Female Pelvis Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What forms the inferior portion of the pelvis?

Ischium (correct)

Pubis

Sacrum

Ilium

Which classification of the pelvis is considered the most ideal for childbirth?

Anthropoid

Platypelloid

Gynecoid (correct)

Android

What is the purpose of the false pelvis?

Houses the bladder and intestines

Forms the main structure of the pelvic cavity

Directs the fetus into the true pelvis for birth (correct)

Supports the uterus during early pregnancy

Which of the following diameters is greater in the pelvic inlet?

Transverse diameter Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the anthropoid pelvis shape?

Long, narrow, and oval-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pelvic cavity during childbirth?

To facilitate fetal movement through compressing the chest Signup and view all the answers

Where is the linea terminalis located?

Separating the false pelvis from the true pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What are the ischial tuberosities used to determine?

Pelvic width Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased estrogen have on vascularity during pregnancy?

Dilation of pelvic veins Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about fibrinogen levels during pregnancy is true?

Fibrinogen levels increase by 50% Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change occurs in the urinary system during pregnancy?

Increased urinary frequency in the 1st and 3rd trimesters Signup and view all the answers

What weight classifies a newborn as very low birthweight?

Less than 1,500 g Signup and view all the answers

What is a recognized symptom related to the gastrointestinal system in pregnant women?

Constipation and hemorrhoids Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes leukocytosis during pregnancy?

WBC count may increase to 25,000/mm3 in the post-partum period. Signup and view all the answers

Which category does an infant born before 37 completed weeks fall into?

Preterm Infant Signup and view all the answers

What defines an induced termination of pregnancy?

Purposeful interruption of pregnancy without live birth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the urinary changes in pregnancy related to glucose?

Presence of glucose in urine due to lowered renal threshold Signup and view all the answers

What dermatologic condition is characterized by dark patches on the face during pregnancy?

Chloasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a direct maternal death?

Death due to obstetrical complications or incorrect treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following qualifies as an extremely low birthweight?

Less than 1,000 g Signup and view all the answers

What effect does progesterone have on gastrointestinal motility during pregnancy?

Decreased motility contributing to heartburn Signup and view all the answers

What weight is indicative of low birthweight?

Less than 2,500 g Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as a maternal death from indirect causes?

Death from heart failure complications Signup and view all the answers

When is an infant considered postterm?

Born after 42 weeks of gestation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the trophoblast in embryonic development?

It forms the placenta and membranes. Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of fetal development do the primary germ layers develop?

During the embryonic period. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the chorionic villi?

They are projections that help form the placenta. Signup and view all the answers

What does the GTPAL system stand for?

Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living Signup and view all the answers

What developmental task typically occurs during the first trimester?

Acceptance of the pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

During the fetal period, which of the following changes occur?

The fetus lacks subcutaneous fats. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT part of the emotional adaptations in the first trimester of pregnancy?

Acceptance of the baby's presence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nutritional focus during the preembryonic period?

Adequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals is crucial. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fetoscopy?

To visualize the fetus for assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk associated with fetoscopy?

Rupture of membrane Signup and view all the answers

How is a biophysical profile scored when the fetus is well?

8-10 Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of the biophysical profile?

Fetal reactivity, fetal breathing movements, fetal body movement, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical volume range of amniotic fluid during pregnancy?

800 mL - 1200 mL Signup and view all the answers

What substance surrounds the umbilical cord to prevent compression?

Wharton’s jelly Signup and view all the answers

The umbilical cord typically consists of how many arteries and veins?

2 arteries and 1 vein Signup and view all the answers

Which surgery may be performed using fetoscopy?

Basic fetal surgery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sacral and Coccyx Structure

Sacral prominence is defined as a prominent anterior projection found at the sacrum.
Coccyx is situated below the sacrum, constructed of small, finely fused bones.

Female Pelvis Overview

The female pelvis is categorized into false pelvis (above the linea terminalis) and true pelvis (below the linea terminalis), relevant for obstetric assessments.
The linea terminalis is an imaginary line extending from the sacral prominence to the superior aspect of the symphysis pubis.

Pelvic Components

Ischium: Forms the inferior portion of the pelvis, featuring ischial tuberosities that provide reference points for evaluating pelvic width and ischial spines marking the pelvic midpoint.
Pubis: Constitutes the anterior section of the innominate bone, crucial for understanding the pelvic structure.

Pelvis Roles

False pelvis supports the uterus in late pregnancy and assists in guiding the fetus into the true pelvis for delivery.
True pelvis is considered the most significant aspect of the pelvic structure for childbirth.

Pelvic Dimensions

Inlet: Entrance to the true pelvis, includes transverse diameter (13 cm), anteroposterior diameter (11 cm), and right/left oblique diameter (12 cm).
Pelvic cavity: The space between the inlet and outlet; curved to manage fetal passage during labor.
Outlet: Inferior portion of the pelvis; must allow sufficient opening for vaginal delivery.

Pelvic Classification Types

Gynecoid: Normal female pelvis, rounded inlet, ideal for childbirth.
Anthropoid: Long, narrow, oval-shaped pelvis.
Platypelloid: Oval inlet, shallow diameter, less favorable for delivery.
Android: Male pelvis, characterized by a narrow, shallow posterior portion and pointed anterior portion.

Birthweight Classifications

Low Birthweight: Newborn weight less than 2,500 g at birth.
Very Low Birthweight: Newborn weight less than 1,500 g.
Extremely Low Birthweight: Newborn weight less than 1,000 g.

Infant Classifications

Term Infant: Born between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.
Preterm Infant: Born before 37 weeks of gestation.
Postterm Infant: Born after 42 weeks of gestation.

Abortus: Fetus/embryo expelled before 24 weeks, weighing less than 500 g.
Induced Termination of Pregnancy: Intentional interruption of pregnancy without a live birth.
Direct Maternal Death: Death related to obstetric complications.
Indirect Maternal Death: Maternal death due to non-obstetric medical conditions.
Nonmaternal Death: Accidental death during pregnancy unrelated to pregnancy itself.

Human Development Stages

Preembryonic Period: From fertilization (up to 4 weeks), involving cell division and formation of blastocyst.
Embryonic Period: Weeks 5 to 8, where human shape develops and germ layers form; high vulnerability to external factors.
Fetal Period: Week 8 until birth, characterized by growth, maturation, and weight gain.

Fetal Developmental Structures

Chorionic Villi: Vascular projections for placental formation with fetal capillaries covered by trophoblast cells.
Fetal Membranes: Comprises chorion and amnion.

Assessment of Pregnancy

Health history should include nutritional intake, personal habits, accidents, and intimate partner abuse.
Obstetrical history uses GTPAL classification to summarize pregnancies.

Developmental Tasks in Pregnancy

Tasks vary by age, including body image acceptance, value system development, and preparations for parenthood.

Emotional and Physiological Changes During Pregnancy

1st Trimester: Denial to confirmation of pregnancy, ambivalence about role.
2nd Trimester: Adjustment to pregnancy; physical changes include increased vascularity leading to edema and risk for thrombosis.
3rd Trimester: Physical adaptations to pregnancy, increased GFR, and potential for urinary issues.

Fetal Well-Being Assessment

Fetoscopy: Visualizes fetus for well-being assessment; includes procedural risks.
Biophysical Profile: Evaluates fetal health via five parameters; scoring system ranges from well (8-10) to jeopardy (4).

Amniotic Fluid and Umbilical Cord Facts

Amniotic Fluid: Clear, straw-colored, 800-1200 mL, creates cushioning and enables fetal movement.
Umbilical Cord: Circulatory connection between embryo and placenta; typically 53 cm long and contains two arteries and one vein, surrounded by protective Wharton's jelly.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the female pelvis, including its divisions and structural features. This quiz covers essential elements such as the false and true pelvis, the sacral prominence, and the ischium. Perfect for anatomy students or anyone interested in human biology.