supports the structure of the female reproductive system but is not specifically described regarding its blood supply?
What is the primary blood supply to the uterus in cows?
What is the primary blood supply to the uterus in cows?
Which component of the broad ligament is responsible for supporting the ovaries?
Which component of the broad ligament is responsible for supporting the ovaries?
The oviduct can be divided into how many parts?
The oviduct can be divided into how many parts?
What is the function of fimbriae in the oviduct?
What is the function of fimbriae in the oviduct?
What anatomical feature connects the uterine tube to the uterine horn?
What anatomical feature connects the uterine tube to the uterine horn?
Which structure is commonly involved in pyometra?
Which structure is commonly involved in pyometra?
In addition to the ovarian artery, which artery provides blood supply to the uterus in mares?
In addition to the ovarian artery, which artery provides blood supply to the uterus in mares?
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?
Which artery branches from the internal iliac artery to supply the uterus?
Which artery branches from the internal iliac artery to supply the uterus?
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
How does the blood supply to the right and left ovaries differ?
How does the blood supply to the right and left ovaries differ?
Which ligaments are involved in the support of the ovary?
Which ligaments are involved in the support of the ovary?
What anatomical feature differentiates the ovary structure in mares from other species?
What anatomical feature differentiates the ovary structure in mares from other species?
Where does ovulation occur in the mare's ovary?
Where does ovulation occur in the mare's ovary?
Which structure connects the ovary to the uterine horn?
Which structure connects the ovary to the uterine horn?
What is the role of the ovarian artery?
What is the role of the ovarian artery?
What happens to the suspensory ligament during an ovariohysterectomy?
What happens to the suspensory ligament during an ovariohysterectomy?
Which organ is primarily served by the left ovarian vein?
Which organ is primarily served by the left ovarian vein?
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Study Notes
Female Genital Organs
- Vulva: External opening of the female reproductive tract.
- Labia: Two folds of tissue that surround the vulva.
- Labial fissure: Opening between the labia.
- Dorsal commissure: Rounded region at the top of the vulva.
- Ventral commissure: Pointed region at the bottom of the vulva.
- Labia: Two folds of tissue that surround the vulva.
- Clitoral fossa: Depression near the ventral commissure containing the clitoris.
- Clitoris: Homologue of the male penis, composed of erectile tissue.
- Clitoral sinuses: Located on the periphery of the clitoris in mares.
- Clitoris: Homologue of the male penis, composed of erectile tissue.
- CEM (Contagious Equine Metritis) testing: Samples collected from the clitoral sinuses, clitoral fossa, cervix, or endometrium for diagnosis.
- Vestibule: Space between the vagina and vulva.
- Urethral tubercle: Projection on the vestibulovaginal junction in the bitch.
- Ovary: Female gonad.
- Suspensory ligament of the ovary: Courses between the ovary and body wall, fixing the ovary's position.
- Proper ligament of the ovary: Courses between the ovary and uterine horn.
- Mesovarium: Connects the ovary to the broad ligament.
- Ovary in mares: Medulla and cortex are reversed compared to other species.
- Ovulation fossa: Single location for ovulation in mares.
- Blood supply to the ovary and uterine tube:
- Ovarian artery: Provides main blood supply.
- Ovarian vein: Right vein drains into the caudal vena cava, left vein drains into the left renal vein.
- Blood supply to the uterus:
- Canine: Internal iliac artery → internal pudendal artery → vaginal artery → uterine artery.
- Cow: Umbilical artery → uterine artery.
- Mare: External iliac artery → uterine artery.
- Uterine tube (oviduct, Fallopian tube, salpinx):
- Fertilization occurs here.
- Divided into three parts:
- Infundibulum: Funnel-shaped opening to the uterine tube.
- Fimbriae: Finger-like projections on the infundibulum.
- Abdominal ostium: Opening between the infundibulum and ampulla.
- Ampulla: Middle and widest part of the uterine tube.
- Isthmus: Narrow, muscular part connecting to the uterine horn.
- Tubouterine junction: Where the uterine tube opens into the uterine horn.
- Infundibulum: Funnel-shaped opening to the uterine tube.
- Uterus: Area for attachment of fertilized ova and fetal nourishment.
- Bicornuate: Two horns extending and converging towards the body.
- Suspended by the mesometrium: Provides support.
- Consists of:
- Cervix: Lower, constricted portion.
- Body: Extends caudally from the horns to the cervix.
- Horns: Cranial end of each horn connects to the ovary via the proper ligament of the ovary.
- Round ligament of the uterus: Extends from the uterus to the inguinal region.
- Cervix: Isolates the uterus from the external environment.
- Cervical canal: Passageway within the cervix.
- Internal uterine ostium: Opening from the cervix to the body of the uterus.
- External uterine ostium: Opening from the cervix to the vagina.
- Folds:
- Cow: Circular folds.
- Mare: Longitudinal folds.
- Sow: Interdigitating mucosal prominences.
- Body: Extends caudally from the unity of the horns to the cervix.
- Horns:
- Cow: Intercornual ligaments (dorsal and ventral) support the horns.
- Caruncles: Oval or round thickenings in the uterus.
- Cow, ewe, and goat: Only site for attachment of fetal membranes.
- Cow: Convex.
- Ewe: Concave.
Pyometra
- Infection of the uterus. Possible treatment:
- C-section.
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