Female Reproductive Anatomy & Pelvic Floor

Which characteristic accurately differentiates the female bony pelvis from the male bony pelvis?

A patient presents with a suspected uterine prolapse. Dysfunction of which structure is most likely to contribute to this condition?

During a hysterectomy, the uterine artery must be ligated. Where is the uterine artery located?

Following a motor vehicle accident, a female patient is diagnosed with a fractured sacrum. Which ligament, if damaged due to its attachment on the sacrum, could lead to pelvic instability?

During a surgical procedure involving the ovary, knowledge of the ovarian fossa is critical to avoid damaging nearby structures. Which of the following best describes the location of the ovarian fossa?

A 25-year-old woman visits her doctor because of infertility. Imaging reveals scarring that is blocking her uterine tubes. In which portion of the uterine tube does fertilization typically occur under normal circumstances?

A medical student is studying the layers of the uterine wall. Which of the following accurately describes the myometrium?

A patient is diagnosed with a rectouterine fistula following childbirth. This abnormal connection would directly involve which anatomical space?

A gynecologist is performing a colposcopy to examine a patient's cervix. When considering the transformation zone, what type of epithelial cells are typically found there?

A surgeon is performing a hysterectomy and needs to carefully dissect the pelvic fascia to avoid damaging adjacent structures. In the female pelvis, what is the primary function of the transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament?

During an abdominal surgery, a surgeon encounters peritoneal reflections in the pelvic region. What is the significance of these reflections in relation to the pelvic organs?

A clinician is assessing the lymphatic drainage pathways from the female pelvic organs. Where do the ovaries, uterine tubes, and fundus of the uterus primarily drain?

A 30-year-old woman experiences excessive bleeding and pain due to uterine fibroids. Besides the Uterus, which structure is most likely to be affected in this condition?

A surgeon is planning a procedure that requires accessing the lesser pelvis. What anatomical structure defines the floor of the lesser pelvis?

The pelvic bone is composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis which contribute to the formation of the acetabulum. What bony landmark is located on the ilium?

The conversion of notches into foramina via ligaments creates passageways for neurovascular structures. The greater and lesser sciatic foramen are associated structures of what bone?

A patient is experiencing severe pain due to sacroiliac joint dysfunction. Stabilization of the sacroiliac joints is achieved by what?

A patient has a lesion that impacts the obturator nerve. Through which aperture/foramen does the obturator nerve exit the pelvis?

A clinician is evaluating the pelvic cavity. Which muscle is located on the lateral wall?

A patient has damage to the nerve which innervates lateral rotation of the extended hip joint and abduction of the flexed hip. Which muscle and origin of that muscle's innervation is most likely damaged?

A clinician is evaluating the pelvic floor. The origin of the levator ani (innervated by branches from S2-4) is from a line that extends from what structure?

An obstetrician is assessing a pregnant patient’s pelvic inlet. What bone helps ring the pelvic inlet?

An obstetrician is discussing with a medical student the sexual differences in the pelves. A broader alae shape would correspond to which sex?

During an obstetrical exam, an obstetrician must perform several measurements but needs to carefully assess the interspinous diameter. What does the interspinous diameter measure?

A pregnant patient is experiencing complications and it is determined blood supply is being limited. The common iliac bifurcates where?

A clinician is reviewing the internal Iliac veins. How many visceral branches does the anterior division contain?

A patient is experiencing restricted blood flow in the lateral sacral. From which branch does the lateral sacral originate?

Which of the following is a parietal branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A surgeon is performing a complex pelvic reconstruction and needs to identify the obturator internus muscle. Which action is primarily facilitated by the obturator internus?

A clinician is examining the pelvic floor muscles after childbirth. Which muscles are innervated by the direct branches of S2-4?

An obstetrician is discussing key differences in pelvic structure between males and females including the alae shape. Which of the following characteristics corresponds to the male pelvis?

A 58 year old female presents with a rectocele and is being assessed in the clinic. What is the primary function of the pelvic diaphragm?

Surgical damage to which structure in the pelvis could disrupt force transmission from the lower limbs to the vertebral column, impacting stability and gait?

Surgical planning requires careful consideration of anatomical boundaries. Which structure helps define the pelvic floor?

Following trauma, a patient is diagnosed with damage to the superior gluteal nerve. What muscle is most likely to have reduced functioning?

A medical student is determining which structures help reinforce the anterior aspect of the pubic symphysis. Which is the main supportive structure?

Which muscles form part of the pelvic diaphragm?

What structure travels through the lesser sciatic foramen?

For an episiotomy which structure is critical to consider?

A surgeon is performing a complex hysterectomy. To minimize damage, which ligament must be carefully identified, as the uterine artery courses within it?

A 60-year-old female patient presents with a cystocele. Which peritoneal reflection is most likely to be weakened, contributing to the bladder's prolapse into the vagina?

A patient is diagnosed with a metastatic cancer that has spread through the lymphatic system. If the primary tumor site is the uterine fundus, which lymph node group would be the first to likely contain cancerous cells?

A 45-year-old woman is diagnosed with a large uterine fibroid causing significant pelvic pressure. Which structure, due to its proximity to the uterus, is most likely to be compressed, leading to hydroureter?

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident has sustained a fracture that affects the pelvic ring. The fracture extends into the region near the arcuate line. On which bone is the arcuate line located?

A surgeon is placing stabilizing screws through the sacrum to treat a fracture. Care must be taken to avoid which region that transmits the sacral nerves?

A patient is recovering from a surgery that involved extensive dissection in the pelvis. Postoperatively, she experiences difficulty with bowel control and pelvic floor support. Which ligament was most likely damaged during the procedure?

A patient presents with pain radiating down the posterior thigh, and an MRI reveals compression of a nerve as it exits the pelvis inferior to the piriformis muscle. Which nerve is most likely being compressed?

Following a difficult childbirth, a patient experiences fecal incontinence and diminished perineal sensation. Which specific muscle of the pelvic floor is MOST likely compromised, leading to these symptoms?

A clinician is evaluating a pregnant patient and notes that her pelvic inlet appears more circular and broad. Which characteristic is most likely associated with such a shape?

A surgeon is performing a procedure near the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta to access the ovarian artery. At what vertebral level does this bifurcation typically occur?

A patient is experiencing ischemia in the region supplied by the uterine artery, caused by a blockage in its parent vessel. From which artery does the uterine artery directly arise?

A patient is diagnosed with a condition affecting the iliococcygeus muscle. Which action is MOST likely compromised due to the dysfunction of this muscle?

A surgeon is repairing a severe perineal tear extending deep into the pelvic floor. Damage to which structure would MOST significantly impair the overall structural integrity and support provided by the pelvic diaphragm?

A clinician is assessing a female patient with chronic pelvic pain and suspects involvement of the obturator internus muscle The clinician plans to inject a local anesthetic to block the nerve supplying the muscle. Which nerve provides direct innervation to the obturator internus?

During a pelvic examination, a physician notes that the patient's uterus is angled backward in relation to the vagina. Which term accurately describes this uterine position?

A medical student is studying the anatomy of the uterus and examines a specimen where the uterine body arches forward over the bladder. What term describes typical positioning?

A surgeon is about to perform a procedure involving the uterine tubes. Which structure provides direct vascular support to the uterine tubes and must be carefully preserved during the surgery?

A patient is diagnosed with a rare condition where the external cervical os is completely closed. Which type of epithelium would you expect to find directly adjacent to the blocked os?

A 28-year-old woman has a history of ectopic pregnancies. Which anatomical region is MOST commonly the site of fertilization?

A surgeon needs to identify the ovarian fossa during an oophorectomy. The ovarian fossa is located at the bifurcation between which two structures?

A 35-year-old woman is undergoing a diagnostic procedure to evaluate the patency of her fallopian tubes as part of an infertility investigation. Which structure forms the lateral most aspect of the fallopian tube?

Following a traumatic injury to the pelvis, a patient is diagnosed with damage to the obturator nerve. Through which anatomical landmark in the pelvis does that nerve exit?

A surgeon is about to perform a total hysterectomy, including removal of the cervix. What is the relationship of position of the cervix to the vagina?

A 26-year-old female is training for a marathon. She is told that knowing about the Iliopsoas will help her prevent pain and injury. Where is the Iliopsoas located?

A 34-year-old is having difficulty with hip abduction and external hip rotation. Which muscle would have to be directly assessed?

In a patient with pelvic organ prolapse, which aspect is most inferior?

During a research study several pelvic measurements must be taken on deceased individuals. What measurement would quantify the plane of least pelvic dimensions that is the widest transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet?

A 59 year old female is recovering from ovarian cancer. In assessing if the cancer has matastasized what lymphatic vessel would you evaluate?

A 33 year old female is suffering from peritonitis. Which of the following locations has been affected?

Following a motor vehicle accident an individual has a fully prolapsed uterus for an extended period leaving it exposed to the outside world. Which layer would be directly exposed to the outside world.

A 45-year-old patient presents with chronic pelvic pain. Diagnostic imaging reveals that the pain originates from a structure that connects the ovary to the uterus. Which structure is the most likely source of the patient's pain?

A 52-year-old female presents with stress urinary incontinence. What pelvic muscle should be assessed?

A clinician is assessing a female athlete with hip pain with actions involving lateral rotation of the extended hip joint. Which muscle should be assessed during this exam?

A 60 year old patient comes in with pain from the Iliolumbar from lifting. What action is most threatened?

A patient has a blockage from the Internal pudendal. From what branch would that affect functionality?

During a pelvic examination, a physician identifies the point where the squamous epithelium of the ectocervix transitions to the columnar epithelium of the endocervix. What term is used to describe this junction?

A patient is diagnosed with a condition affecting the iliococcygeus and pubococcygeus muscles. What action is MOST likely compromised due to the dysfunction of these muscles?

In a patient presenting with pelvic pain, an MRI reveals a lesion near a muscle that originates on the anterior surface of the sacrum and inserts onto the greater trochanter. Which muscle is MOST likely affected?

A surgeon is performing a complex hysterectomy. Damage to the uterosacral ligament can cause damage to which region?

Following a difficult childbirth, a patient is diagnosed with a rectocele. Weakening of which structure in the pelvic floor is most likely to contribute to this condition?

A patient with a known history of pelvic floor dysfunction reports experiencing increased pelvic pressure and discomfort. Upon examination, a visible bulge is noted in the anterior vaginal wall. Which condition is most likely causing these symptoms?

During an anatomy lab, a medical student is asked to identify the muscle that forms part of the pelvic diaphragm and is innervated by direct branches of S3-S4. Which muscle is the student most likely to identify?

A clinician is assessing a patient with suspected obturator nerve compression. Through which anatomical landmark does the obturator nerve pass as it exits the pelvic cavity?

A surgeon is planning a procedure that requires precise knowledge of the greater sciatic foramen. Which structure passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis muscle?

A patient experiences a traumatic injury that severs the obturator nerve. Which action would be most affected by this type of injury?

During a lecture on the pelvic floor, a medical student asks about the boundaries of the pelvic inlet. Which of the following structures contributes to the border of the pelvic inlet?

A clinician is examining a patient with a suspected sacroiliac joint dysfunction. What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

A patient complains of pain aggravated by hip abduction and external rotation. The doctor suspects involvement of the obturator internus. Which nerve would the doctor target to block if trying to provide pain relief by anesthetizing the obturator internus?

A patient's ultrasound reveals that her uterus is angled forward relative to the vagina. Which term accurately describes this uterine position?

A surgeon needs to access the ovaries during a surgical procedure. The Ovarian Fossa can be found between what structures?

A medical student is studying the path of the ureter in the female pelvis. Which anatomical relationship is critical to consider during a hysterectomy to prevent iatrogenic injury?

A medical student is reviewing the anatomy of the uterus. Which of the following statements accurately describes the average position of the uterus?

A surgeon is performing a surgical procedure and asks the resident to identify the pelvic floor, what muscles would need to be pointed out?

A 26-year-old female patient is experiencing discomfort during her menstrual cycle. Which layer of the uterine wall undergoes cyclical changes influenced by hormones?

A patient presents with right lower quadrant pain, and a pregnancy test is positive. An ultrasound reveals a gestational sac outside the uterus. Which of the following locations is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy?

Upon examination of a female patient, a physician identifies a fibroid tumor located within the muscular layer of the uterus. Which layer is primarily affected?

A clinician is reviewing the arterial supply to the uterus. From which vessel does the uterine artery directly arise?

A 40-year-old female presents with pelvic congestion and pain. Imaging reveals dilated veins surrounding the uterus. Dysfunction of which veins might contribute directly to this condition?

A medical student is studying the anatomy of the female pelvic organs. What anatomical structure closely associated to the ovary contains neurovascular structures that must be carefully ligated during an oophorectomy?

During a hysterectomy, a surgeon ligates the uterine artery. The surgeon must be careful to avoid injuring what other structure?

A physician is examining a female patient complaining of pelvic pain and suspects endometriosis. What is the serous outer coat of the uterus called?

A clinician is examining a patient with suspected pelvic organ prolapse. Which of the following represents the correct order of structures, from superior to inferior, in the female pelvis?

A 55-year-old female patient is diagnosed with a weakened pelvic floor. Which of the following muscles would you want to assess?

A patient presents with a uterine prolapse due to weakened pelvic support structures. Which structure is most likely to cause the uterine prolapse?

A 28-year-old patient presents to the clinic complaining of lower back/hip pain. Physical exam reveals pain with flexion of the hip as well as external rotation. Which muscle could be the issue?

A clinician must determine the pelvic dimensions of a female experiencing dystocia. Which measurement represents the distance between the ischial spines and is indicative of the midpelvis capacity?

During a anatomy review session The broad ligament serves to what purpose?

A clinician is reviewing a patient's chart and notes that the patient's abdominal aorta bifurcates into the common iliac arteries. At approximately what vertebral level does this bifurcation typically occur?

A patient is diagnosed with damage to the left lateral sacral artery following a pelvic fracture. From which artery does the lateral sacral artery typically arise?

During a retroperitoneal dissection, a surgeon is working to preserve the blood supply to the obturator internus muscle. Which artery is most likely to supply this muscle?

A clinician is interpreting a pelvic MRI and needs to identify the peritoneal reflections. What is the significance of these reflections in the pelvic region?

During a total hysterectomy, the surgical team must ligate the uterine artery. From where does it come off of?

A patient presents with swelling and pain. When assessing the lymphatics what region is critical to asses for the fundus of the uterus?

A patient is diagnosed with a condition affecting the levator ani muscle group. The dysfunction or damage to this site may lead to what action being significantly compromised?

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident is found to have damage to the Sacrospinous Ligament. What action is likely threatened?