Examining Female Infertility

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Which of the following is a cause of cystic ovarian disease in cattle or pigs?

Lack of GnRH/gonadotrophin

Lack of follicular growth

Lack of LH surge (correct)

Lack of endometrial PGF2A production

What is a common clinical sign of anovulatory anoestrus?

Small, inactive ovaries

Delayed return post-partum

Associated with NEB

Lack of cyclicity (correct)

Which reproductive tract infection is very rare in cows and mares?

Ovaritis (correct)

Cervicitis

Endometritis

Vaginitis

What is a potential treatment for cystic ovarian disease?

Mimic luteal phase with GnRH/eCG Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious disease can cause infertility in cattle?

BVD Signup and view all the answers

What is a management influence on infertility in animals?

Energy/metabolic status Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can influence fertility at foal heat in mares?

Lactation and time of weaning Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of reproductive tract infection in cows and mares?

Reduced conception/delayed pregnancy establishment Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential treatment for infectious infertility?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can influence fertility in cows based on management practices?

Oestrus detection rate and accuracy Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is a physiological cause of infertility in females?

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common anatomical cause of infertility in females?

Ovarian hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a uterine infection that can cause infertility in females?

Pyometra Signup and view all the answers

What is the main management factor that can affect female infertility?

Timing/management of mating Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pathological ovary presentation?

Persistent oestrus or nymphomania Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition in which the hymen in a mare does not rupture during the first mating?

Persistence of hymen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an acquired cause of infertility in females?

Endometrial fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the presence of ambiguous genitalia with a spectrum of gonadal types in females?

Free-martinism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physiological cause of infertility in females?

Uterine infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physiological cause of infertility in females related to ovarian pathology?

Anovulatory anoestrus Signup and view all the answers

Name three principle causes of infertility in females.

Anatomical, Physiological, Acquired Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of ovarian pathology that can cause infertility?

Anovulatory anoestrus, Cystic ovarian disease, Persistent CL Signup and view all the answers

Name three uterine infections that can cause infertility.

Pyometra, Endometritis, Metritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for tiny ovaries that do not develop and are incapable of breeding?

Ovarian hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for ambiguous genitalia with a spectrum of gonadal types?

Inter-sex Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the presence of adhesions related to repeated ovulations?

Ovario-bursal adhesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for fluid-filled structures around the salphinx?

Hydrosalphinx Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for endometrial fibrosis in mares?

Endometrial fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for repeated cycles of progesterone stimulation causing endometrial proliferation in bitches?

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of reproductive tract infection in cows and mares?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential causes of anovulatory anoestrus?

Lack of follicular growth, lack of an LH surge, lack of GnRH/gonadotrophin, lack of endometrial PGF2A production Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential causes of cystic ovarian disease?

Follicular or luteal structures that fail to ovulate and persist Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential causes of persistent CL?

Failure to return to oestrus, CL persists in absence of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

How can anovulatory anoestrus be treated?

Promote ovarian function with gonadotrophin, mimic luteal phase with progesterone, induce luteinisation (ovulation) via GnRH/LH, remove with prostaglandin, induce luteolysis (if luteal tissue is present) Signup and view all the answers

What are some common reproductive tract infections in cows, mares, and dogs?

Endometritis, cervicitis, vaginitis Signup and view all the answers

What are some typical times of presentation for reproductive tract infections?

Post-partum, post-mating Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential treatments for reproductive tract infections?

Antibiotics, stimulation of uterine contractions to remove purulent material Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of infectious infertility in animals?

Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV/IBR), contagious equine metritis, systemic infections such as BVD, IBR, BHV1 Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that can contribute to failure to establish pregnancy?

Conception failure, inappropriate timing of AI/mating, delayed or lack of ovulation, chromosomal abnormalities, early embryonic death, poor embryonic development, failure to secrete maternal recognition signal Signup and view all the answers

What are some management and nutritional factors that can influence infertility in animals?

Oestrus detection, timing of mating/AI in relation to ovulation, number of matings, ram:ewe ratio, early induction of oestrus, lactation and time of weaning, lower fertility at foal heat, voluntary waiting period, stress, minimising handling/transportation, minimising heat stress, repeated inappropriate hormonal treatments, nutritional factors such as energy/metabolic status, vitamin/mineral deficiencies/toxicities, management of pregnant/transition animal, oestrogenic substances in plants, dietary proteins, increased urea Signup and view all the answers