Female Infertility Causes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one method used to check for blockages in a woman's reproductive system during infertility evaluation?

Pelvic ultrasound (correct)

Surgical intervention

Hormone therapy

Seminal fluid analysis

Which of the following is a common cause of male infertility?

Increased water intake

Hormonal disorders (correct)

High sperm count

Excessive exercise

What does a postcoital test evaluate in female infertility assessment?

Menstrual cycle regularity

Uterine lining thickness

Cervical mucus's effect on sperm (correct)

Ovarian reserve

What should be the minimum volume of semen for a normal sperm analysis?

1.5 ml Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone levels may be assessed in a male infertility evaluation?

Luteinizing hormone and testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What type of biopsy can be performed to evaluate the condition of the uterine lining in women?

Endometrial biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of male infertility?

Regular sexual activity Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of surgical trauma during a vasectomy in terms of fertility?

Obstruction leading to infertility Signup and view all the answers

Which test is specifically done to evaluate the function of sperm?

Hamster Egg Penetration Assay (HEPA) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common hormonal imbalance associated with idiopathic testicular failure?

Raised FSH levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can contribute to female infertility?

Endocrine abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What procedure uses a fluid sample from the testicle to assess male fertility?

Testicular biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is not appropriate for improving male fertility?

Administering beta-blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of semen analysis?

Semen volume measurement Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is indicated for treating hypogonadism?

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-coA) Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormal finding in seminal fluid associated with male infertility?

Low volume of ejaculation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a diagnostic method for male infertility?

Pregnancy test Signup and view all the answers

Gynecomastia in boys or men is characterized by what?

Increase in breast gland tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of female infertility related to tubal disorders?

Blocked fallopian tubes due to untreated STIs Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is directly associated with hormonal imbalances affecting female fertility?

Anovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible complication that can lead to female infertility after an abortion?

Postpartum sepsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) in diagnosing female infertility?

Identifies uterine anomalies and tubal blockages Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fertility treatment involves the direct insertion of sperm into the uterus?

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can impact IVF success rates?

Age of the partners Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormonal disorders can contribute to fertility issues in females?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What would NOT be an indication for early referral for female infertility testing?

Regular menstrual cycles Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option involves the use of fertility restoration drugs?

Clomiphene therapy Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to monitor ovulation by tracking basal body temperature?

BBT charting Signup and view all the answers

Which assisted reproductive technology (ART) requires the use of a single sperm for fertilization?

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk associated with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for women?

Risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory tests are commonly used to assess female infertility?

Measurement of FSH and Progesterone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main reasons for using puberty induction drugs in female patients?

To induce regular menstrual cycles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause damage to the fallopian tubes, leading to infertility?

Gonorrhea infections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Causes of Female Infertility

Tubal disorders arise from blocked fallopian tubes, often due to untreated STIs or complications from unsafe abortions.
Uterine disorders include inflammatory (e.g., endometriosis), congenital (e.g., septate uterus), or benign conditions (e.g., fibroids).
Ovarian disorders like polycystic ovarian syndrome and other follicular issues can impact fertility.
Endocrine disorders cause hormonal imbalances affecting reproductive hormones, including issues from the hypothalamus and pituitary glands.

Ovulation Problems

Factors like hormonal imbalances in FSH or LH can lead to anovulation.
Conditions such as polycystic ovarian disease, eating disorders (e.g., anorexia, bulimia), stress, alcohol, drug use, and intense exercise can disrupt ovulation.

Fallopian Tube Damage

Common causes include past infections (e.g., gonorrhea), fibroids, and endometriosis.
Ectopic pregnancies and congenital defects may also result in damage.

Diagnosis of Female Infertility

Key tests include:
- Measurement of FSH and progesterone levels.
- Endometrial biopsy confirms ovulation.
- Hysterosalpingography checks for tubal blockages.
- Laparoscopy visualizes pelvic structures.
- Pap smear assesses infection.

Assessment Techniques

Basal Body Temperature (BBT) charting tracks elevated temperatures indicating ovulation.
Endometrial biopsy performed after ovulation provides insights on BBT and serum progesterone.
Urinary Luteinizing Hormone detection predicts LH surge before ovulation.

Pelvic Assessments

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) identifies uterine and tubal abnormalities.
Hysteroscopy can visualize and treat internal structures.
Laparoscopy is a follow-up after inconclusive tests allowing for biopsies.

Treatment Options for Female Infertility

Options include fertility medications, surgeries, and Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART).
Ovulation restoration drugs, like Clomiphene and Metformin, help in specific conditions like PCOS.
Fertility restoration surgeries address blockages or structural issues in the reproductive system.

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)

Involves the laboratory fertilization of eggs and sperm.
Types include:
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
- In vitro fertilization (IVF)
- Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
- Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
- Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Efficient procedure where eggs are fertilized outside the body.
Multiple ova are harvested and mixed with sperm, with up to 4 embryos transferred to the uterus.

IVF Success Factors

Success is influenced by partner age, infertility causes, clinic, type of ART, and whether eggs or embryos are fresh or frozen.

Side Effects of IVF

Risks include ovarian cysts, multiple births, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Other ART Techniques

GIFT involves retrieving oocytes and placing them directly into the fallopian tube.
ZIFT employs IVF and transfers fertilized zygotes into the fallopian tube.
IUI places sperm directly into the uterus to enhance fertilization chances.

Indications for IUI

Suitable for mild male infertility, unexplained infertility, and certain female reproductive issues, ensuring at least one patent fallopian tube.

Risks Associated with ART

Risks for women include ovarian hyperstimulation, multiple pregnancies, and bleeding.
Babies may face lower birth weights and genetic issues from certain procedures like ICSI.

Early Referral for Infertility Testing

Women over 35 seeking pregnancy for 6 months, those with irregular cycles, and women with prior health concerns should seek evaluation.
Men with any reproductive tract obstructions or surgical histories also warrant testing.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

Highly successful treatment where one sperm is injected directly into an egg, leading to fertilization and uterus transfer.

Causes of Male Infertility

Common issues include problems with semen ejection, low sperm levels, or abnormal sperm morphology/motility.
Causes include hormonal disorders, sperm production issues, and past infections.

Diagnosis of Male Infertility

Diagnosis involves comprehensive history, physical exams, semen analysis, genetic testing, and hormone assessments.

Treatment of Male Infertility

Approaches include improving lifestyle (e.g., weight management), addressing hormonal issues, and specific medications for particular conditions.
Surgical options may be considered for anatomical issues or blockages.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various causes of female infertility, including tubal disorders, uterine disorders, and ovarian issues. Explore how sexually transmitted infections and other factors contribute to infertility in women. This quiz will help you understand the complexities surrounding this important health topic.