Examining Female Infertility
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a cause of cystic ovarian disease in cattle or pigs?

  • Lack of GnRH/gonadotrophin
  • Lack of follicular growth
  • Lack of LH surge (correct)
  • Lack of endometrial PGF2A production

    • What is a common clinical sign of anovulatory anoestrus?

  • Small, inactive ovaries
  • Delayed return post-partum
  • Associated with NEB
  • Lack of cyclicity (correct)

    • Which reproductive tract infection is very rare in cows and mares?

  • Ovaritis (correct)
  • Cervicitis
  • Endometritis
  • Vaginitis

    • What is a potential treatment for cystic ovarian disease?

    <p>Mimic luteal phase with GnRH/eCG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infectious disease can cause infertility in cattle?

    <p>BVD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a management influence on infertility in animals?

    <p>Energy/metabolic status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can influence fertility at foal heat in mares?

    <p>Lactation and time of weaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of reproductive tract infection in cows and mares?

    <p>Reduced conception/delayed pregnancy establishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential treatment for infectious infertility?

    <p>Antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can influence fertility in cows based on management practices?

    <p>Oestrus detection rate and accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a physiological cause of infertility in females?

    <p>Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common anatomical cause of infertility in females?

    <p>Ovarian hypoplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a uterine infection that can cause infertility in females?

    <p>Pyometra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main management factor that can affect female infertility?

    <p>Timing/management of mating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pathological ovary presentation?

    <p>Persistent oestrus or nymphomania (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition in which the hymen in a mare does not rupture during the first mating?

    <p>Persistence of hymen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an acquired cause of infertility in females?

    <p>Endometrial fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of ambiguous genitalia with a spectrum of gonadal types in females?

    <p>Free-martinism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physiological cause of infertility in females?

    <p>Uterine infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main physiological cause of infertility in females related to ovarian pathology?

    <p>Anovulatory anoestrus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three principle causes of infertility in females.

    <p>Anatomical, Physiological, Acquired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of ovarian pathology that can cause infertility?

    <p>Anovulatory anoestrus, Cystic ovarian disease, Persistent CL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name three uterine infections that can cause infertility.

    <p>Pyometra, Endometritis, Metritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for tiny ovaries that do not develop and are incapable of breeding?

    <p>Ovarian hypoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ambiguous genitalia with a spectrum of gonadal types?

    <p>Inter-sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of adhesions related to repeated ovulations?

    <p>Ovario-bursal adhesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for fluid-filled structures around the salphinx?

    <p>Hydrosalphinx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for endometrial fibrosis in mares?

    <p>Endometrial fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for repeated cycles of progesterone stimulation causing endometrial proliferation in bitches?

    <p>Cystic endometrial hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of reproductive tract infection in cows and mares?

    <p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential causes of anovulatory anoestrus?

    <p>Lack of follicular growth, lack of an LH surge, lack of GnRH/gonadotrophin, lack of endometrial PGF2A production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential causes of cystic ovarian disease?

    <p>Follicular or luteal structures that fail to ovulate and persist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential causes of persistent CL?

    <p>Failure to return to oestrus, CL persists in absence of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can anovulatory anoestrus be treated?

    <p>Promote ovarian function with gonadotrophin, mimic luteal phase with progesterone, induce luteinisation (ovulation) via GnRH/LH, remove with prostaglandin, induce luteolysis (if luteal tissue is present)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common reproductive tract infections in cows, mares, and dogs?

    <p>Endometritis, cervicitis, vaginitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some typical times of presentation for reproductive tract infections?

    <p>Post-partum, post-mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential treatments for reproductive tract infections?

    <p>Antibiotics, stimulation of uterine contractions to remove purulent material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of infectious infertility in animals?

    <p>Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV/IBR), contagious equine metritis, systemic infections such as BVD, IBR, BHV1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some factors that can contribute to failure to establish pregnancy?

    <p>Conception failure, inappropriate timing of AI/mating, delayed or lack of ovulation, chromosomal abnormalities, early embryonic death, poor embryonic development, failure to secrete maternal recognition signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some management and nutritional factors that can influence infertility in animals?

    <p>Oestrus detection, timing of mating/AI in relation to ovulation, number of matings, ram:ewe ratio, early induction of oestrus, lactation and time of weaning, lower fertility at foal heat, voluntary waiting period, stress, minimising handling/transportation, minimising heat stress, repeated inappropriate hormonal treatments, nutritional factors such as energy/metabolic status, vitamin/mineral deficiencies/toxicities, management of pregnant/transition animal, oestrogenic substances in plants, dietary proteins, increased urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

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